URR 2 Flashcards
State and federal regulations prohibit the use of a patient’s ____ as an identifier on imaging exams.
social security number
The _____ is created by each facility to identify the specific patient
medical record number
____ frequency probes are used for thinner patients and superficial vessels.
higher
Extremity, neck, scrotum, and superficial exams use _____ probe
linear array
Abdominal exams used ____, ____, ____ probes.
phased array
curved array
vector array
Position the machine to allow your arm to be extended and abducted to a ____ degree with the wrist extended (NOT flexed)
minimal
Choose a seat that allows your knees to fall below the level of your ____; this aids in proper spine positioning and posture during the exam.
hips
Verify the patients ____ and ____ prior to starting the exam.
patient name
date of birth
When performing exams on inpatients, use the patient _____ to verify the patient name and MRN, NOT THE CHART.
wrist band
Optimal images on any type of abdominal vasculature exam require the patient to be NPO ____ prior to the exma
6-8
NPO status helps with:
reduction of bowel gas
allows gallbladder to fill with bile
decrease peristalsis in GI tract
10 examples of critical findings
emphysematous pyelonephritis
bacterial cholangitis
splenic artery aneurysm
fournier gangrene
testicular torsion
testicular rupture
aortic aneurysm >5.5 cm or suspected rupture
acute hematoma of an organ related to traumatic injury
pseudoaneurysm or active bleed
venous thrombosis or the hepatic veins, IVC, or iliac veins
RUQ
right upper quadrant
RLQ
right lower quadrant
LUQ
left upper quadrant
LLQ
left lower quadrant
Abdomen is divided by sagittal plane crossing through:
midline at umbilicus
Abdomen is divided by transverse plane crossing through the:
abdomen at level of umbilicus
Addison’s nine regions
right hypochondrium
epigastric
left hypochondrium
Right lumbar
umbilical
left lumbar
right iliac
hypogastric
left iliac
Right hypochondrium region contains:
liver, gallbladder, hepatic flexure of colon
Epigastric region contains:
pancreas, stomach, transverse colon
Left hypochondrium contains;
spleen, stomach, upper pole of left kidney
right lumbar region contains:
right kidney, ascending colon
Umbilical region contains:
transverse colon, small bowel
Left lumbar region contains:
left kidney (mid/lower poles), descending colon
Right iliac region contains:
ovary, seminal vesicle
Hypogastric region contains:
bladder, uterus, prostate, rectum, sigmoid
Left iliac region contains:
ovary, seminal vesicle
Planes used to evaluate organs/structures
transverse
sagittal
coronal
oblique
____, ____, and ____ positions are useful in evaluating the abdominal organs, especially the gallbladder
decubitus, oblique, erect
Suspected polyp in the gallbladder with patient supine, place patient in ____ position to evaluate the polyp for motion.
standing
Aortic bifurcation is “gassed out” from an anterior abdominal approach, roll patient into ___ or ___ position and use a lateral probe approach to angle behind the intestinal gas to visualize the aorta
oblique
decubitus
Right kidney is “gassed out” from an anterior abdominal approach, roll patient into _____ position for a coronal view of the right kidney
left decubitus
Suspected varicocele or inguinal hernia, ask the patient to ____ to fill the veins due to hydrostatic pressure and gravity effects on hernia
stand
Pregnant patients may need to be scanned in the _____ position to prevent the uterus from compressing vascular (IVC).
left lateral decubitus
Administration of ____ can be used to reduce gas in the stomach and the duodenum while providing an acoustic window to better visualize the pancreas and surrounding structures.
water
ultrasound evaluation used to enhance patient care during a specific encounter or procedure
point of care ultrasonography
focused evaluation used to answer a specific question
point of care ultrasonography
FAST evaluation
focused assessment with sonography in trauma
used to evaluate the abdomen for fluid or blood in trauma patients in the emergency room
FAST evaluation
FAST evaluation of heart probe placement
subxiphoid or parasternal
FAST evaluation of RUQ probe placement
midaxillary line between 8th and 12th rib
FAST evaluation of LUQ probe placement
midaxillary line between 8th and 12th rib
Cardiac POCUS evaluates for:
pericardial fluid and impaired function
cardiac motion with pulseless electrical activity
Severe fluid collection around heart can lead to _____ which requires immediate intervention
cardiac tamponade
Thorax POCUS is preferred over chest x-ray for diagnosis of:
pneumothorax
Normal pleural layers _______ during respiration
slide back and forth over each other
The ___ sign or ____ sign should be easily visible in normal patients
gliding
sliding
_____ artifacts should be visualized at the pleural interface and move with respiration
comet tail
Seashore sign
normal sliding during respiration gives the appearance of a sandy beach with rolling waves on M-mode
absent sliding causes parallel lines on M-mode that do not change with respiration indicative of pneumothorax and is the ____ sign
barcode
Vascular POCUS of aorta
aneurysm assessment
Vascular POCUS IVC
dilatation, respiratory collapse
Vascular POCUS helps show placement of:
vascular catheter
Vascular POCUS of extremity veins
thrombosis
A sonographer can discuss the patient exam results with:
A. the patient
B. the patient’s caregiver
C. the patient’s spouse
D. none of these
D
Which of the following patients should be NPO for their exam?
A. thyroid biopsy
B. renal duplex examination
C. Scrotal ultrasound
D. Breast biopsy
B
What is the proper order for putting on PPE?
gown, mask, goggles, gloves
What is the proper order for removing PPE?
gloves, goggles, gown, mask
MRSA requires _____ precautions and tuberculosis requires ____ precautions
contact, airborne
What is the purpose of HIPAA?
to require the protection and confidential handling of protected health information
An air-filled structure on a CT exam will be represented by what color on the image?
black
A bony structure on a CT exam will be represented by what color on the image?
white
Which of the following must be performed at the start of any procedure or ultrasound exam?
a. enter the patient’s social security number into the imaging equipment
b. ask the patient to sign an informed consent form for complications
c. ask the patient to wash their hands
d. confirm the patient identity
d
A hot nodule of nuclear medicine means:
the nodule demonstrated a rapid uptake of the radioactive tracer
If a stenosis is present on an angiography exam, how will it be displayed on the image?
an area of absence of contrast
Which of the following is a critical finding on an ultrasound exam?
a. fundal gallstone
b. 3cm AAA
c. testicular torsion
d. chronic cholecystitis
c
Which of the following exams would be improved by scanning the patient in the standing position?
a. scrotal varicocele
b. possible impacted gallstone
c. inguinal hernia
d. all of the above
d
Which of the following patients would benefit from a FAST examination?
a. patient with history of RUQ pain after eating
b. patient with abdominal bruit, weight loss, and post prandial pain
c. patient with history of abdominal pain after a fall from a ladder yesterday
d. patient with suspected prostate cancer
c
