Thoracic Limb 2 (Exam 1)

Question 1

Explain difference in fusion of radius & ulna in horse vs. ox

Answer 1

Horse: complete fusion
Ox: fused but complete ulna present

Question 2

Because of the degree of fusion, what is different about the styloid processes in the horse vs. ox?

Answer 2

Horse: medial + lateral styloid processes
Ox: styloid processes on both radius + ulna

Question 3

Regarding the humeroradial joint, the medial and lateral bony prominences on the proximal radius are for attachment of __________.

Answer 3

collateral ligaments

Question 4

_______ forms the point of the elbow.

Answer 4

olecranon

Question 5

The humeroulnar joint is formed by the articulation of ________ with ________.

Answer 5

anconeal process of ulna
olecranon fossa of humerus

Question 6

The elbow joint is classified as a ______ joint.

Answer 6

hinge joint

Question 7

(T/F) The elbow joint has collateral ligaments for stabilization.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

The joint capsule of the elbow joint is limited to what part of the joint?

Answer 8

cranial aspect

Question 9

If an animal is down on its side for too long without padding, what injury can occur?

Answer 9

radial nerve paralysis

Question 10

Which species only has the interosseus medius M? What is its significance in both horse and ox?

Answer 10

horse
part of suspensory apparatus (help hold fetlock together)

Question 11

What ligament comes off of the superficial digital flexor M in the horse? Deep digital flexor M?

Answer 11

proximal accessory (check) ligament
distal accessory (check) ligament

Question 12

Which species does not have a pronator teres M?

Answer 12

horse

Question 13

(T/F) Carpus includes all bone and soft tissue structures in the region.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

The carpal bones are made up of 2 rows of ______ bones.

Answer 14

short

Question 15

Carpal bone __ is medial and carpal bone __ is lateral.

Answer 15

2
4

Question 16

“Chip fractures” in racing horses use ______ radiographic views.

Answer 16

skyline

Question 17

Both the horse and ox have an extensor and flexor retinaculum formed by __________.

Answer 17

deep fascia

Question 18

What are the 3 carpal joints (from proximal to distal)?

Answer 18

1. antebrachial carpal joint
2. intercarpal joint
3. carpometacarpal joint

Question 19

How many joint capsules are there for the carpal joints? Are they separate or communicating?

Answer 19

one
mostly separate joint cavities

Question 20

Match the degree of flexion to the carpal joint:

1. 90 to 100 degrees
2. 45 degrees
3. little movement

Answer 20

1. antebrachiocarpal joint
2. middle carpal joint (intercarpal)
3. carpometacarpal joint

Question 21

What is the clinical significance of carpal synovial (tendon) sheaths?

Answer 21

can have swelling, cellulitis, infection

Question 22

What is deep to the fibrous joint capsule?

Answer 22

antebrachiocarpal synovial sac

Question 23

What are the 2 borders of the carpal canal?

Answer 23

proximal row of carpal bones
flexor retinaculum

Question 24

Which tendons are in the superficial and deep carpal canals of the horse?

Answer 24

deep: SDF, DDF
superficial: flexor carpi radialis

Question 25

Which tendons are in the superficial and deep carpal canals of the ox?

Answer 25

deep: DDF, deep tendon of SDF
superficial: superficial tendon of SDF, tendon of flexor carpi radialis

Question 26

What vessels pass through the carpal canal?

Answer 26

median VAN

Question 27

What is carpal canal syndrome in horses?

Answer 27

compression of soft tissue structures in the canal

Question 28

List the 5 causes of carpal canal syndrome

Answer 28

1. distal radial osteochrondromas
2. DDFT injury
3. Tenosynovitis
4. hyperextension injury
5. space occupying lesions

Question 29

What are 2 methods to treat angular limb deformity?

Answer 29

1. transphysial bridging
2. periosteal elevation (stripping)

Question 30

What is transphysial bridging?

Answer 30

use screws and wire to slow growth on side of bone that is growing faster so the other can expand

Question 31

What is periosteal elevation (stripping)?

Answer 31

cause inflammation for faster bone growth

Question 32

Where is periosteal elevation (stripping) performed for angular limb deformities?

Answer 32

concave side of metaphysis

Question 33

Anatomical term for chestnuts on carpal pad

Answer 33

torus carpeus