The Pharynx Flashcards
Pharynx is the chamber where _______ and ______ cross.
respiratory + digestive tracts
What is the main function of the pharynx?
deglutition (swallowing)
(T/F) The pharynx is a tubular organ with tunics of a typical tubular organ.
True
The lumen of the pharynx is called:
pharyngeal cavity
List the 3 parts of the pharyngeal cavity.
- oropharynx
- nasopharynx
- laryngopharynx
Which part of the pharyngeal cavity passes liquids/food into the esophagus?
oropharynx
What are the boundaries of the oropharynx? (rostral, caudal, above, below)
rostral: palatoglossal arch
caudal: epiglottis
above: soft palate
below: root of tongue
What two structures are found in the oropharynx?
tonsil of soft palate (horse)
palatine tonsil
What is different about the palatine tonsil in ruminants?
inside tonsillar sinus (not directly visible)
What are the boundaries of the nasopharynx? (rostral, dorsal, ventral, caudal)
choana (rostral & dorsal)
palatopharyngeal arches (ventral)
pharyngeal wall (dorsal & caudal)
soft palate (rostral & ventral)
Term for opening between caudal end of nasal cavity and nasopharynx.
choana
What is the highest part of the nasopharynx where mucosa folds called?
fornix
What tonsil is present in the nasopharynx of horses and pigs? Which two ostia?
pharyngeal tonsil
intrapharyngeal ostium & ostium of auditory tube
Which structures form the intrapharyngeal ostium of the nasopharynx?
caudal edge of soft palate + both palatopharyngeal arches
The intrapharyngeal ostium is where the ________ communicates with _________.
nasopharynx
laryngopharynx
In the pig, the nasopharynx is very narrow but it has an extra out-pocketing called:
pharyngeal diverticulum
What is the clinical significance of the pharyngeal diverticulum of the pig?
can use “balling gun” to insert oral meds
if too forceful –> fatal infection
The ox has a caudal extension of the nasal septum called ________ where the pharyngeal tonsil lies.
pharyngeal septum
The laryngopharynx begins at _________ and extends to ________.
palatopharyngeal arches
cricoid cartilage
The laryngopharynx continues as the ________.
esophagus
What are the dorsal and ventral borders of the laryngopharynx?
pharyngeal wall = dorsal
larynx (ventral)
The muscles of the pharynx consist of 5 ________ muscles and 1 _______ muscle.
constrictor
dilator
What are the muscles of the pharynx responsible for when they contract?
swallowing (must act synchronously)
What are the 2 rostral pharyngeal constrictor Mm?
palatopharyngeus M
pterygopharyngeus M
The palatopharyngeus M is from the soft palate to the _________ and the pterygopharyngeus M is from the pterygoid bone to the ________.
pharyngeal raphe
Which muscle of the pharynx is the middle pharyngeal constrictor M?
hyopharyngeus M
The hyopharyngeus M is from the ______ to the _______.
thyrohyoid bone –> pharyngeal raphe
What are the 2 caudal pharyngeal constrictor Mm?
- thyropharyngeus M
- cricopharyngeus M
What is the only muscle that dilates the pharynx?
stylopharyngeus M
All pharyngeal constrictor Mm are innervated by what?
pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal & vagus Nn
The stylopharyngeus M originates at _______ and fans out in the ________.
stylohyoid bone
pharyngeal wall
Problems with the pharynx, especially the muscles, result in ________ while ______ may be normal.
dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
prehension (chewing)
