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Large Animal Anatomy > Perineum & Pelvis (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Perineum & Pelvis (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Portion of body wall covering the pelvic outlet (or caudal pelvic aperture)

A

perineum

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2
Q

The perineal body in the male is between ______ and _____.

A

anal canal
bulb of penis

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3
Q

The perineal body in the female is between ______ and ______.

A

anus
vulva

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4
Q

Match which structure is present in each boundary of the perineal region:

dorsal
lateral
ventral (male & female)

A

dorsal: base of tail
lateral: semimembranosus Mm
ventral: female- caudal attach. of udder
male- caudal attach. of scrotum

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5
Q

You want ___% of the vulva ventral to the ischiatic arch.

A

80%

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6
Q

What is the problem with poor conformation of the vulva?

A

infertility problems

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7
Q

How do you treat poor vulvar conformation?

A

vulvoplasty (Caslick’s procedure)

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8
Q

_____ of the clitoris during urination indicates that the mare is in heat.

A

“winking”

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9
Q

Match the structures located with the boundaries of the ischiorectal fossa:

medial
lateral
ventral

A

medial: pelvic diaphragm
lateral: sacrosciatic ligament
ventral: obturator fascia

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10
Q

(T/F) The cow and the mare seem rather unbothered when they have a vaginal or uterine prolapse.

A

False:
cow- unbothered
mare- frantic

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11
Q

How do you treat a vaginal/uterine prolapse?

A

buhner needle + umbilical tape

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12
Q

How do you treat a vaginal/uterine prolapse?

A

Buhner needle + umbilical tape

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13
Q

What is urine scalding? What causes it?

A

continuous urination burns skin
cause: urolith in bladder

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14
Q

What is the salvage procedure used in the goat if it recurrently strains when urinating?

A

perineal urethrostomy

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15
Q

What block is done to locally anesthetize the anus, perineum, vulva, and vagina?

A

caudal epidural block

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16
Q

For epidural injections, the distal cutaneous branches of the pudendal N can be blocked by injecting where?

A

sacrococcygeus joint

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17
Q

Melanomas are common in ______ and most are (benign/malignant).

A

grey horses
benign

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18
Q

Term for soft, cartilaginous tissue on feet during birth that protects mother during birth

A

eponychium

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19
Q

In cattle, what are considered pins? Hooks?

A

pins: ischiatic tuberosities
hooks: tuber coxae

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20
Q

Order of the 4 spaces in the perioneal cavity

A
  1. pararectal fossa
  2. rectogenital pouch
  3. vesicogenital pouch
  4. pubovesical pouch
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21
Q

Which peritoneal pouch is between rectum & genital fold (male) or between rectum & uterus (female)?

A

rectogenital pouch

22
Q

Which peritoneal pouch is between the urinary bladder & genital fold (male) or between urinary bladder & uterus (female)?

A

vesicogenital pouch

23
Q

Which peritoneal pouch is ventral to the urinary bladder?

A

pubovesical pouch

24
Q

What 3 things does the pelvis include?

A

sacrum
ossa coxarum
caudal vertebra 1

25
Q

Term for widest horizontal point

A

transverse diameter

26
Q

Term for cranial aspect of pelvic symphysis to dorsal wall of pelvic cavity

A

vertical diameter

27
Q

Does the mare or cow have more problems with dystocia? Why?

A

cow (smaller pelvic diameter)

28
Q

The sacrum in the horse and ox is made of __ fused bones.

A

5

29
Q

What are “hunter’s bumps”?

A

calcification of tuber sacrale due to hunting and jumping activities

30
Q

Term for knocked down hip in horses

A

hooks

31
Q

What causes “hooks” in horses?

A

healing after fracture of tuber coxae

32
Q

What structure is significant in calving/foaling and helps with parturition?

A

prepubic tendon

33
Q

The prepubic tendon is the from __________ M to the ______ of the pubic bone.

A

rectus abdominis
pecten

34
Q

What tendon spans from the pelvic symphysis to the pectineus M?

A

symphyseal tendon

35
Q

If ______ ruptures, the ability to push with the abdominal muscles during birth is lost.

A

prepubic tendon

36
Q

What attaches the lateral crest of the sacrum to the ilium and ischium?

A

sacrosciatic ligament

37
Q

What structure(s) pass through the greater ischiatic foramen?

A

cranial gluteal vessels
sciatic, cranial/caudal gluteal, caudal cutaneous femoral Nn

38
Q

What structure(s) pass through the lesser ischiatic foramen?

A

caudal gluteal A, V

39
Q

What structure(s) pass through the obturator foramen?

A

obturator N

40
Q

In calving paralysis, the cow has calved and cannot get up, possibly from the pressure on what?

A

obturator N

41
Q

In ruminants, the superficial gluteal M is fused with the biceps femoris M, which forms _______.

A

gluteobiceps M

42
Q

What species do not have an internal obturator M?

A

ruminants (has intrapelvic part of external obturator)

43
Q

Match the plexus to what it supplies:

  1. cranial + medial Mm of thigh and skin on medial aspect of thigh, crus, tarsus, metatarsus
  2. caudal Mm of thigh, entire crus, pes, and corresponding skin
  3. parasympathetic + sympathetic Nn of pelvis
A
  1. lumbar plexus
  2. lumbosacral plexus
  3. pelvic plexus
44
Q

List 3 causes/predispositions to back problems in horses

A
  1. saddle fit
  2. muscle strain
  3. osteoarthritis
45
Q

What 3 symptoms result from thoracolumbar joint dysfunction

A
  1. restricted joint motion
  2. localized pain/inflamm.
  3. paraspinal muscle hypertonicity (abnormal)
46
Q

What is a “kissing spine” in horses?

A

skeletal abnormality; bony growths on spinous processes touch

47
Q

Injecting alcohol to deaden nerves so a horse’s tail doesn’t move is unethical and can cause damage to ______.

A

cauda equina (and may never move normally)

48
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid can be collected in a standing horse through ________.

A

lumbosacral junction

49
Q

What can collecting CSF from a horse test for?

A

EPM (equine protozoal myoencephalitis)

50
Q

There are __ degrees of severity for equine rectal tears and cause what problem with clients?

A

4
malpractice claims

51
Q

Periparturient paresis/paralysis can be caused by damage to what 2 nerves?

A

obturator N or intrapelvic sciatic N

52
Q

4 causes of periparturient paresis/paralysis

A
  1. injury to obturator N
  2. injury to sciatic N
  3. adductor M trauma
  4. ischemia

Large Animal Anatomy (41 decks)

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