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ARRT abdomen 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical symptoms of Graves disease

A

bulging eyes
weight loss
nervousness
intolerant to heat

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2
Q

Sonographic appearance of Graves disease

A

thyroid enlargement
heterogeneous
thyroid inferno

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3
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is also known as:

A

autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis

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4
Q

most common cause of hypothyroidism

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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5
Q

initially thyroid becomes inflamed due to autoimmune response, over time thyroid becomes damaged and hormone levels will drop

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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6
Q

Sonographic appearance of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A

varies with stage of disease

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7
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis will show ___ T3 and T4 hormones but ___ TSH.

A

low
high

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8
Q

Clinical symptoms of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A

weight gain
cold intolerant
puffy face

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9
Q

Sonographic appearance Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A

initially enlarged
chronic heterogeneous
hypoechoic with fibrous bands

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10
Q

subacute transient inflammation

A

De Quervians thyroiditis

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11
Q

De Quervain’s thyroiditis is most often caused by:

A

viral infection

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12
Q

clinical symptoms of De Quervain’s thyroiditis

A

pain and swelling, phases of hyperfunction then hypofunction then back to normal

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13
Q

Sonographic appearance of De Quervain’s thyroiditis

A

ill-defined areas of decreased echogenicity and decreased vascularity

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14
Q

Most common cause of nodules

A

nodular hyperplasia

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15
Q

Nodular hyperplasia is also known as:

A

adenamatous nodules

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16
Q

Nodular hyperplasia is also known as:

A

multinodular goiter

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17
Q

cyst with hyperechoic foci in center located in thyroid

A

colloid cyst

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18
Q

solitary, encapsulated thyroid nodule

A

follicular adenoma

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19
Q

most common thyroid cancer

A

papillary carcinoma

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20
Q

A nodule is considered suspicious if:

