Male Reproductive System (Exam 3) Flashcards
What are the 3 male genital organs?
- testis
- epididymis
- ductus deferens
What are the 4 accessory genital glands?
- ampulla of ductus deferens
- prostate
- vesicular gland
- bulbourethral gland
What are the 3 external genitalia of the male?
- penis
- male urethra
- scrotum
The testis has both an exocrine function, to produce _______, and endocrine function, to produce _______.
spermatozoa
testosterone
Part of the testis where the epididymis attaches
epididymal border
Pole of testis where head of epididymis attaches
head extremity
Pole of testis where tail of epididymis attaches
tail extremity
The stroma (supportive framework of testis) is made up of what 3 structures?
- tunica albuginea
- septula
- mediastinum
What is the center “island” of connective tissue in the testis?
mediastinum
What are the thin walls of connective tissue that connect the tunica albuginea with the mediastinum and divides the parenchyma of the testis into lobules?
septula
What are the main structures within the parenchyma of the testis? What occurs here?
convoluted seminiferous tubules
sperm production
Term for network of tubules in the mediastinum
rete testis
Where spermatozoa flow through from the rete testis to head of epididymis
efferent ductules
Give the order of flow of spermatozoa in the testis
- convoluted seminiferous tubules
- straight seminiferous tubules
- rete testis
- efferent ductules
Term for fold of serous membrane connecting epididymis tail with tail of testis
proper ligament of testis
Term for ligament that attaches tail of epididymis to parietal layer of vaginal tunic
ligament of tail of epididymis
Term for ligament that connects parietal layer to scrotum
scrotal ligament
What species have the scrotum ventral to anus and testes oriented so the tail of the epididymis points dorsally?
pig + cat
Which species have testes horizontally in the scrotum and the tail of the epididymis points caudally?
dog + horse
Which species have testes oriented vertically in the scrotum and the tail of the epididymis ventral while the head of the epididymis is dorsal?
ruminants
What is the function of the epididymis?
storage + maturation of spermatozoa
(T/F) The sperm in the efferent ductules of the epididymis are structurally immature and cannot fertilize.
False - structurally mature but cannot fertilize
Once spermatozoa are in the tail of the epididymis, they are capable of ______.
fertilization
Testicular bursa is the space between _____ and ____.
body of epididymis + testis
The efferent ductules in the epididymis joint as a single duct called _______.
duct of the epididymis (ductus epididymidis)
The duct of the epididymis continues as the _______.
ductus deferens
Function of ductus deferens
transport spermatozoa to pelvic part of urethra
The ______ of the ductus deferens is an enlargement due to the increase in wall thickness from presence of glands.
ampulla
The ampulla of the ductus deferens is absent in what 2 species?
cat + pig
Function of accessory genital glands
produce fluid part of ejaculate
The diffuse part of the prostate gland in the wall of the pelvic part of the urethra is called:
disseminate part of prostate
Match species to parts of the prostate:
- yes body, no disseminate part
- no body, yes disseminate part
- small body, yes disseminate part
- yes body, poorly developed disseminate part
- horse
- sheep + goat
- ox + pig
- carnivores
In the human and stallion, the vesicular glands is also called ________. Why?
seminal vesicles
big lumen like bladder (unlike compactness in other species)
The glands in the walls of the vesicular gland secrete _______ to nourish sperm in the female reproductive tract.
fructose
The vesicular gland is located lateral to what structure?
ampulla of ductus deferens
Which species do not have a vesicular gland?
carnivores (dogs/cats)
Function of bulbourethral gland
produce thin, clear mucus to lubricate urethra before ejaculation
Where is the bulbourethral gland located?
where urethra enters bulb of penis
The bulbourethral is covered by (smooth/skeletal) muscle called ________ M.
skeletal
bulboglandularis M
The bulbourethral gland is absent in the _____, while present in the ____.
dog
cat
Where does the root of the penis attach?
ischial bones (hips)
The root of the penis has 2 _____ on either side of what structure?
crura
ischiatic tuberosity
Each crus of the root of the penis is covered by _______ muscles.
ischiocavernosus
What is the function of the ischiocavernosus muscles?
restrict venous drainage to accumulate blood during erection
The bulb of the penis is covered by _______ muscle.
bulbospongiosus M
Function of bulbospongiosus M
propulsive/contractile force to propel spermatozoa out
Which nerves innervate the ischiocavernosus + bulbospongiosus Mm?
caudal rectal N + pudendal N
What is different about the bulbospongiosus M in the stallion?
goes all the way down to gland penis to urethra for lots of contractile force
the root of the penis continues as _______ in the body of the penis which surrounds the urethra.
corpus spongiosum penis
Each crus at the root of the penis continues as the ________ in the body of the penis.
corpus cavernosum penis
Corpus cavernosum penis is covered by ________.
tunica albuginea
The corpus spongiosum penis from the body continues as _________ in the glans penis.
corpus spongiosum glandis
(T/F) The corpus cavernosum in the body of the penis continues as the corpus cavernosum glandis in the glans penis.
False - ends at the body
In ruminants and the pig, the penis is considered _______ while it is considered ________ in the horse.
fibroelastic
musculocavernous
Explain why the ruminants/pig have a “fibroelastic” penis.
penis straightens due to relaxation of retractor penis M and pressure allows sigmoid flexure to straight –> erection
Explain why the horse has a “musculocavernous” penis.
cavernous spaces fill and increase pressure which leads to erection/elongation
Straightening of the _______ in the penis of ruminants and the pig causes erection.
sigmoid flexure
Term for projection of urethra at the distal end of the penis
urethral process
Which two species have very prominent urethral processes?
sheep + goat
The _____ has a very short urethral process, while the ____ and ____ do not have one.
dog
cat + pig
The urethral sinus empties into the _______.
fossa glandis
The fossa glandis is also called ________. Why?
“bean of the penis”
build-up of hardened epithelial secretions
2 parts of the male urethra
pelvic part
penile part
Term for extension of urethra in ruminants and the pig that can cause issue with placing a urinary catheter.
urethral recess
