URR 1 Flashcards by Billie Harney

Universal precautions are also called:

standard precautions

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Universal precautions were established by the ____ to prevent infection and confine germs

Center for Disease Control

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Universal precautions protect:

patient and caregiver

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An approach to infection control to treat all human blood and certain human body fluids as if they were known to be infectious for HIV, HBV, and other blood borne pathogens

universal precautions

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_____ should be used if blood or body fluid exposure is anticipated

personal protective equipment

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Probe ____ is required after each patient

sanitization

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_____ can be used for most probes in standard exams

Sani-wipes

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Endocavity probes require soaking in a:

high level disinfectant

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If a standard probe comes in contact with blood or body fluids, _____ should be performed.

high level disinfection

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Examples of high level disinfectant include ____, ____, ____, ____, _____

Metricide
Cidex
Glutarldehyde
Ortho-phathaldehyde
hydrogen peroxide

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Handwashing procedure

use antibacterial soap, wash hands with extra care to nails, knuckles, and between fingers,

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The proper time for washing hands

20+ seconds

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Washing hands should be performed for 6 situations:

Contamination
before gloves are put on and after gloves are removed
before and after assisting with any type of interventional procedures
between patient contact
before exiting the patient’s room after touching the patient or something in their room
After changing exam table linens or paper

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Wear gloves when there is a potential contact with ____, ____, ____, _____, or _____

blood
body fluids
mucous membranes
nonintact skin
contaminated equipment

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____ wear the same pair of gloves for the care of more than one patient

NEVER

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Discard used gloves and never wash gloves for the purpose of:

reuse

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Perform _____ before putting on and immediately after removing gloves

hand hygiene

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When wearing a protective gown and gloves, the open end of the gloves should:

be pulled over the wrist cuffs of the gown

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How to remove gloves

the first glove, pull the wrist section of the glove towards the fingers, turning the glove inside out as it is removed; place the removed glove in the hand still wearing a glove; pull the second glove off like the first and you should have both gloves inside out and rolled together for disposal

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Wear a ___ to protect skin and clothing during times where contact with blood or bodily fluids is possible

gown

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Wear gowns that are:

long and large to cover clothing

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Remove all ____ and ____ before putting on a gown

watches
jewelry

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____ wear the same gown for the care of more than one patient

NEVER

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How to remove a protective gown

remove gloves, untie strings, pull gown forward from the shoulders using neck strings, grab inside shoulder seams pull it off the arms and turn it inside out as it is removed

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Perform ____ before leaving an exam room

hand hygiene

Wear a ____ to protect nose and mouth during times where contact with respiratory secretions and sprays of blood or bodily fluids are possible

facemask

Do not touch the part of the mask that:

will touch your face

How to put on facemask

tie upper strings over ears and towards top of back of head, then tie bottom strings at base of neck

How to remove facemask

remove gloves first, and then untie the bottom strings, followed by top strings, discard

wear ____ during times where contact with respiratory secretions and sprays of blood or body fluids is possible

eye protection

____ and ____ are NOT considered adequate eye protection

personal eyeglasses contact lenses

How to remove goggles

touch sides of goggles to remove and discard, do not touch front of goggles

4 types of isolation precautions

contact droplet airborne protective environment

used to protect others from germs in patients that have stool incontinence, draining wounds, and/or skin lesions that cannot be covered, or uncontrolled secretions

contact precautions

Enteric contact precautions include ____, ____, or ____

difficile rotavirus noravirus

Wound and skin contact precautions include ___, ___, ____, ___

MRSA VRE scabies impetigo

Wear ____ when touching the patient and items in the patient's immediate environment

gloves

Wear a ____ if substantial contact with the patient or their environment is expected.

gown

Perform ____ after removal of PPE

hand hygiene

used to protect others from germs in the patient's nose, mouth, throat, and lungs

droplet precautions

____ precautions should be used for patient's with suspected infection and that exhibit sneezing, coughing, or spitting.

Droplet

Droplet precautions include patients with ___, ___, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____

pneumonia influenza adenovirus mumps rubella meningitis bordetella pertussis

For droplet precautions, wear a ____ for close contact with the patient.

facemask

Wear ____ when touching the patient and items in the patient's immediate environment

gloves

Wear a ____ and/or ____ if excessive spraying of respiratory fluids is anticipated.

