Reptiles Flashcards
What are the 4 orders of class Reptilia?
- Chelonia
- Squamata
- Crocodilia
- Rhynchocephalia/Sphenodontia
Match each reptilian species to its order:
- lizards, snakes
- crocodiles, caimans, alligators
- tuatara
- turtles, terrapins, tortoises
- squamata
- crocodilia
- rhynchocephalia/sphenodontia
- chelonia
In the typical reptile, how many chambers does the heart have? How many aortic arches?
3 chambers
2 aortic arches
Reptiles can be herbivorous, omnivorous, insectivorous, or carnivorous. Which two reptilian species are strictly insectivorous or carnivorous?
snakes
crocodilians
(T/F) Some snakes bear live young (viviparous).
True
The epidermis of reptiles is typically modified into small, keratinized _______, or larger _______.
scales
scutes
(T/F) Reptilian lineage is monophyletic.
False - vary in evolutionary lineages
Define ectothermic.
get metabolic temperature from the environment
(T/F) Reptiles have lungs and a diaphragm.
False - lungs but no diaphragm
Term for common, undivided body cavity in reptiles due to lack of diaphragm.
coelom
How do reptiles differ from amphibians?
keratinized skin / water-proof epithelium
(can live in terrestrial environment)
Lizards, snakes, and turtles have ____-chambered hearts while crocodilians have ___ chambers.
3
4
Cloaca is the common exit for what 3 body systems?
digestive
urinary
reproductive
What is the different between turtle and tortoise?
Turtle: semi-aquatic or fully aquatic
Tortoise: strictly terrestrial
(Turtles/tortoises) retract into their shells. What is compressed?
tortoises
respiratory tract
Of the shell of chelonians, the _______ is the top covering the vertebrae, and the _______ is the ventral portion.
carapace
plastron
Term for keratinized epidermis in a ring pattern to cover carapace in chelonians.
scutes
Since chelonians do not have dental arcades or teeth, they have a beak called _________.
rhamphotheca
In chelonians, they have a single ear bone, the ________, below the tympanic membrane.
stapes
Term for skin shedding seen in lizards.
ecdysis
Function of femoral pores in lizards.
marking territory, holocrine secretion
(T/F) Snakes are obligate carnivores.
True
Term for egg-laying vs. born alive.
oviparous
viviparous
What is the only species of snake that takes on parental care?
cobras
Snakes have a scale which covers the eye when they are ready to shed. What is the term for it?
spectacle
What two bones of the snake skull are involved in communicating with the auditory components for hearing?
mandible
quadrate bone
What bone is unfused in snakes which allows an unhinged jaw or cranial kinesis for large prey ideas? Which is “loose”?
mandible unfused
quadrate bone “loose”
Term for opening or “third eye” on the dorsal aspect of the head in reptiles.
parietal foramen
What structure sits in the parietal foramen? What is its function?
pineal gland
light stimulation for reproduction
Match each species to the appropriate number of dental arcades.
Turtle
Lizard
Snake
turtle: 0
lizard: 2 (mandibular + maxillary)
snake: 3 (additional palatine arcade)
In snakes, the (right/left) lung is elongated while the other is very small.
right
Compared to mammals, the glottis of reptiles is moveable and tends to be located _________.
rostrally
The colon of reptiles empties into the _________ of the cloaca which then passes externally through the ________.
coprodeum
vent
What is unique about the renal portal system in reptiles?
blood from caudal structures shunted through kidneys then renal vein
Clinical significance of renal portal system in reptiles.
give injections cranially, not caudally (so not flooded to kidneys)
The reptilian kidney is organized into cortex and medulla, but only has few _______ and no _______, unlike mammals.
nephrons
loops of henle
Match the species to its urinary characteristics:
- no bladder
- bilobed bladder + 2 accessory bladders
- most have a bladder
- snake
- chelonian
- lizard
Which reptilian species has a phallus?
turtle
Term for everting structures full of lymph that expand for copulation and retract into sheaths, different from a phallus.
hemipenes
Which two species have hemipenes?
lizards
snakes
What is the most important clinical issue a vet that works with reptiles will face?
husbandry
