Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ARDMS > ARRT abdomen 10 > Flashcards

ARRT abdomen 10 Flashcards

1
Q

hypokalemia

A

low potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

low potassium

A

hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hyperfunctioning medullary tumor of adrenal gland

A

pheochromocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

too much epinephrine and norepinephrine, like a constant adrenaline rush

A

pheochromocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Clinical symptoms of pheochromocytoma

A

uncontrollable hypertension
tachycardia
tremors
sweating
headaches
anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sonographic appearance of pheochromocytoma

A

large
hyperechoic
may be heterogeneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

____ is rare in adults and typically will present with Cushing syndrome

A

Adrenal carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ectopic or accessory adrenal tissue

A

Adrenal rests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Adrenal rests may be found on the _____

A

testicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

most common extracranial malignancy in pediatrics

A

neuroblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neuroblastoma is most common “extracranial” because it technically can be in any location as it is a _____ cancer.

A

nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The most common location of a neuroblastoma is:

A

adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neuroblastomas are typically found in children aged:

A

less than 5 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

clinical symptoms of neuroblastoma

A

palpable mass
pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neuroblastoma may be related to:

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sonographic appearance of neuroblastoma

A

large, heterogeneous mass
liver metastasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neuroblastoma is the most common _____ cancer in pediatrics.

A

EXTRACRANIAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nephroblastoma is the most common ____ cancer in pediatrics.

A

ABDOMINAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

______ is the most common abdominal cancer in pediatrics

A

nephroblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

most common adrenal pathology in newborns

A

adrenal hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

spontaneous hemorrhage in stressed neonates especially after traumatic birth or perinatal anoxia

A

adrenal hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

clinical symptoms of adrenal hemorrhage:

A

neonate
decreased hematocrit
drop in blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sonographic appearance of adrenal hemorrhage

A

varied echotexture depending on age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The abdominal aorta originates at the:

A

crus of the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The first branch of the abdominal aorta is:

A

celiac artery/axis/trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Celiac artery branches:

A

common hepatic artery
left gastric artery
splenic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

“seagull” sign

A

celiac trunk with common hepatic artery and splenic artery in transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Superior mesenteric artery arises ____ to celiac artery

A

inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Renal branches arise just below or distal to the:

A

superior mesenteric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The renal arteries are ____ to the renal veins

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The right renal artery is ____ to the IVC

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

innermost layer of artery, covered by endothelium

A

intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Thickest layer of the artery, made of smooth muscle and connective tissue, middle layer

A

media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

outer, fibrous connective tissue of the artery, contains vasa vasorum

A

externa/adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

3 layers of an artery

A

intima
media
externa/adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

tiny vessels that supply blood to vessel walls

A

vasa vasorum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Organs require ____ perfusion (flow)

A

constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Any artery feeding an organ will be ___ resistance

A

low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Low resistance means more ____ flow.

A

volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The greater the diastolic flow, the ____ the resistance.

A

lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The ___ diastolic flow, there is, the higher the pulsatility

42
Q

increased end diastolic velocity
decreased resistive index
decreased pulsatility index
decreased impedance

A

low resistance

43
Q

decreased end diastolic flow
diastolic flow reversal
absent diastole
increased resistive index
increased pulsatility index
increased impedance

A

high resistance

44
Q

Low resistance arteries (5)

A

celiac trunk
hepatic artery
splenic artery
renal arteries
post-prandial SMA

45
Q

High resistance arteries (3)

