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ARRT Abdomen 14 Flashcards

1
Q

The ejaculatory duct travels to the prostate where it meets with the urethra at the _____

A

Verumontanum

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2
Q

4 prostatic zones

A

Peripheral
Central
Transitional
Anterior fibromuscular stroma

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3
Q

Largest prostatic zone

A

Peripheral

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4
Q

Posterior and apical zone of prostate

A

Peripheral

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5
Q

2nd largest zone of prostate

A

Central

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6
Q

Prostatic zone located at base (superior)

A

Central

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7
Q

Prostatic zone located on both sides of urethra

A

Transitional

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8
Q

Prostatic zone that covers anterior

A

Anterior fibromuscular stroma

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9
Q

Sonographic appearance of seminal vesicles

A

Small and hypoechoic

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10
Q

The seminal vesicles are seen ____ to the bladder

A

Posterior

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11
Q

The seminal vesicles are seen ____ to the base of the prostate

A

Superior

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12
Q

The prostate is located ____ ____ to bladder

A

Posterior
Inferior

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13
Q

The prostate ____ is located closest to bladder

A

Base

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14
Q

The ___ of the prostate is often shadowed by the pubic bone.

A

Apex

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15
Q

The normal volume of the prostate

A

Up to 30 ml

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16
Q

Volume equation for prostate

A

L x W x H x 0.52

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17
Q

The zone closest to the transducer footprint in transrectal coronal plane of prostate

A

Peripheral

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18
Q
A
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19
Q

The zone closest to transducer footprint in transrectal Sagittal plane of prostate

A

Peripheral

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20
Q

In transrectal Sagittal plane of the prostate the ____ is inferior or to the right

A

Apex

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21
Q

In transrectal Sagittal plane of the prostate the ____ is superior or to the left

A

Base

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22
Q

Enlargement of the prostate

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

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23
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is most often found in the ____ zone

A

Transitional

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24
Q

Since the transitional zone surrounds the ____, in benign prostatic hyperplasia, it will compress it causing symptoms like urinary difficulty.

A

Urethra

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25
Clinical signs of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Elevated PSA Urinary frequency/urgency Incomplete emptying of bladder
26
Sonographic appearance of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Volume >30ml May indent into bladder with thickened irregular walls Prostatic calcifications Large post void residual PVR
27
Most common cancer in men
Prostate
28
Most common location of prostatic cancer
Peripheral zone
29
Clinical signs of prostatic cancer
Elevated PSA Hematuria Hematospermia Blood in semen Back/hip pain
30
Sonographic appearance of prostate cancer
Hypoechoic lesion in peripheral zone
31
Inflammation/infection of prostate
Prostatitis
32
Largest and apex Closest to TR transducer Prostate cancer zone
Peripheral zone
33
Near urethra Makes prostate huge BPH zone
Transitional zone
34
Base/superior of prostate No specific disease
Central zone
35
Several bright, false echoes deep to real reflector
Reverberation/comet tail/ring down artifact
36
May falsify membrane or intimal flap within vessel
Reverberation/comet tail/ring down artifact
37
Micocalcifications is an example of what artifact
Reverberation/comet tail/ring down artifact
38
Gas bubbles may cause what kind of artifact
Reverberation/comet tail/ring down artifact
39
A foreign body may produce what kind of artifact?
Reverberation/comet tail/ring down artifact
40
A biopsy needle may cause what kind of artifact?
Reverberation/comet tail/ring down artifact
41
Reverberation/comet tail/ring down artifact usually helpful or not helpful
Helpful
42
Severe attenuation seen as dark band deep to highly reflecting object
Posterior shadowing
43
What artifact is associated with stones?
Posterior shadowing
44
What artifact is associated with bony structures?
Posterior shadowing
45
Lack is attenuation seen as brighter area posterior to fluid filled structures
Posterior enhancement
46
What artifact is associated with cysts?
Posterior enhancement
47
What artifact is associated with abscesses?
Posterior enhancement
48
What artifact is associated with hematomas?
Posterior enhancement
49
Copy of echoes deep to real anatomy/secular reflector
Mirror image
50
Mirror image helpful or not helpful
Not helpful
51
How to correct mirror image artifact
Change scanning angle
52
Examples of mirror image artifact
Liver/diaphragm Aorta
53
False expires placed laterally within anechoic structures
Side/grating lobes
54
Side/grating lobes helpful or not helpful
Not helpful
55
How to fix side/grating lobes
Adjusted gains, dynamic range, or apply harmonics
56
False septation in gallbladder or cyst is an example of what artifact?
Side/grating lobes
57
Best for smooth interfaces such as visualizing a vessel wall or biopsy needle
90 degrees or perpendicular image angle
58
Transducer frequency choice is determined by:
Study type Focus Patient body habitus
59
Transducer choice superficial imaging
High frequency linear 9-12MHz
60
Transducer choice when more penetration needed
Low frequency curved array 2-6 MHz
61
Scale color on top
Positive Blood flow towards the probe
62
Scale color on bottom
Negative Flow away from probe
63
Proper size of box color Doppler
Just cover ROI
64
Adjust ____ to fit toe of flow being evaluated
Scale
65
Adjust _____ so color fills in vessel and doesn’t “bleed”
Color gain
66
Velocity scale is also known as
Pulse repetition frequency (PRF)
67
Decrease scale to evaluate _____ flow
Slow
68
Increase scale when _____ is present
Aliasing
69
Filters ___ frequency / ____ amplitude
Low High
70
_____wall filler when not sensitive enough
Decrease
71
Gain it’s used for _____ only.
Fine tuning
72
Before adjusting gain, adjust ____ and ____
Scale Wall filter
73
____ gain to enhance strength of Doppler signal
Increase
74
_____ gain if bleeding out of vessel
Decrease
75
Power Doppler should only be used when:
Interested in presence of flow
76
Benefits of power Doppler
Very sensitive to slow flow
77
Limitation of power Doppler
No direction information
78
High scale is used with _____ flow
High velocity
79
Renal arteries have _____ flow
High velocity
80
The aorta has _____ flow
High velocity
81
The celiac /SMA have _____ flow
High velocity
82
Low velocity flow has a ___ scale and ____ wall filter
Low Low
83
Internal parenchymal flow is _____ flow
Low velocity
84
____ scale and ____ wall filter should be used to rule out testicular torsion
Low Low
85
____ scale and ____ wall filter are used to evaluate flow in intussesception
Low Low

ARDMS (63 decks)

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