Urinary System (Exam 2) Flashcards
Urinary + Reproductive Systems combined term
urogenital system
Function of kidneys
produce urine
Function of ureters
actively transport urine –> bladder
Function of urinary bladder
urine storage + expulsion
Function of urethra
tube urine is voided through
Kidney is considered _____ because the peritoneum is only on part of the organ– covered (dorsally/ventrally) NOT (dorsally/ventrally).
retroperitoneal
ventrally
not dorsally
Right kidney is located between ____ and ____.
vertebral body of last thoracic vertebra
first 2 lumbar vertebrae
Right kidney is against which lobe of the liver?
caudate process of caude lobe
Which kidney is further cranial?
right kidney
Which species has symmetrical kidneys (at same level)?
pig
Left kidney is located opposite of what?
first 3 vertebral bodies
(Medial/lateral) border of kidney is concave & smooth while the (medial/lateral) border is indented.
lateral
medial
Term for indentation where vessels enter & exit out of kidney
hilus
Space in kidney hilus leads into w/ fat + vessels/nerve branches
renal sinus
What holds the kidney in place?
renal fascia (CT) + adipose capsule
____ is the thick adipose capsule in pigs/cows that is bought for birds/roasts.
suet
Kidney has a ____ capsule made of what 2 tissues?
DICCT + smooth muscle
Gross anatomic subunit of kidney
renal lobe
Another name for medulla within the renal lobe of the kidney
pyramid
(Papilla/base) of kidney is toward cortex, while (papilla/base) of kidney is the apex.
base
papilla
Pointed end of kidney where urine is discharged
papilla (papillary ducts open)
Term for cortical tissue along side + between pyramids
renal columns
In dog/cat/horse/small ruminants, papillae of the kidney fuse to form _____.
renal crest
Openings of papillary ducts on papilla or renal crest
area cribrosa
What is unilobar kidney?
appearance of one lobe b/c papillae fuse to form renal crest
What is multilobar kidney? What 2 species have them?
see individual “papillae” of individual lobes
ox + pig
(T/F) Renal A comes directly off aorta.
True
What is the “end artery” concept
Renal Aa are end arteries
NO significant collateral circulation (die if obstructed)
Bloods supply that branches in hilus before entering sinus & passes between lobes
interlobar Aa
Last arteries seen macroscopically. At corticomedullary junction, interlobar Aa branch –> _____.
arcuate Aa
Blood from kidney drains –> ____ –> caudal vena cava.
Renal Vv
(T/F) Blood from kidney drains to portal vein.
False!
Which veins are prominent below the fibrous capsule in the feline and drain on surface?
capsular Vv
What is different about the equine kidneys?
L vs. R shaped differently
Left: normal “bean” shape
Right: “heart” shaped (longer lateral dimension than cranial/caudal)
Where should you take a renal biopsy? Why?
cortex (smaller vessels)
NOT medulla (large arteries)
Expanded end of ureter sitting in renal sinus
pelvis
Which domestic mammals doesn’t have a renal pelvis?
bovine
The pig has a renal pelvis but not _____.
pelvic recesses (branches of pelvis)
Branches of renal pelvis extend between sides of renal pyramids
pelvic recesses
Transitional epithelial lined tube/spaces in the horse kidney
terminal recesses
Some papillary ducts in the horse open onto renal crest, while some open into _____.
terminal recesses
In the ox, the ureter divides into 2 _____ and each divides into multiple _____ which go inside papilla where urine is collected.
major calices
minor calices
In the pig, off each end of the _____ has major calix and minor calices off each major which go into each renal papillae where urine is collected.
renal pelvis
Ureter functions to transport urine by ______ to urinary bladder.
peristalsis
2 parts of ureter
abdominal part
pelvic part
Blood supply to ureter
ureteric branch of renal A
ureteric branch of caudal vesical A
Urinary bladder has an apex (cranial, rounded end) also called:
vertex
3 main parts of urinary bladder
- apex
- body
- neck
What 3 things make up the trigone of the urinary bladder?
2 openings of L + R ureters, internal urethral ostium
Two ureteric folds (L+R) extend into dorsal wall of urethra which forms:
urethra crest
2 supporting ligaments of urinary bladder
median ligament
lateral ligaments
Median ligament may contain remnant of _____.
urachus
Lateral ligaments of the urinary bladder make up the _____.
round ligaments
Blood supply to bladder (2)
cranial vesical A
Caudal vesical A
What is main blood supply to bladder?
cranial vesical A
2 lymph nodes of kidney + ureters
renal Ln
lumbar aortic Lnn
2 lymph nodes of urinary bladder
medial iliac Lnn
deep inguinal (iliofemoral) Lnn
Which Lnn are located near terminal bifurcation of aorta where lymph from bladder drains?
medial iliac Lnn
Which Lnn drain lymph from bladder, pelvic part of ureter, and proximal urethra?
deep inguinal (iliofemoral) Lnn
