Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ARDMS > URR 29 > Flashcards

URR 29 Flashcards

1
Q

Phlegmon is also known as:

A

focal pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most common type of thrombosis related to acute pancreatitis complications

A

splenic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

if extrapancreatic juices are in contact with arterial vessels they can erode the wall causing _____ (aneurysm) or ____ (pseudoaneurysm)

A

weakness
leakage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A dilated biliary system in acute pancreatitis is due to:

A

extrinsic compression at pancreas head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inflammation from acute pancreatitis can be seen in the _____, ____, and the _____

A

anterior pararenal spaces
perirenal spaces
transverse mesocolon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In ___ of cases of acute pancreatitis, the pancreas appears normal

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acute pancreatitis focal involvement

A

usually restricted to the head and causes biliary ductal dilatation and Courvoisier gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acute pancreatitis diffuse involvement

A

uniformly hypoechoic gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Common complication of acute pancreatitis

A

pseudocyst formation in the lesser sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_____ ultrasound is useful in evaluating possible ductal stones

A

Endoscopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fatty liver disease can cause the pancreas to appear hypoechoic due to sound attenuation in the liver

A

pseudopancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hemorrhagic pancreatitis is caused by ____ and ___

A

alcoholism
trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pancreatic enzymes escape into glandular tissue; enzymes cause areas of fat necrosis and ruptured vessels; leads to inflammation and bleeding

A

hemorrhagic pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a hemorrhagic discoloration of the umbilical area caused by intraperitoneal hemorrhage

A

Cullen sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hemorrhagic discoloration of the left flank caused by acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

A

Grey Turner sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

diffuse enlargement of gland; decreased echogenicity; periglandular fluid; phlegmon

A

hemorrhagic pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

irreversible type of pancreatitis

A

chronic pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fibrosis, stones, permanent damage to cells; decreased pancreatic secretion

A

chronic pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

____ and ____ may develop as a complication with chronic pancreatitis

A

jaundice
diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

1 cause due to recurrent bouts of inflammation to the pancreas

A

alcohol abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Chronic pancreatitis is more common in ___

A

males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

With chronic pancreatitis ____ or _____ may be visualized

A

pseudocysts
thrombosis of splenic/portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Patients with chronic pancreatitis are at an increased risk for:

A

pancreatic malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lab values chronic pancreatitis