A

infrarenal aorta
iliac arteries
fasting/pre-prandial SMA

46
Q

AAA measures greater than

47
Q

True aneurysm

A

all 3 layers are dilated

48
Q

Most common AAA

49
Q

Most common location AAA

A

infrarenal

50
Q

Most common cause of AAA

A

atherosclerosis

51
Q

Clinical symptoms of AAA

A

abdominal/back pain
bounding abdominal pulsation

52
Q

Sonographic appearance of AAA

A

dilatation >3cm
may have internal thrombus

53
Q

overall vessel enlargement AAA

54
Q

most common type of AAA

55
Q

sac-like dilatation or outpouching of aorta

56
Q

AAA with high risk of rupture, critical report needed

57
Q

Normal iliac arteries measurement

A

1.0-1.2 cm

58
Q

True lumen measured ____ wall to ____ wall and ____ to axis of aorta

A

outer
outer
perpendicular

59
Q

separation or tear of intima from the medial layer aorta

A

aortic dissection

60
Q

weakening of walls of aorta
increased risk of aneurysms and dissections

A

Marfan Syndrome

61
Q

Clinical symptoms of aortic dissection

A

severe abdominal, chest, and back pain

62
Q

Sonographic appearance of aortic dissection

A

intimal flap or lining floating inside aorta

63
Q

puncture through all 3 layers creating a pulsating hematoma connected by a neck or channel to the native artery

A

pseudoaneurysm

64
Q

When do pseudoaneurysms often occur?

A

procedure or trauma

65
Q

Sonographic appearance of pseudoaneurysm

A

pocket of swirling blood with communicating neck or channel to artery
bidirectional flow/ to and fro pattern

66
Q

connection between artery and vein most often following trauma or interventional procedures

A

arteriovenous malformation/fistula

67
Q

flow patterns will be low resistance in the artery, high velocity/turbulent through the connection with arterial-like and pulsatile waveform of the outflow vein

A

arteriovenous malformation/fistula

68
Q

arterial obstruction in celiac trunk and SMA

A

mesenteric ischemia

69
Q

Signs of arterial stenosis

A

elevated velocities
spectral broadening

70
Q

Clinical symptoms of mesenteric ischemia

A

post-prandial pain
weight loss

71
Q

Sonographic signs of mesenteric ischemia

A

abnormal flow patterns
elevated velocities in CA or SMA
abnormal waveform resistance in post-prandial SMA
prominently seen IMA

72
Q

The IVC is formed by the union of:

A

common iliac veins

73
Q

The renal veins drain into the ___

74
Q

The left renal vein crosses ___ to the aorta and ____ to the SMA

A

anterior
posterior

75
Q

The most superior contribution to the IVC

A

hepatic veins

76
Q

The IVC terminates when draining into:

A

right atrium

77
Q

The normal IVC measures up to ___ cm and varies in size with respiration

78
Q

Venous flow becomes more ____ as it gets closer to the heart

79
Q

The ____ system is unrelated to the IVC system.

A

portal venous

80
Q

“playboy” sign

A

hepatic vein and IVC enlargement

81
Q

The IVC is considered enlarged if measures more than:

82
Q

IVC enlargement is caused by:

A

right sided heart failure

83
Q

IVC tumor thrombus is related to ____ or hypernephroma and _____ or nephroblastoma

A

renal cell carcinoma
Wilms tumor

84
Q

IVC tumor thrombus happens because of cancer invasion via:

A

renal veins

85
Q

venal caval filter or Greenfield tumor placed in ____ IVC

A

infrarenal

86
Q

reduces risk of pulmonary embolism in high risk patients

A

IVC filter

87
Q

Where do you look for Nutcracker syndrome?

A

left renal vein

88
Q

Where do you look for tardus parvus renal artery stenosis?

A

segmental artery

89
Q

Where do you look for post-prandial pain?

A

SMA or celiac

90
Q

Where do you look for solid renal mass?

A

IVC by the renal artery

91
Q

Where do you look for Greenfield filter?

A

IVC or infrarenal IVC

92
Q

Where do you put the calipers to measure for AAA?

A

outer borders perpendicular to axis of aorta

93
Q

_____ sonography useful in determining normal from abnormal bowel.

A

Graded compression

94
Q

GUT SIGNATURE inner to outer

A

superficial mucosa
deep mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

95
Q

Superficial mucosa sonographic appearance

96
Q

Deep mucosa sonographic appearance

A

hypoechoic

97
Q

Submucosa sonographic appearance

98
Q

Muscularis sonographic appearance

A

hypoechoic

99
Q

Serosa sonographic appearance

100
Q

inflammation of the vermiform appendix

A

acute appendicitis

ARDMS (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions