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Large Animal Anatomy > The Neck (Exam 1) > Flashcards

The Neck (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the only palpable cervical vertebra?

A

Atlas

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2
Q

On either side of the median pectoral sulcus are the ______ Mm.

A

descending pectoral Mm

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3
Q

What vein drains blood from the thoracic limb? What groove is in within?

A

Cephalic V
lateral pectoral groove

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4
Q

What two vessels are in the lateral pectoral groove? Which is deep and prone to injury?

A

cephalic V
deltoid branch of superficial cervical A

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5
Q

What vessel is contained in the jugular groove?

A

external jugular V

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6
Q

The dorsal boundary of the jugular groove contains parts of the ______ M.

A

cleidocephalicus M (of brachiocephalicus)

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7
Q

The ventral boundary of the jugular groove contains parts of the ______ M.

A

sternocephalicus M

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8
Q

The caudal part of the jugular groove contains _______ M.

A

cutaneous colli M

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9
Q

Origin & insertion of Cutaneous colli M

A

origin: manubrium of sternum
insert: cervical fascia

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10
Q

(T/F) Cutaneous colli M is present in the ox.

A

False - only horse (jug more exposed)

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11
Q

Cutaneous branches of spinal nerves are (sensory/motor/mixed).

A

sensory

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12
Q

There are two rows of cutaneous branches of spinal Nn called ______ and ______.

A

dorsal cutaneous branch
ventral cutaneous branch

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13
Q

The dorsal cutaneous branch of the cutaneous branch of spinal nerves arises from _______.

A

dorsal spinal N branch

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14
Q

The ventral cutaneous branch of the cutaneous branch of spinal nerves arises from ______.

A

ventral spinal N branch

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15
Q

Which two nerves come from the ventral cutaneous branch of cervical spinal nerve 2?

A

great auricular N
transverse cervical N

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16
Q

Great auricular N is (sensory/motor/mixed).

A

sensory

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17
Q

Transverse cervical N is (sensory/motor/mixed)

A

sensory

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18
Q

Great auricular N is sensory to ______.

A

skin of external ear

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19
Q

Transverse cervical N is sensory to ______.

A

larynx/throat

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20
Q

The cervical branch of the facial N is (sensory/motor/mixed).

A

motor

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21
Q

Cervical branch of facial N provides motor innervation to ______ and _____ Mm.

A

cutaneous colli M
parotidauricularis M

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22
Q

The accessory N is (more/less) exposed in the horse, and (more/less) exposed in the ox.

A

more
less

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23
Q

The accessory N emerges from _____ and splits into _____ and _____.

A

jugular foramen
dorsal + ventral branch

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24
Q

Accessory N is (sensory/motor/mixed).

A

motor

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25
Q

What 3 muscles does the dorsal branch of the accessory N innervate?

A

cleidocephalicus M
omotransversarius M
trapezius M

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26
Q

What muscle does the ventral branch of the accessory N innervate?

A

sternocephalicus M

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27
Q

What are the two parts of the brachiocephalicus M?

A

cleidocephalicus M
cleidobrachialis M

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28
Q

What part of the cleidocephalicus M is present in all domestic mammals?

A

cleidomastoideus M

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29
Q

Cleidomastoideus M origin & insertion

A

origin: clavicle
insert: mastoid process of skull

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30
Q

(T/F) The horse only has the cleidomastoideus part of the cleidocephalicus M.

A

True

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31
Q

What additional part of the cleidocephalicus M do ruminants/pig have?

A

cleidooccipitalis M

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32
Q

What additional part of the cleidocephalicus M do dogs/cats have?

A

cleidocervicalis M

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33
Q

What vein is near the cleidobrachialis M?

A

cephalic V

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34
Q

What innervates the cleidocephalicus M?

A

dorsal branch of accessory N

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35
Q

What innervates the cleidobrachialis M?

A

axillary N

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36
Q

What part of the sternocephalicus M do all domestic mammals have minus the horse?

A

sternomastoideus M

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37
Q

What part of the sternocephalicus do the horse/ox/goat have?

A

sternomandibularis M

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38
Q

What part of the sternocephalicus M do the dog/cat have?