A

not helpful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
hallmark sign of chronic pancreatitis
dilated pancreatic duct
26
calcifications in the gland or stone formation in the duct; may be decreased in size; hyperechoic, heterogeneous pancreas with an irregular outline
chronic pancreatitis
27
____ is common with isolated gastric varices in chronic pancreatitis
splenic vein thrombosis
28
forms in the pancreas due to neighboring infections; fever, pain; increased WBC
pancreatic abscess
29
Sonographic appearance of pancreatic abscess
complex cystic mass thick, irregular walls debris ring down artifacts from air produced in an abscess caused by bacterial infection
30
What is the most common congenital anomaly of the pancreas that typically causes pancreatitis? a. annular pancreas b. pancreas divisum c. cystic fibrosis d. ectopic pancreas
b
31
What pancreatic abnormality is an autosomal recessive disorder that causes the pancreas to secrete thick mucous? a. annular pancreas b. pancreas divisum c. cystic fibrosis d. ectopic pancreas
c
32
What is a common complication of cystic fibrosis? a. markedly increased amylase and lipase production b. meconium ileus c. markedly enlarged pancreas tail d. mucocele of the appendix
b
33
A stone in the pancreatic duct in the body of the gland will cause which of the following to dilate? a. cystic duct b. common hepatic duct c. duct of wirsung d. all the above
c
34
Fecal testing can be used to assess a patient for which of the following? a. pancreatitis b. inflammatory bowel disease c. celiac disease d. all the above
d
35
What pancreatic enzyme levels increase first with acute pancreatitis? a. amylase b. lipase c. trypsin d. insulin
a
36
Pseudocyst, pseudoaneurysm, and phlegmon formation are associated with: a. chronic pancreatitis b. acute pancreatitis c. annular pancreas d. autosomal dominant polycystic disease
b
37
Vascular structures of which organ are most commonly affected by leaking of the pancreatic enzymes outside the gland? a. liver b. kidney c. spleen d. adrenal
c
38
What liver abnormality causes a false positive diagnosis of acute pancreatitis? a. steatosis b. portal HTN c. autosomal dominant polycystic disease d. cystic fibrosis
a
39
What lab values can be used to differentiate acute pancreatitis and hemorrhagic pancreatitis? a. amylase b. hematocrit c. lipase d. sodium bicarbonate
b
40
Alcohol abuse is the most common cause of which pancreatic abnormalities? a. acute and chronic pancreatitis b. chronic and hemorrhagic pancreatitis c. acute and hemorrhagic pancreatitis d. annular pancreas and pancreatic divisum
b
41
What is the hallmark sign of chronic pancreatitis on ultrasound? a. macrocalcifications b. enlarged hypoechoic gland c. periglandular fluid d. dilated pancreatic ductal system
d
42
A true cyst has:
epithelial lining
43
True pancreatic cysts are most commonly found in the ____ and ___
head body
44
True pancreatic cysts are associated with ___ and ____
autosomal dominant polycystic disease Von Hippel Lindau syndrome
45
Most common lesion seen with VHL disease
true pancreatic cyst
46
Multiple pancreatic cysts are more common in ____ than in ____
VHL disease ADPKD
47
sonographic appearance of simple pancreatic cysts
round, anechoic structure; posterior enhancement; thin walls
48
rare genetic disorder characterized by visceral cysts, renal and pancreatic cysts, benign masses, and the potential for malignant transformation of the cysts in multiple organ systems
Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome
49
Von Hippel Lindau is commonly associated with ____, ____, _____, and ____
renal and pancreatic cysts renal cell carcinomas pheochromocytomas islet cell tumors
50
_____ are the most common type of lesion in VHL syndrome
Pancreatic cysts
51
seen in patients born with biliary atresia
Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome
52
attempt of the body to wall off pancreatic juices
pseudocyst
53
The "wall" of a pseudocyst consists of ___ and ____ tissue
fibrous granulation
54
Pseudocysts are caused by ___, ____, ____, or ____
trauma carcinoma chronic pancreatitis acute pancreatitis
55
#1 cause of pancreatic pseudocyst
acute pancreatitis
56
Pseudocysts are __X more common than true cysts in the pancreas
9
57
Pancreatic pseudocysts are most commonly found within the _____ and also in the ____
lesser peritoneal sac (omental bursa) anterior pararenal space
58
Pancreatic pseudocysts can dilate the ____
pancreatic duct
59
Lab values associated with pseudocysts
Increased trypsin, amylase, and lipase
60
Clinical symptoms of pseudocyst
fever pain nausea vomiting
61
Pseudocysts may be associated with ____ and ____
splenic artery aneurysm splenic vein thrombosis
62
Pseudocysts are usually treated by ___, ____, or ____
surgery endoscopic drainage percuteaneous drainage
63
islet cell tumors are also called:
pancreatic endocrine tumors
64
most common benign tumor of the pancreas
islet cell tumors
65
Islet cell tumors is usually a ____functioning tumor
hyper
66
_____ are usually diagnosed at a small size due to clinical symptoms related to hyperfunction
islet cell tumors
67
Lab testing associated with islet cell tumors
increased amylase and associated hormones with tumor type
68
Islet cell tumors are most common in patients age __-__ years
40 60
69
Islets cell tumors are composed of abnormal ___ cells
beta
70
Islet cell tumors most commonly present within the pancreas ___ and ___
body tail
71
most common type of islet cell tumor
insulinoma
72
Hyperinsulinism =
hypoglycemia
73
Islet cell tumors associated with ____ syndrome
Von Hippel Landua
74
2nd most common type of islet cell tumor
gastrinoma
75
Gastrinomas secretes the hormone ____ which causes the overproduction of ____
gastrin gastric acid
76
Gastrinomas are associated with ___, ___, and ____
peptic ulcers MEN syndrome Zollinger Ellison Syndrome
77
About ___ of all gastrinoma tumors undergo malignant transformation
2/3
78
Sonographic appearance of islet cell tumor
solid hypoechoic mass within parenchyma, well circumscribed, may have cystic areas, <3 cm diameter
79
patient suffers from multiple abnormalities of different portions of endocrine system
multiple endocrine neoplasm syndrome
80
Tumors associated with multiple endocrine neoplasm syndrome
ganglioneuromatosis pituitary adenoma medullary cancer of the thyroid parathyroid adenoma islet cell tumors pheochromocytoma renal cell carcinoma
81
Formation of one or more gastrinomas of the pancreas or duodenum
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
82
Tumors secrete large amounts of gastrin which stimulates acid production in the stomach
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
83
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome causes severe ____
peptic ulcers
84
benign tumor of beta cells; may develop in duct causing obstruction
adenoma
85
Lab testing associated with adenoma
increased amylase increased lipase also with ductal obstruction caused by mass
86
Sonographic appearance of pancreatic adenoma
solid mass posterior enhancement varying echogenicity
87
serous cystic neoplasm usually found in pancreatic body and tail
serous cystadenoma
88
cysts less than 2cm; if cysts are tiny, mass can be hyperechoic to pancreas parenchyma with increased through transmission; always benign
microcystic serous cystadenoma
89
Cysts over 2 cm; strong risk for malignant conversion into cystadenocarcinoma
Macrocystic serous cystadenoma
90
Serous cystadenomas are more common in:
women
91
Lab testing associated with serous cystadenoma
increased serum amylase
92
Serous cystadenomas are associated with ____
Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome
93
Sonographic findings of serous cystadenomas
cluster of grape-like cysts external lobulation thick walls papillary projections septations calcifications posterior enhancement
94
benign tumors that contain mucinous material; usually larger than serous cystadenomas; have greater potential for malignant transformation than serous cystadenoma; loculated cystic masses with debris and calcifications
mucinous cystadenoma
95
3rd leading cause of death from cancer
pancreatic cancer
96
Pancreatic cancer is usually seen in patients older than ___ years old
60
97
Survival time of pancreatic cancer
2-3 months
98
70% of pancreatic cancer tumors occur in the ____
head of the pancreas
99
Tumors of the ____ offer better prognosis because diagnosis is made earlier as symptoms begin earlier than with a ___ mass
head tail
100
best modality to stage pancreatic cancer and evaluate progression
CT

ARDMS (63 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions