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Large Animal Anatomy > Reptiles > Flashcards

Reptiles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 orders of class Reptilia?

A
  1. Chelonia
  2. Squamata
  3. Crocodilia
  4. Rhynchocephalia/Sphenodontia
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2
Q

Match each reptilian species to its order:

  1. lizards, snakes
  2. crocodiles, caimans, alligators
  3. tuatara
  4. turtles, terrapins, tortoises
A
  1. squamata
  2. crocodilia
  3. rhynchocephalia/sphenodontia
  4. chelonia
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3
Q

In the typical reptile, how many chambers does the heart have? How many aortic arches?

A

3 chambers
2 aortic arches

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4
Q

Reptiles can be herbivorous, omnivorous, insectivorous, or carnivorous. Which two reptilian species are strictly insectivorous or carnivorous?

A

snakes
crocodilians

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5
Q

(T/F) Some snakes bear live young (viviparous).

A

True

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6
Q

The epidermis of reptiles is typically modified into small, keratinized _______, or larger _______.

A

scales
scutes

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7
Q

(T/F) Reptilian lineage is monophyletic.

A

False - vary in evolutionary lineages

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8
Q

Define ectothermic.

A

get metabolic temperature from the environment

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9
Q

(T/F) Reptiles have lungs and a diaphragm.

A

False - lungs but no diaphragm

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10
Q

Term for common, undivided body cavity in reptiles due to lack of diaphragm.

A

coelom

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11
Q

How do reptiles differ from amphibians?

A

keratinized skin / water-proof epithelium
(can live in terrestrial environment)

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12
Q

Lizards, snakes, and turtles have ____-chambered hearts while crocodilians have ___ chambers.

A

3
4

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13
Q

Cloaca is the common exit for what 3 body systems?

A

digestive
urinary
reproductive

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14
Q

What is the different between turtle and tortoise?

A

Turtle: semi-aquatic or fully aquatic
Tortoise: strictly terrestrial

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15
Q

(Turtles/tortoises) retract into their shells. What is compressed?

A

tortoises
respiratory tract

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16
Q

Of the shell of chelonians, the _______ is the top covering the vertebrae, and the _______ is the ventral portion.

A

carapace
plastron

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17
Q

Term for keratinized epidermis in a ring pattern to cover carapace in chelonians.

A

scutes

18
Q

Since chelonians do not have dental arcades or teeth, they have a beak called _________.

A

rhamphotheca

19
Q

In chelonians, they have a single ear bone, the ________, below the tympanic membrane.

A

stapes

20
Q

Term for skin shedding seen in lizards.

A

ecdysis

21
Q

Function of femoral pores in lizards.

A

marking territory, holocrine secretion

22
Q

(T/F) Snakes are obligate carnivores.

A

True

23
Q

Term for egg-laying vs. born alive.

A

oviparous
viviparous

24
Q

What is the only species of snake that takes on parental care?

A

cobras

25
Q

Snakes have a scale which covers the eye when they are ready to shed. What is the term for it?

A

spectacle

26
Q

What two bones of the snake skull are involved in communicating with the auditory components for hearing?

A

mandible
quadrate bone

27
Q

What bone is unfused in snakes which allows an unhinged jaw or cranial kinesis for large prey ideas? Which is “loose”?

A

mandible unfused
quadrate bone “loose”

28
Q

Term for opening or “third eye” on the dorsal aspect of the head in reptiles.

A

parietal foramen

29
Q

What structure sits in the parietal foramen? What is its function?

A

pineal gland
light stimulation for reproduction

30
Q

Match each species to the appropriate number of dental arcades.

Turtle
Lizard
Snake

A

turtle: 0
lizard: 2 (mandibular + maxillary)
snake: 3 (additional palatine arcade)

31
Q

In snakes, the (right/left) lung is elongated while the other is very small.

A

right

32
Q

Compared to mammals, the glottis of reptiles is moveable and tends to be located _________.

A

rostrally

33
Q

The colon of reptiles empties into the _________ of the cloaca which then passes externally through the ________.

A

coprodeum
vent

34
Q

What is unique about the renal portal system in reptiles?

A

blood from caudal structures shunted through kidneys then renal vein

35
Q

Clinical significance of renal portal system in reptiles.

A

give injections cranially, not caudally (so not flooded to kidneys)

36
Q

The reptilian kidney is organized into cortex and medulla, but only has few _______ and no _______, unlike mammals.

A

nephrons
loops of henle

37
Q

Match the species to its urinary characteristics:

  1. no bladder
  2. bilobed bladder + 2 accessory bladders
  3. most have a bladder
A
  1. snake
  2. chelonian
  3. lizard
38
Q

Which reptilian species has a phallus?

A

turtle

39
Q

Term for everting structures full of lymph that expand for copulation and retract into sheaths, different from a phallus.

A

hemipenes

40
Q

Which two species have hemipenes?

A

lizards
snakes

41
Q

What is the most important clinical issue a vet that works with reptiles will face?

A

husbandry

Large Animal Anatomy (41 decks)

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