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ARRT abdomen 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Irritation, obstruction and back ups, and infections are associated with what part of the kidney?

A

collecting system

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2
Q

What lab values are abnormal with compromised renal function?

A

blood urea nitrogen
creatinine

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3
Q

elevated BUN/creatinine and other symptoms of poor renal function such as hypertension and decreased glomerular filtration rate

A

Azotemia

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4
Q

pyuria

A

pus

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5
Q

bacteriauria

A

bacteria

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6
Q

hematuria

A

blood

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7
Q

proteinuria

A

protein

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8
Q

Pyuria is indicated of:

A

infection

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9
Q

bacteriuria is indicative of:

A

infection

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10
Q

hematuria is indicative of:

A

damage (stones/tumor)

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11
Q

proteinuria is indicative of:

A

masses/infection

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12
Q

irritation of collecting system clinical symptoms

A

stones
pain
hematuria

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13
Q

obstruction of collecting system clinical symptoms

A

stones/tumor
pain
hematuria
dilated structures

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14
Q

acute -itis

A

infection

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15
Q

acute renal failure is also known as:

A

acute kidney injury

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16
Q

Most common cause of acute renal failure:

A

acute tubular necrosis

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17
Q

Clinical symptoms of acute renal failure include:

A

elevated BUN/creatinine
hypertension
oliguria
hypovolemia
edema

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18
Q

Sonographic features of acute kidney failure include:

A

initially normal
increased echogenicity of cortex

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19
Q

Most common cause of chronic renal failure is:

A

diabetes mellitus

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20
Q

Gradual decline in renal function due to damage of parenchyma

A

chronic renal failure

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21
Q

clinical signs of chronic renal failure include:

A

diabetes mellitus
elevated BUN/creatinine
hypertension
hyperkalemia

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22
Q

hyperkalemia

A

high potassium

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23
Q

Sonographic features of chronic kidney failure:

A

small, echogenic kidneys
cortical thickening (<10 mm)
may have small cysts
loss of corticomedullary differentiation

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24
Q

Cysts replace normal renal ____ which affects renal function.

A

parenchyma

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25
congenital renal condition found in neonates ONLY, if they survive to birth they will already be in renal failure
autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
26
autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is also known as:
infantile polycystic kidney disease
27
Clinical signs of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
elevated BUN/creatinine renal failure
28
Sonographic features of autosomal recessive PKD:
bilateral, enlarged, echogenic (microcystic) kidneys
29
congenital, develop cysts mid-age (30s)
autosomal dominant PKD
30
autosomal dominant PKD is also known as
Adult PKD
31
Gradual decline in renal function with cysts developing in mid 30s
autosomal dominant PKD
32
clinical symptoms of adult pkd
elevated BUN/creatinine poor renal function
33
sonographic features of autosomal dominant PKD
bilateral, enlarged cystic kidneys
34
Multicystic renal dysplasia is also known as:
multicystic dysplastic kidney disease
35
1 cystic kidney, congenital, if both kidneys cystic = fatal
multicystic renal dysplasia
36
clinical signs of multicystic renal dysplasia include:
none (unilateral condition)
37
Sonographic features of multicystic renal dysplasia:
unilateral cystic kidney compensatory hypertrophy of contralateral kidney
38
caused by chronic hemodialysis
acquired renal cystic disease
39
clinical symptoms of acquired renal cystic disease
diabetes mellitus elevated BUN/creatinine hypertension hyperkalemia
40
Sonographic features of acquired renal cystic disease
small, bright kidneys with small cysts
41
Neonates only bilateral big and bright kidneys elevated BUN/creatinine
ARPKD
42
found in adults bilateral big and cystic kidneys elevated BUN/creatinine
ADPKD
43
can be found in anyone unilateral big and cystic kidney normal labs
Multicystic renal dysplasia
44
Chronic renal failure/hemodialysis bilateral small/cystic kidneys elevated BUN/creatinine
Acquired renal cystic disease
45
most common renal mass
cyst
46
Complex cyst features
septations internal debris papillary projections
47
although NOT a renal condition, may cause multiple cysts in a variety of organs including the kidneys,
Von-Hippel Lindau
48
exo
outside
49
____ cysts project away from the kidney.
Exophytic
50
____ cysts arise from the cortex of the kidney
cortical
51
Larger ____ cysts will bulge outwards and distort the contour of the kidney.
cortical
52
Cysts adjacent to renal pelvis
parapelvic
53
____ cysts bulge inwards into renal pelvis
parapelvic
54
parApelvic cysts are located:
Adjacent to renal pelvis
55
Cysts that arise from inside of the renal pelvis
Peripelvic
56
____ cysts may mimic hydronephrosis or even cause it
peripelvic
57
perIpelvic cysts are located:
Inside of pelvis
58
angiomyolipomas are also known as:
hamartomas
59
most common benign renal tumor
angiomyolipoma
60
Angiomyolipomas are made up of ___, ___, and ____.
blood vessels muscle fat
61
Sonographic features of angiomyolipomas
echogenic well-circumscribed
62
If angiomyolipomas are found on bilateral kidneys it is:
tuberous sclerosis
63
Mesonephric blastoma is also known as a:
hamartoma
64
Most common benign renal tumor in pediatrics
mesonephric blastoma
65
tumor made of fat
lipoma
66
A ____ has a similar appearance to an angiomyolipoma
lipoma
67
second most common benign renal mass
oncocytomas
68
Oncocytomas are most commonly found in:
older men
69
A stellate (star) shaped central scar with vascularity
oncocytomas
70
benign version of renal cell carcinoma
adenoma
71
"bleed" from trauma, surgery, or lithotripsy
hematoma
72
An intraparenchymal hematoma is also known as:
renal fracture
73
hypoechoic hematoma located within the parenchyma of the kidney
intraparenchymal hematoma
74
A hematoma located around the capsule of the kidney
subcapsular hematoma
75
A hematoma found within the gerota fascia
Perinephric hematoma
76
A hematoma located on the anterior or posterior aspect of the kidney
pararenal hematoma
77
Clinical signs of a hematoma
trauma or biopsy history decreased hematocrit pain
78
Sonographic features of a hematoma
anechoic to echogenic depending on age old hematomas may calcify and shadow
79
accumulation of calcium in parenchyma
nephrocalcinosis
80
most common type on nephrocalcinosis
medullary nephrocalcinosis
81
happens when pyramids absorb too much calcium
medullary nephrocalcinosis
82
Acquired medullary nephrocalcinosis is caused by:
hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism
83
_____ control level of calcium in the blood
Parathyroids
84
An overactive parathyroid or adenoma leads to:
hypercalcemia
85
What part of the kidney absorbs calcium?
medullary pyramids
86
Congenital medullary nephrocalcinosis
medullary sponge kidney
87
Collecting tubules of pyramids are dysplastic eventually leading to calcium deposits
congenital medullary nephrocalcinosis
88
Sonographic appearance of medullary nephrocalcinosis
echogenic pyramids
89
calcium deposits (small echogenic foci) diffusely within the cortex
cortical nephrocalcinosis
90
Key symptoms of infection when acute or active:
fever leuko pain
91
pyelo=
pelvis
92
infection of the collecting system
acute pyelonephritis
93
most common cause of acute pyelonephritis:
ascending UTI from the bladder
94
Infection that started in the bladder, traveled up through the ureters, and now in kidney
pyelonephritis
95
Clinical symptoms of pyelonephritis include:
bacteriauria pyuria dysuria flank/back pain fever
96
Sonographic signs of pyelonephritis:
initially normal, may have regions of altered echogenicity
97
Complications of pyelonephritis include:
pyonephrosis perinephric abscess emphysematous pyelonephritis
98
pus, or purulent material, dilating the collecting system
pyonephrosis
99
focal collection of pus adjacent to kidney
perinephric abscess
100
emphysema =
air

ARDMS (56 decks)

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