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URR 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it important to measure the depth of a pseduoaneurysm once identified?
a. to determine the force of compression needed to close it
b. to determine the length of the needle for Thrombin injection
c. to determine the risk of blood leakage outside the body
d. to determine how the defect was caused

A

b

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2
Q

What syndrome causes aortoiliac occlusive disease?
a, Leriche Syndrome
b. Beurger disease
c. Leriche syndrome
d. Marfan syndrome

A

Leriche syndrome

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3
Q

Which of the following is associated with bilateral pedal edema, hydronephrosis, and scrotal swelling?
a. Ormond disease
b. Dissection
c. Aortic stenosis
d. pseudoaneurysm

A

a

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4
Q

trunk vein formed by the junction of the two common iliac veins

A

IVC

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5
Q

Segment of IVC from iliac veins to level of renal veins

A

infrarenal segment

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6
Q

IVC segment from the renal veins to the inferior margin of the liver

A

suprarenal segment

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7
Q

IVC segment that courses through the liver

A

intrahepatic segment

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8
Q

IVC segment that is intrathoracic that attaches to the right atrium and accepts blood from the hepatic veins

A

suprahepatic segment

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9
Q

The IVC connects to the ____ at the heart

A

right atrium

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10
Q

The inferior vena cava and superior vena cava empty into the:

A

right atrium

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11
Q

The IVC courses superior through the abdomen to the ___ of the aorta

A

right

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12
Q

The IVC is located posterior to the ____ and ____

A

duodenum
pancreas

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13
Q

The IVC is located posterior and lateral to:

A

portal confluence

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14
Q

In the abdomen help inspiration ____ the diameter of the IVC

A

increases

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15
Q

In the abdomen, expiration will ____ the diameter of the IVC

A

decrease

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16
Q

The valsalva maneuver causes _____ of the IVC

A

dilatation

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17
Q

Abnormal dilatation of the abdominal segment is ___ cm

A

> 2.5 cm

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18
Q

Tributaries of the IVC from inferior to superior

A

common iliac veins
lumbar veins
right gonadal vein
renal veins
suprarenal veins
hepatic veins

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19
Q

The left gonadal vein empties into the:

A

left renal vein

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20
Q

Largest abdominal tributaries of IVC

A

hepatic veins

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21
Q

Indications to scan the IVC

A

abdominal pain
palpable mass
f/u filter placement
history of a renal tumor
thrombosis

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22
Q

A ___ MHz to ___ MHz adult probe is used to scan the IVC

A

2.5
6.5

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23
Q

A ___ MHz to ___ MHz pediatric probe is used to scan the IVC

A

4
8

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24
Q

NPO IVC scan

A

8-12 hours

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25
The IVC appears as ______ in longitudinal plane
tubular structure to the right of the aorta
26
The IVC appears as _____ in the transverse view
oval structure to right of aorta
27
The walls of the IVC are ____ than the aorta
thinner
28
The size of IVC varies with:
respiration
29
The flow of the IVC is towards the:
right atrium
30
_____ is seen in the upper abdominal portion of the IVC
cardiac pulsatility
31
Normal flow in the IVC is described as"
triphasic
32
most common variation of IVC anatomy
duplicated IVC
33
What is a duplicated IVC?
infrarenal segment duplicated with left IVC segment entering the left renal vein
34
In a duplicated IVC, the _____ segment is normal.
suprarenal
35
What is a transposed IVC?
IVC on the left side of the abdomen and crosses anterior to the aorta
36
An interrupted IVC is a ____ anomaly
congenital
37
IVC does not extend the entire way to the right atrium; interrupted in upper abdomen
interrupted IVC
38
In an interrupted IVC, abdominal flow enters the ___ and ____ veins to reach the SVC
azygos hemiazygos
39
With an interrupted IVC, there is no ____ segment of the IVC.
intrahepatic
40
Dilated hemiazygos and azygos veins indicate ____, ____, or ____
interrupted IVC IVC obstruction IVC volume overload
41
Most common cause of IVC dilatation
right heart failure
42
Causes of IVC dilatation
right heart failure congestive heart failure pulmonary HTN mass effect pregnancy
43
Reduced or no change in diameter of IVC with respiration
IVC dilatation
44
With IVC dilatation cardiac pulsatility is seen in venous flow in the extremities due to:
engorgement of the tributaries and the "ripple effect" of the cardiac contractions
45
IVC dilatation causes ____ in the extremities
venous hypertension
46
>___ cm diameter of IVC in the abdominal segment is abnormal
2.5
47
Severe right heart failure can cause stasis in the IVC, which leads to the ______ and ____
spontaneous contrast phenomenon thrombus formation
48
refers to the visible flow inside a vessel due to slow moving red blood cells
spontaneous contrast
49
Significant chronic dilatation of IVC can lead to dilated ____ vein (right) and ____ vein (left)
azygos hemiazygos
50
Dilatation of IVC can lead to _____ in the lower extremities
bilateral edema
51
Thrombus formation in the IVC can occur due to:
congestive heart failure extrinsic compression renal cell carcinoma other causes of blood stasis
52
Echogenic material identified in the normally anechoic lumen of IVC
thrombus formation
53
No flow in IVC is detected in:
thrombus formation
54
Internal flow in IVC would be seen with:
tumor formation
55
Used to prevent emboli from reaching the lungs
Greenfield filter
56
Inserted via catheter into the IVC in patients with a history of DVT
Greenfield filter
57
A Greenfield filter is placed in what location of the iVC?
below the level of the renal veins
58
Sonographic appearance of a Greenfield filter
appears as an echogenic "umbrella" in the IVC
59
occurs with adjacent tumor formation in the IVC
IVC tumor invasion
60
most common malignancy to invade the renal vein and IVC
renal cell carcinoma
61
___, ____, and ____ malignancy can also invade the IVC
liver adrenal cardiac
62
IVC tumor invasion can lead to _____ around the mass
thrombus accumulation
63
Patients with an IVC tumor invasion are at an increased risk for:
pulmonary embolism
64
The IVC is normally to the ___ of the aorta and ____ to the aorta above the umbilicus
right anterior
65
A ___ mass can displace the IVC medially toward the aorta
liver
66
A _____ mass can displace the IVC anterior and medial
right renal/adrenal
67
______ can displace the IVC anteriorly
retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy
68
A ______ can displace the IVC laterally to the right
tortuous or aneurysmal aorta
69
Compression of the IVC will cause a _____ flow pattern on Doppler evaluation
continuous
70
most common variation of IVC anatomy
duplicated IVC
71
most common cause of IVC dilatation
right heart failure
72
most common malignancy to invade the renal vein and IVC
renal cell carcinoma
73
The IVC is formed by _____ and terminates at the _____. a. junction of common femoral veins, liver b. junction of hepatic veins, right atrium c. junction of common iliac veins, right atrium d. junction of the renal veins, left atrium
c
74
The IVC courses posterior to which of the following? a. main portal vein b. duodenum c. pancreas d. all of the above
d
75
Which of the following empties directly into the IVC? a. right gonadal vein b. left gonadal vein c. splenic vein d. superior mesenteric vein
a
76
The normal flow pattern of the IVC is described as: a. continuous b. triphasic c. biphasic d. non-pulsatile
b
77
What is the preferred method to differentiate ascites from the IVC? a. use color Doppler b. ask the patient to perform the Valsalva maneuver c. use spatial compounding d. use m-mode
a
78
Dilated hemiazygos and azygos veins indicate which of the following? a. interrupted IVC b. IVC obstruction c. IVC volume overload d. all the above
d
79
Cardiac pulsatility seen in venous flow int he extremities: a. is normal for all patients b. indicates systemic HTN c. indicates venous HTN d. is normal for patients over 65 years
c
80
What is the best way to differentiate IVC thrombus from tumor extension? a. use color Doppler b. ask the patient to perform the Valsalva maneuver c. use spatial compounding d. use m-mode
a
81
Where is the proper position for a Greenfield filter to be placed in the IVC? a. at the level of the hepatic veins b. below the level of the hepatic veins c. at the level of the renal veins d. below the level of the renal veins
d
82
Which of the following would displace the IVC to a more lateral position? a. AAA b. right adrenal mass c. retroperitoneal adenopathy d. liver mass
a
83
largest soft tissue organ
liver
84
The liver occupies most of the ____ and _____ region
RUQ right hypochondrium
85
The liver is encapsulated by the _____
Glisson capsule
86
Refers to the superior liver tissues adjacent to the diaphragm
dome of liver
87
The _____ can be used to locate the dome
confluence of the hepatic veins
88
The ____ veins increase in size as they near the dome of the liver
hepatic
89
portion of the liver not covered by peritoneum/capsule
bare area
90
Fluid cannot accumulate in the bare area because:
liver is in direct contact with the diaphragm
91
The ____ surface to the right of the IVC is in direct contact with the diaphragm
superior
92
A portion of the _____ is bare and a portion is wrapped by Glisson capsule
porta hepatis
93
The ____ fossa is a bare area.
gallbladder
94
Located at the liver hilum on the inferior surface of the liver
porta hepatis
95
The porta hepatis is a deep fissure bordered by the ____ and _____
gallbladder fossa ligamentum teres
96
The ____ artery branches from the common hepatic artery outside the hilum to become the ____ in the hilar area.
gastroduodenal proper hepatic artery
97
The ____ merges with the ___ to form the CBD at the hilum of the liver
common hepatic duct cystic duct
98
At the hilum, the ____ vein enters the liver.
main portal vein
99
____ enter the liver at the hilum and ____ vessels exit at the hilum of the liver
nerves lymph vessels
100
The portal triad contains:
portal vein hepatic artery bile duct

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