ARRT abdomen 1 Flashcards
anterior/superficial
towards front/closer on top
towards front/closer on top
anterior/superficial
posterior/deep
towards back/closer to bottom
towards back/closer to bottom
posterior/deep
superior/cephalad
towards head
towards head
superior/cephalad
inferior/caudal
towards feet
towards feet
inferior/caudal
medial
closer to middle
closer to middle
medial
lateral
closer to sides
closer to sides
lateral
proximal
closer to origination
closer to origination
proximal
distal
closer to termination
closer to termination
distal
What is the top of the screen in sagittal plane?
anterior
What is to the right of the screen in sagittal plane?
inferior
What is to the left of the screen in sagittal plane?
superior
What is at the bottom of the screen in sagittal?
posterior
What is to the top of the screen in transverse plane?
anterior
What is to the right of the screen in transverse plane?
left lateral
What is to the right of the screen in transverse plane?
right lateral
What is the middle of the screen in transverse plane?
medial
What is to the bottom of the screen in transverse plane?
posterior
closed sac containing major internal organs
peritoneum
What is the peritoneum?
closed sac containing major internal organs
“inside” the peritoneum
intraperitoneal
Intraperitoneal organs are covered by a ____ peritoneum and ____ peritoneum
visceral
parietal
Parietal peritoneum
outer sac
outer sac in the peritoneum
parietal peritoneum
Organ’s “skin”
visceral peritoneum
larger space
greater sac
greater sac
larger space
The lesser sac is also known as the:
omental bursa
The lesser sac is located between the ____ and _____
pancreas
stomach
spaces that can collect fluid
intraperitoneal cavities
free fluid found in the intraperitoneal cavities
ascites
Ascites is free fluid found in the :
intraperitoneal cavities
Exudate ascites
malignant
malignant ascites
exudate
benign ascites
transudate
transudate ascites
benign
abdominal intraperitoneal spaces
subphrenic
subhepatic
lesser sac
paracolic gutters
inferior to diaphragm, between diaphragm/liver and diaphragm/spleen
subphrenic space
The subphrenic space is inferior to the :
diaphragm
The subphrenic space is between the diaphragm and the ___ and ____
liver
spleen
inferior to liver
subhepatic space
The subhepatic space is located:
inferior to liver
The right posterior subhepatic space is also called:
Morison’s pouch
Morison’s pouch is located:
between the liver and right kidney
space between pancreas and stomach
lesser sac
The lesser sac is located between the ____ and the ____
pancreas
stomach
areas located on lateral sides of abdomen, next to colon
paracolic gutters
The paracolic gutters are located ______, next to ____
lateral sides of abdomen, colon
Pelvic intraperitoneal cavities
retropubic space
anterior cul-de-sac
posterior cul-de-sac
space located anterior to the:
bladder
The retropubic space is also known as:
space of Retzius
The retropubic space is located:
anterior to bladder
space between bladder and uterus
anterior cul-de-sac
The anterior cul-de-sac is located:
between bladder and uterus
Pelvic intraperitoneal cavity that does not exist in males
anterior cul-de-sac
space located between uterus and rectum in females
posterior cul-de-sac
The posterior cul-de-sac is located between the ____ and ___ in females
uterus
rectum
Space located between the bladder and rectum in males
posterior cul-de-sac
The posterior cul-de-sac is the space located between the ___ and ____ in males
bladder
rectum
organs under the peritoneum
retroperitoneum
Retroperitoneal organs are covered ____ by peritoneum
anteriorly
Retroperitoneal organs are covered anteriorly by:
peritoneum
4 retroperitoneal cavities
anterior pararenal space
perirenal space
posterior pararenal space
great vessel compartment
Retroperitoneal space that includes the pancreas, duodenum, ascending and descending colon, and lympha
anterior pararenal space
The anterior pararenal space includes the ____, _____, _____, and ____
pancreas
duodenum
ascending and descending colon
lymph
retroperitoneal space that includes the kidney, adrenal glands, and ureter
perirenal space
The perirenal space includes the ____, _____, and ____
kidney
adrenal glands
ureter
retroperitoneal space that includes fat
posterior pararenal space
The posterior pararenal space includes ____
fat
retroperitoneal space that includes the IVC, aorta, and lymph nodes
great vessel compartment
The great vessel compartment includes the ____, ____, and _____
IVC
aorta
lymph nodes
____ pathology is all over, throughout the organ, affects organ’s cells, will have abnormal labs
diffuse
Diffuse pathology
all over throughout the organ, will have abnormal labs because affecting organs cells
Affected organ ____ = affected organ ____ = abnormal labs
cells
function
cysts/tumors, do not necessarily affect organ function = asymptomatic
focal/ benign pathology
focal/benign pathology
cysts/tumors, do not necessarily affect organ function = asymptomatic
What is the exception of a focal tumor that will have abnormal labs?
functional endocrine tumors
ACTIVE infection, fever, leukocytosis, pain
acute -itis
acute - itis
ACTIVE infection, fever, leukocytosis, pain
-itis
infection
no symptoms of infection, will show organ damage
chronic -itis
chronic -itis
no symptoms of infection, show organ damage
organs with ducts or collecting systems that have blockages
obstruction
What is an obstruction?
a blockage in an organ with ducts or collecting systems
Obstruction can occur in the ____, ____, _____, and ____ areas.
gallbladder
biliary
pancreas
urinary
Symptoms of obstruction
pain
elevated labs/enzymes (whatever is backing up)
What does obstruction look like on sonography?
dilated tubes above (proximal) to the blockage.
Obstruction will show dilated tube ______ to the blockage.
above (proximal)
Trauma =
bleeding
Causes of trauma include ____, _____, _____, _____, ____.
hemorrhage
hematoma
rupture
laceration
fracture
_____ pathology includes hemorrhage, hematoma, rupture, laceration, or fracture.
trauma
decreased hematocrit or hemoglobin, dropping blood pressure, history of trauma or surgery
signs of trauma pathology
The liver is _____ except for the bare area
intraperitoneal
