ARRT abdomen 2 Flashcards
The liver is intraperitoneal except for the ____
bare area
The covering of the liver is called:
Glisson’s capsule
The 3 main lobes of the liver are :
right, left, caudate
The liver is called the processing plant because it:
metabolizes the good stuff, gets rid of the bad, and makes bile
The liver makes:
bile
What does the portal triad consist of?
portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct
The _____ consists of the ____, _____, and _____.
portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct
Intersegmental/hepatic
between segments
Separates segments including fissures, hepatic veins, ligaments, gallbladder
intersegmental/ hepatic
Intersegmental/ hepatic separates segments with ____, ____, _____, and _____.
fissures
hepatic veins
ligaments
gallbladder
Intrasegmental/hepatic are located:
inside segments of liver
Intrasegmental/hepatic do NOT separate _____, _____, or _____.
portal veins
bile ducts
hepatic artery
_______ do NOT separate portal veins, bile ducts, or hepatic artery
intrasegmental/hepatic
Method of division of liver
Couinaud Classification
7 divisions of liver four Couinaud classification
right anterior/posterior
right anterior/left medial
left medial/left lateral
caudate lobe
The right anterior/posterior segments are separated by the ____ and the _____
right hepatic vein
right intersegmental fissure
The _______ segments are separated by the right hepatic vein and right intersegmental fissure.
right anterior/posterior
The right anterior and left medial segments are separated by the _____, _____, and the _____.
middle hepatic vein
main lobar fissure
gallbladder
The _____ and _____ segments of the liver are separated by the middle hepatic vein, main lobar fissure, and the gallbladder.
right anterior
left medial
The left medial and left lateral segments of the liver are separated by the _____, _____, ______and _____.
left hepatic vein
left intersegmental fissure
falciform ligament
ligamentum teres
The ____ and _____ segments of the liver are separated by the left hepatic vein, left intersegmental fissure, falciform ligament, and ligamentum teres.
left medial
left lateral
Segment 1 of the Couinaud classification
Caudate lobe
The ____ is separated from the left lobe by the ligamentum venosum.
caudate lobe
The caudate lobe is separated from the left lobe by the ______
ligamentum venosum
The caudate lobe is bordered _____ by the IVC
posteriorly
The caudate lobe is bordered posteriorly by the ____
IVC
Ligaments show up as _____ on sonography
echogenic bands
Ligamentum
ligaments formed by closure of blood vessels
ligaments formed by closure of blood vessels
ligamentum
Ligamentum are ligaments formed by closure of:
blood vessels
The ligamentum venosum is known as the _____ in utero.
ductus venosus
The _______ is known as the _____ in utero
ductus venosus
The _____ is also known as the round ligament.
ligamentum teres
The ligamentum teres is also known as the _____.
round ligament
The ligamentum teres is called the ____ in utero.
umbilical vein
The ______ is called the umbilical vein in utero.
ligamentum teres
The ligamentum teres is found inside the:
falciform ligament
The round ligament is found inside the:
falciform ligament
The _____ or ____ is found inside the falciform ligament.
ligamentum teres
round ligament
What blood vessels supply the liver?
portal vein
hepatic artery
70% of the blood supplied to the liver comes from:
main portal vein
____% of the blood supplied to the liver comes from the main portal vein.
70
The main portal vein and the hepatic artery enter the liver at the:
porta hepatis
The MPV and the hepatic artery have ____ blood flow.
hepatopetal
Hepatopetal means:
blood flow towards the liver
The MPV normal waveform appears as:
steady, minimally phasic
The hepatic artery shows ___ resistance.
low
Both the portal vein and hepatic artery are ____segmental
intra
What drains the liver?
hepatic veins
The hepatic veins drain into the:
right atrium of the heart
Normal hepatic vein blood flow
hepatofugal
Hepatofugal
blood flow away from the liver and pulsatile
Hepatic veins are ____segmental
inter
Hepatic veins are located ____ and ___ segments.
between
split
extension of right lobe over right kidney
Reidel’s lobe
may cause a “false positive” of an enlarged liver
Reidel’s lobe
What is a Reidel’s lobe?
A normal variant of the right lobe of the liver that extends over right kidney
To distinguish hepatomegaly from a Reidel’s lobe:
look at left lobe for enlargement
inferior extension of the left lobe
papillary process
What is a papillary process?
inferior extension of the caudate lobe
Normal size of the liver
up to 15 cm along mid-hepatic line (dome to inferior tip)
The right lobe of the liver should be measured from the ____ to the ____.
dome
inferior tip
The normal liver echotexture should be ____ compared to right kidney
slightly echogenic
The normal MPV diameter is:
less than or equal to 13 mm
The MPV is considered dilated if measures over:
13mm
Diffuse disease, think ____
function
3 liver enzymes
alanine transiminase (ALT)
alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
aspartate tramsaminase (AST)
What is ALT?
alanine transaminase
What is ALP?
alkaline phosphatase
What is AST?
aspartate transaminase
elevated bilirubin is called:
hyperbilirubinemia
Hyperbilirubinemia causes:
jaundice
_____ is a waste product of hemolysis.
bilirubin
Bilirubin is a waste product of ____.
hemolysis
When bilirubin goes to liver for processing, it is turned into:
bile
When _____ goes to liver for processing, it is turned into bile.
bilirubin
Pre-liver bilirubin
unconjugated bilirubin
liver and after bilirubin
conjugated bilirubin
Where can you find unconjugated bilirubin?
Before it enters the liver
Where can you find conjugated bilirubin?
in the liver and after
Indirect bilirubin is also called:
unconjugated bilirubin
Unconjugated bilirubin is called:
indirect bilirubin
Direct bilirubin is also called:
conjugated bilirubin
Conjugated bilirubin is also called:
direct bilirubin
Elevated unconjugated bilirubin is indicative of:
red blood cell hemolysis
Elevated conjugated bilirubin is indicative of:
acute liver disease
hepatitis
biliary obstruction
Elevated total bilirubin is indicative of:
liver disease/failure
______ determines severity of symptoms and labs
progression of liver disease
fatty liver is also known as:
hepatic steatosis
Hepatis steatosis may lead to:
chronic steatohepatitis
liver cell death
fibrosis
fibrosis
liver cell death
Chronic steatohepatitis. cirrhosis can cause:
portal hypertension and varices
Fatty liver infiltration is also called:
hepatic steatosis
Hepatic steatosis is also called:
fatty liver infiltration
Most common diffuse liver disease
hepatic steatosis
What is the most likely reason for elevated LFTs?
hepatic steatosis
What are hepatocytes?
liver cells
What are liver cells called?
Hepatocytes
In hepatic steatosis what happens to hepatocytes?
they are filled with fatty deposits