gown goggles

Perform ____ after removal of PPE

hand hygiene

For droplet precautions, a patient should wear a ____ when exiting the exam room

facemask

_____ precautions require strict isolation for patient

airborne

separation from others to prevent the spread, by contact or airborne transmission of highly contagious disease

airborne precautions

____ precautions should be used for patients suspected to be infected with a pathogen that can be transmitted by airborne route

Airborne

Airborne precautions should be used for patients with the following illnesses: ____, ____, ____, ____

tuberculosis measles chickenpox (varicella) shingles

Wear a fit tested ___ or higher level disposable respirator when in the patient's room

N-95

For airborne precautions, put a ____ on before entering the room and remove it after exiting the room

respirator

Wear a ___ and/or ___ if excessive spraying of respiratory fluids is anticipated.

gown goggles

Perform ___ after removal of PPE

hand hygiene

For airborne precautions, a patient should wear a____ when exiting the exam room

facemask

Reverse protective isolation

Protective environment precautions

protects patients from the germs of others

protective environment precautions

used with patients who have extremely impaired immune systems or recent organ transplant

protective environment precautions

Protective environment precautions require the use of ____ and ______

gloves mask

Equipment should be cleaned ___ and ___ leaving the patient room

before after

Perform ____ after removal of PPE

hand hygiene

HIPAA stands for:

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

provides the ability to transfer and continue health insurance coverage when you change or lose your job

HIPAA

HIPAA compliance reduces ____ and ____.

health care fraud and abuse

Mandates industry-wide standards for health care information on electronic billing and other processes

HIPAA compliance

HIPPA requires the protection and confidential handling of _____

protected health information

Health care providers and organizations must develop and follow procedures that ensure the confidentiality and security of PHI when it is ____, _____, _____, or ____/

transferred received handled shared

HIPAA compliance applies to all forms of PHI, including ____, ____, and ____

paper oral electronic

HIPAA allows the discussion of results with the patient and their physician, but NOT with anyone else unless the patient supplies:

written permission

Anonymous images are permitted for use in ____ and ____ setting.

research educational

image created by the varied amounts of radiation that pass through the tissues in the abdomen

CT scan

Different tissues, fluid, and air, have different ____ and are demonstrated as black, white, and shades of gray

densities

The color displayed on a CT image is determined by the:

radiopacity of the structure

Bone allows minimal radiation to pass through to reach the detector in a CT, making it a shade of:

white

Air allows all radiation to pass through to reach the detector in a CT scan, making it a shade of:

black

Shades of ___ in a CT image are related to the amount of radiation passing through the structure to reach the detector

gray

In a CT image, ____ tissues = darker gray

lower density

In a CT image, _____ tissue = light gray, white.

higher density

Air is ____ on a CT image

black

Air is very ____ density.

low

Radiation passes through ____ without attenuation

air

____ images share the same characteristics as CT images

X-ray

Images created by recording changes to the cells that occur with the introduction and cessation of magnetic waves

MRI

Because of the different ____ that can be performed in MRI, there is not a standard "color" for fluid and tissue

imaging sequences

MRI exams can be reviewed for other mass characteristics for comparison to ultrasound including:

mass location in relation to other structures mass contour mass composition

radioactive isotope is injected and the area of interest is evaluated for areas of increased uptake of the isotope

Nuclear medicine

Nuclear medicine can be used to evaluate ____, _____, _____, ____, _____, or ____

gallbladder function gastric emptying cardiac wall perfusion lung perfusion bone and brain tumors infection

Nuclear medicine is commonly used to evaluate the function of the ____ and suspected____ malignancy

thyroid thyroid

A hot thyroid nodule can be a ____ or ____

functional adenoma thyroiditis

A nodule that is overproducing thyroid hormone which attracts more of the isotope than the surrounding normal tissue

Hot thyroid nodule

A hot thyroid nodule is ____ malignant

rarely

nonfunctional nodule that does not demonstrate isotope uptake

cold thyroid nodule

A cold thyroid nodule looks like a:

hole in the gland

___% of cold thyroid nodules are malignant

iodinated contrast media injected into the vascular system

angiography

The contrast in an angiography causes ____ of the radiation and partial ____ of the lumen of the vessel

attenuation opacity

If a stenosis or thrombus is present in a vessel, the are of plaque/thrombus will demonstrate a _____ in the vessel in an angiography.

filling defect

In an angiography, contrast will be ____ in the area of the obstruction.

absent

Patient information required to enter into system

first and last name date of birth medical record number gender