Reptiles

Question 1

What are the 4 orders of class Reptilia?

Answer 1

1. Chelonia
2. Squamata
3. Crocodilia
4. Rhynchocephalia/Sphenodontia

Question 2

Match each reptilian species to its order:

1. lizards, snakes
2. crocodiles, caimans, alligators
3. tuatara
4. turtles, terrapins, tortoises

Answer 2

1. squamata
2. crocodilia
3. rhynchocephalia/sphenodontia
4. chelonia

Question 3

In the typical reptile, how many chambers does the heart have? How many aortic arches?

Answer 3

3 chambers
2 aortic arches

Question 4

Reptiles can be herbivorous, omnivorous, insectivorous, or carnivorous. Which two reptilian species are strictly insectivorous or carnivorous?

Answer 4

snakes
crocodilians

Question 5

(T/F) Some snakes bear live young (viviparous).

Answer 5

True

Question 6

The epidermis of reptiles is typically modified into small, keratinized _______, or larger _______.

Answer 6

scales
scutes

Question 7

(T/F) Reptilian lineage is monophyletic.

Answer 7

False - vary in evolutionary lineages

Question 8

Define ectothermic.

Answer 8

get metabolic temperature from the environment

Question 9

(T/F) Reptiles have lungs and a diaphragm.

Answer 9

False - lungs but no diaphragm

Question 10

Term for common, undivided body cavity in reptiles due to lack of diaphragm.

Answer 10

coelom

Question 11

How do reptiles differ from amphibians?

Answer 11

keratinized skin / water-proof epithelium
(can live in terrestrial environment)

Question 12

Lizards, snakes, and turtles have ____-chambered hearts while crocodilians have ___ chambers.

Answer 12

3
4

Question 13

Cloaca is the common exit for what 3 body systems?

Answer 13

digestive
urinary
reproductive

Question 14

What is the different between turtle and tortoise?

Answer 14

Turtle: semi-aquatic or fully aquatic
Tortoise: strictly terrestrial

Question 15

(Turtles/tortoises) retract into their shells. What is compressed?

Answer 15

tortoises
respiratory tract

Question 16

Of the shell of chelonians, the _______ is the top covering the vertebrae, and the _______ is the ventral portion.

Answer 16

carapace
plastron

Question 17

Term for keratinized epidermis in a ring pattern to cover carapace in chelonians.

Answer 17

scutes

Question 18

Since chelonians do not have dental arcades or teeth, they have a beak called _________.

Answer 18

rhamphotheca

Question 19

In chelonians, they have a single ear bone, the ________, below the tympanic membrane.

Answer 19

stapes

Question 20

Term for skin shedding seen in lizards.

Answer 20

ecdysis

Question 21

Function of femoral pores in lizards.

Answer 21

marking territory, holocrine secretion

Question 22

(T/F) Snakes are obligate carnivores.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Term for egg-laying vs. born alive.

Answer 23

oviparous
viviparous

Question 24

What is the only species of snake that takes on parental care?

Answer 24

cobras

Question 25

Snakes have a scale which covers the eye when they are ready to shed. What is the term for it?

Answer 25

spectacle

Question 26

What two bones of the snake skull are involved in communicating with the auditory components for hearing?

Answer 26

mandible quadrate bone

Question 27

What bone is unfused in snakes which allows an unhinged jaw or cranial kinesis for large prey ideas? Which is "loose"?

Answer 27

mandible unfused quadrate bone "loose"

Question 28

Term for opening or "third eye" on the dorsal aspect of the head in reptiles.

Answer 28

parietal foramen

Question 29

What structure sits in the parietal foramen? What is its function?

Answer 29

pineal gland light stimulation for reproduction

Question 30

Match each species to the appropriate number of dental arcades. Turtle Lizard Snake

Answer 30

turtle: 0 lizard: 2 (mandibular + maxillary) snake: 3 (additional palatine arcade)

Question 31

In snakes, the (right/left) lung is elongated while the other is very small.

Answer 31

right

Question 32

Compared to mammals, the glottis of reptiles is moveable and tends to be located _________.

Answer 32

rostrally

Question 33

The colon of reptiles empties into the _________ of the cloaca which then passes externally through the ________.

Answer 33

coprodeum vent

Question 34

What is unique about the renal portal system in reptiles?

Answer 34

blood from caudal structures shunted through kidneys then renal vein

Question 35

Clinical significance of renal portal system in reptiles.

Answer 35

give injections cranially, not caudally (so not flooded to kidneys)

Question 36

The reptilian kidney is organized into cortex and medulla, but only has few _______ and no _______, unlike mammals.

Answer 36

nephrons loops of henle

Question 37

Match the species to its urinary characteristics: 1. no bladder 2. bilobed bladder + 2 accessory bladders 3. most have a bladder

Answer 37

1. snake 2. chelonian 3. lizard

Question 38

Which reptilian species has a phallus?

Answer 38

turtle

Question 39

Term for everting structures full of lymph that expand for copulation and retract into sheaths, different from a phallus.

Answer 39

hemipenes

Question 40

Which two species have hemipenes?

Answer 40

lizards snakes

Question 41

What is the most important clinical issue a vet that works with reptiles will face?

Answer 41

husbandry