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ARDMS > ARRT abdomen 2 > Flashcards

ARRT abdomen 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The liver is intraperitoneal except for the ____

A

bare area

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2
Q

The covering of the liver is called:

A

Glisson’s capsule

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3
Q

The 3 main lobes of the liver are :

A

right, left, caudate

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4
Q

The liver is called the processing plant because it:

A

metabolizes the good stuff, gets rid of the bad, and makes bile

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5
Q

The liver makes:

A

bile

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6
Q

What does the portal triad consist of?

A

portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct

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7
Q

The _____ consists of the ____, _____, and _____.

A

portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct

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8
Q

Intersegmental/hepatic

A

between segments

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9
Q

Separates segments including fissures, hepatic veins, ligaments, gallbladder

A

intersegmental/ hepatic

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10
Q

Intersegmental/ hepatic separates segments with ____, ____, _____, and _____.

A

fissures
hepatic veins
ligaments
gallbladder

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11
Q

Intrasegmental/hepatic are located:

A

inside segments of liver

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12
Q

Intrasegmental/hepatic do NOT separate _____, _____, or _____.

A

portal veins
bile ducts
hepatic artery

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13
Q

_______ do NOT separate portal veins, bile ducts, or hepatic artery

A

intrasegmental/hepatic

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14
Q

Method of division of liver

A

Couinaud Classification

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15
Q

7 divisions of liver four Couinaud classification

A

right anterior/posterior
right anterior/left medial
left medial/left lateral
caudate lobe

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16
Q

The right anterior/posterior segments are separated by the ____ and the _____

A

right hepatic vein
right intersegmental fissure

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17
Q

The _______ segments are separated by the right hepatic vein and right intersegmental fissure.

A

right anterior/posterior

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18
Q

The right anterior and left medial segments are separated by the _____, _____, and the _____.

A

middle hepatic vein
main lobar fissure
gallbladder

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19
Q

The _____ and _____ segments of the liver are separated by the middle hepatic vein, main lobar fissure, and the gallbladder.

A

right anterior
left medial

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20
Q

The left medial and left lateral segments of the liver are separated by the _____, _____, ______and _____.

A

left hepatic vein
left intersegmental fissure
falciform ligament
ligamentum teres

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21
Q

The ____ and _____ segments of the liver are separated by the left hepatic vein, left intersegmental fissure, falciform ligament, and ligamentum teres.

A

left medial
left lateral

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22
Q

Segment 1 of the Couinaud classification

A

Caudate lobe

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23
Q

The ____ is separated from the left lobe by the ligamentum venosum.

A

caudate lobe

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24
Q

The caudate lobe is separated from the left lobe by the ______

A

ligamentum venosum

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25
Q

The caudate lobe is bordered _____ by the IVC

A

posteriorly

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26
Q

The caudate lobe is bordered posteriorly by the ____

A

IVC

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27
Q

Ligaments show up as _____ on sonography

A

echogenic bands

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28
Q

Ligamentum

A

ligaments formed by closure of blood vessels

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29
Q

ligaments formed by closure of blood vessels

A

ligamentum

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30
Q

Ligamentum are ligaments formed by closure of:

A

blood vessels

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31
Q

The ligamentum venosum is known as the _____ in utero.

A

ductus venosus

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32
Q

The _______ is known as the _____ in utero

A

ductus venosus

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33
Q

The _____ is also known as the round ligament.

A

ligamentum teres

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34
Q

The ligamentum teres is also known as the _____.

A

round ligament

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35
Q

The ligamentum teres is called the ____ in utero.

A

umbilical vein

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36
Q

The ______ is called the umbilical vein in utero.

A

ligamentum teres

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37
Q

The ligamentum teres is found inside the:

A

falciform ligament

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38
Q

The round ligament is found inside the:

A

falciform ligament

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39
Q

The _____ or ____ is found inside the falciform ligament.

A

ligamentum teres
round ligament

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40
Q

What blood vessels supply the liver?

A

portal vein
hepatic artery

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41
Q

70% of the blood supplied to the liver comes from:

A

main portal vein

42
Q

____% of the blood supplied to the liver comes from the main portal vein.

43
Q

The main portal vein and the hepatic artery enter the liver at the:

A

porta hepatis

44
Q

The MPV and the hepatic artery have ____ blood flow.