A

solitary, hypoechoic with microcalcifications

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21
Q

A benign nodule is known as a _____ in nuclear medicine

A

hot nodule

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22
Q

A malignant nodule is known as a _____ in nuclear medicine

A

cold nodule

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23
Q

radioactive iodine uptake measures thyroid function

A

Nuclear medicine scan

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24
Q

Hyperfunction nuclear medicine

A

Graves or hot nodule

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25
Hypofunction nuclear medicine
Thyroiditis or cold nodule
26
There are __ parathyroid glands
4
27
Parathyroid glands are ____ glands
endocrine
28
Parathyroid glands are located ____ to each lobe of the thyroid
posterior
29
Parathyroid glands normally measure only:
5mm
30
Parathyroid glands are called:
calcium regulators
31
Parathyroid glands release
parathyroid hormone
32
The parathyroid hormone regulates:
calcium
33
most common cause of enlargement of the parathyroid
parathyroid adenoma
34
clinical symptoms of parathyroid adenoma
hyperparathyroidism hypercalcemia
35
Sonographic appearance of parathyroid adenoma
hypoechoic mass posterior to MP thyroid
36
increased calcium in blood
hypercalcemia
37
Hypercalcemia can cause:
nephrocalcinosis
38
Abnormal lymph nodes
>1cm round loss of normal echogenic hilum becoming more solid and hypoechoic hyperemic (increased blood flow)
39
A ____ lymph node may have normal size and shape, just enlarged.
reactive
40
A ______ can be found midline superior to thyroid, just under the chin.
thyroglossal duct cyst
41
Most common neck cyst
thyroglossal duct cyst
42
_____ are located superior to thyroid but near the mandible
brachial cleft cysts
43
Sonographic appearance of muscles
hypoechoic with echogenic striations
44
Sonographic appearance of tendons
fibrous and more echogenic compared to muscles
45
a tendon rupture is also known as:
tear
46
Sonographic appearance of a partial tendon ruptur
focal hypoechoic area
47
most commonly injured ankle tendon
achilles tendon
48
What kind of test do they perform to rule out a complete tendon tear
Thompson test
49
What is the procedure for the Thompson test?
calf squeezed while patient is prone, normal result is plantar flexion
50
When femoral head does not properly sit inside the acetabulum due to socked being shallow
developmental dysplasia of infant hip
51
clinical symptoms of developmental dysplasia of infant hip
audible click leg length discrepancy Positive Barlow or Ortolani Test
52
There is an increased risk of developmental dysplasia of infant hip with ____ and ___.
breech fetal lie oligohydramnios
53
Orotolani
O for "out" = abduction reduction or relocation of hip
54
Barlow
Adduction dislocation of hip
55
obtained by measuring angles of femoral head coverage in relation to ilium
Graf Technique
56
Normal alpha angle of Graf Technique
>55%
57
Normal beta angle of Graf technique
<50%
58
Abnormal Graf Technique results
FH rises Alpha gets smaller Beta increases
59
Joint effusion is secondary to:
inflammation
60
Anechoic or hypoechoic fluid seen between bone and surrounding tissue
joint effusion
61
Superficial cysts can be ____, ____ or _____ in subcuteaneous layer.
epidermal inclusion epidermoid sebaceous
62
hard cysts found on dorsum of hand or wrist, may be found on dorsum foot
ganglion cyst
63
cyst located in popliteal fossa, may be anechoic, hypoechoic, complex with posterior enhancement
Baker's cyst
64
infection and inflammation of subcutaneous tissue
cellulitis
65
Cellulitis will have a _____ appearance of fluid infiltrating tissue.
cobblestone
66
Identification of foreign bodies can be done by looking for ____, ____ or ____ artifacts.
posterior shadowing comet tail ring-down
67
Echogenic layer of breast tissue
mammary glandular layer
68
_______ will be seen running through the subcuteaneous tissue to the mammary layer
Cooper's ligaments
69
Hypoechoic muscle layer of breast
retromammary
70
use of Power Doppler while patient hums, helps differentiate glandular tissue from isoechoic tumors
Fremitus technique
71
Benign masses and cancer are most commonly found in the _____ layer of the breast.
mammary
72
infection of the breast
mastitis
73
Sonographic appearance of mastitis
diffuse edema lymphadenopathy
74
Clinical symptoms of mastitis
swelling pain redness warmth fever
75
focal infection of breast
abscess
76
milk containing cyst due to clogged lactiferous ducts in lactating patients
galactocele
77
Sonographic appearance of galactocele
focal complex mass, may be echogenic fluid
78
male breast enlargement due to hormone abnormalities
gynecomastia
79
Gynecomastia appears ____ behind the nipple
hypoechoic
80
The scrotum and testicles are _____ glands.
endocrine exocrine
81
The endocrine function of the scrotum and testicles is:
testosterone
82
The exocrine function of the scrotum and testicles is:
sperm production
83
The scrotum allows for _____ as sperm are temperature sensitive
temperature regulation
84
The scrotum wall is formed by the:
cremaster muscle
85
The scrotum extends from the:
spermatic cord
86
The scrotum is divided into two compartments form by the ____ and ____
median raphe dartos fascia
87
The cremaster muscle forms the scrotal wall, then the ______
tunica vaginalis
88
double layer, parietal outermost along scrotal wall and visceral adhered to testicle
tunica vaginalis
89
The tunica vaginal creates a cavity or space called:
cavum vaginale
90
The testes are covered by a denser covering called:
tunica albuginea
91
Mediastium
hilum of the testicle
92
What is located in the spermatic cord
testicular artery pampiniform plexus deferent duct nerves lymphatics cremaster muscle
93
Spermatogenesis happens in the:
seminiferous tubules
94
The straight tubules converge into the _____ at the mediastinum
rete testis
95
The _____ bring the sperm to the epididymis
efferent ducts
96
The job of the epididymis:
sperm storage and maturation
97
carries sperm from epididymis up into body to seminal vesicles
deferent duct or vas deferens
98
Main blood supply for testicles
testicular/gonadal artery
99
The testicular/gonadal artery originates at the:
aorta
100
The cremaster and deferential arteries originate from the:
iliac arteries

ARDMS (64 decks)

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