A

hepatopetal

45
Q

Hepatopetal means:

A

blood flow towards the liver

46
Q

The MPV normal waveform appears as:

A

steady, minimally phasic

47
Q

The hepatic artery shows ___ resistance.

48
Q

Both the portal vein and hepatic artery are ____segmental

49
Q

What drains the liver?

A

hepatic veins

50
Q

The hepatic veins drain into the:

A

right atrium of the heart

51
Q

Normal hepatic vein blood flow

A

hepatofugal

52
Q

Hepatofugal

A

blood flow away from the liver and pulsatile

53
Q

Hepatic veins are ____segmental

54
Q

Hepatic veins are located ____ and ___ segments.

A

between
split

55
Q

extension of right lobe over right kidney

A

Reidel’s lobe

56
Q

may cause a “false positive” of an enlarged liver

A

Reidel’s lobe

57
Q

What is a Reidel’s lobe?

A

A normal variant of the right lobe of the liver that extends over right kidney

58
Q

To distinguish hepatomegaly from a Reidel’s lobe:

A

look at left lobe for enlargement

59
Q

inferior extension of the left lobe

A

papillary process

60
Q

What is a papillary process?

A

inferior extension of the caudate lobe

61
Q

Normal size of the liver

A

up to 15 cm along mid-hepatic line (dome to inferior tip)

62
Q

The right lobe of the liver should be measured from the ____ to the ____.

A

dome
inferior tip

63
Q

The normal liver echotexture should be ____ compared to right kidney

A

slightly echogenic

64
Q

The normal MPV diameter is:

A

less than or equal to 13 mm

65
Q

The MPV is considered dilated if measures over:

66
Q

Diffuse disease, think ____

67
Q

3 liver enzymes

A

alanine transiminase (ALT)
alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
aspartate tramsaminase (AST)

68
Q

What is ALT?

A

alanine transaminase

69
Q

What is ALP?

A

alkaline phosphatase

70
Q

What is AST?

A

aspartate transaminase

71
Q

elevated bilirubin is called:

A

hyperbilirubinemia

72
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia causes:

73
Q

_____ is a waste product of hemolysis.

74
Q

Bilirubin is a waste product of ____.

75
Q

When bilirubin goes to liver for processing, it is turned into:

76
Q

When _____ goes to liver for processing, it is turned into bile.

77
Q

Pre-liver bilirubin

A

unconjugated bilirubin

78
Q

liver and after bilirubin

A

conjugated bilirubin

79
Q

Where can you find unconjugated bilirubin?

A

Before it enters the liver

80
Q

Where can you find conjugated bilirubin?

A

in the liver and after

81
Q

Indirect bilirubin is also called:

A

unconjugated bilirubin

82
Q

Unconjugated bilirubin is called:

A

indirect bilirubin

83
Q

Direct bilirubin is also called:

A

conjugated bilirubin

84
Q

Conjugated bilirubin is also called:

A

direct bilirubin

85
Q

Elevated unconjugated bilirubin is indicative of:

A

red blood cell hemolysis

86
Q

Elevated conjugated bilirubin is indicative of:

A

acute liver disease
hepatitis
biliary obstruction

87
Q

Elevated total bilirubin is indicative of:

A

liver disease/failure

88
Q

______ determines severity of symptoms and labs

A

progression of liver disease

89
Q

fatty liver is also known as:

A

hepatic steatosis

90
Q

Hepatis steatosis may lead to:

A

chronic steatohepatitis

91
Q

liver cell death

92
Q

fibrosis

A

liver cell death

93
Q

Chronic steatohepatitis. cirrhosis can cause:

A

portal hypertension and varices

94
Q

Fatty liver infiltration is also called:

A

hepatic steatosis

95
Q

Hepatic steatosis is also called:

A

fatty liver infiltration

96
Q

Most common diffuse liver disease

A

hepatic steatosis

97
Q

What is the most likely reason for elevated LFTs?

A

hepatic steatosis

98
Q

What are hepatocytes?

A

liver cells

99
Q

What are liver cells called?

A

Hepatocytes

100
Q

In hepatic steatosis what happens to hepatocytes?

A

they are filled with fatty deposits

ARDMS (12 decks)

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