A

sternooccipitalis M

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39
Q

What innervates all parts of the sternocephalicus M?

A

ventral branch of accessory N

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40
Q

Sternomandibularis M origin & insertion

A

origin: manubrium
insert: mandible

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41
Q

Sternomastoideus M origin & insertion

A

origin: manubrium
insert: mastoid process

42
Q

Omotransversarius origin & insertion in dog/cat

A

origin: spine of scapula
insert: wing of atlas

43
Q

Omotransversarius M origin & insertion in ox

A

origin: fascia of scapular spine
insert: wing of atlas & transverse processes of vertebrae

44
Q

In the horse, the omotransversarius M fuses with _____, and is so named ________.

A

cleidomastoideus M
cleidotransversarius M

45
Q

Cleidotransversarius in horse origin & insertion

A

origin: fascia of brachium
insert: wing of atlas & transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

46
Q

Which two hyoid muscles originate together? Where?

A

sternohyoideus
sternothyroideus
origin: manibrium

47
Q

Where does sternothyroideus M insert?

A

thyroid cartilage of larynx (deviates laterally)

48
Q

What additional hyoid muscle is in the horse & ox?

A

omohyoideus M

49
Q

Origin & insertion of omohyoideus M of the ox?

A

origin: cervical fascia
insert: hyoid apparatus

50
Q

Origin & insertion of omohyoideus M of the horse?

A

origin: shoulder fascia
insert: hyoid apparatus

51
Q

The nuchal ligament is a cranial continuation of the ______ ligament.

A

supraspinous

52
Q

What are the 2 parts of the nuchal ligament?

A

funiculus nuchae
lamina nuchae

53
Q

Where does the funiculus nuchae attach?

A

occipital bone

54
Q

Where does the lamina nuchae attach?

A

spinous processes of cervical vertebrae except atlas

55
Q

Bursa is an enclosed structure lined by _____ cells to produce _____ for cushioning.

A

synovial
synovial fluid

56
Q

What 3 bursae are present within the nuchal ligament?

A

cranial nuchal (atlantal) bursa
caudal nuchal bursa
supraspinous bursa

57
Q

Where is the cranial nuchal bursa located?

A

between funiculus nuchae

58
Q

Where is the caudal nuchal bursa?

A

between funiculus nuchae & lamina nuchae

59
Q

Where is the supraspinous bursa?

A

over spinous processes of first few T vertebrae

60
Q

Atlantal bursitis (poll evil)

A

swelling of cranial/caudal nuchal bursae
treated w/ antibiotics & drain pus

61
Q

Supraspinous bursitis (fistulous withers)

A

swelling of supraspinous bursa
creates fistula (abnormal connection between skin & lining of synovial cells)

62
Q

The thymus of the horse/dog/cat has two lobes within the ______.

A

cranial mediastinum

63
Q

Which animals have thymic tissue from base of skull, neck, and lobes in cranial mediastinum?

A

ruminants & pig

64
Q

Esophagus location in cranial part of neck

A

dorsal to larynx

65
Q

In the middle of the neck, the esophagus deviates to the (right/left).

A

left

66
Q

Where does the esophagus deviate back to midline after the middle of the neck?

A

thoracic inlet

67
Q

What are the 3 types of cervical fascia?

A

superficial lamina
pretracheal lamnia (middle cervical)
prevertebral lamina (deep cervical)

68
Q

What structures does superficial lamina surround?

A

cleidocephalicus M
jugular groove / vein
sternocephalicus M

69
Q

What structures does pretracheal lamina surround?

A

sternothyroideus M
sternohyoideus M
omohyoideus M
visceral neck structures (trachea/esoph)
carotid sheath

70
Q

What structure does the prevertebral lamina surround?

A

longus colli M

71
Q

Which cervical fascia type becomes endothoracic fascia as it continues?

A

prevertebral lamina

72
Q

What structures are within the carotid sheath?

A

common carotid A
vagosympathetic trunk
lymph vessel
recurrent laryngeal N
tracheal trunk

73
Q

Which vein is in the carotid sheath and drains blood from the pharynx/larynx –> cranial vena cava? (ox)

A

internal jugular V

74
Q

What 3 arteries are significant in the neck?

A

Deep cervical A
Vertebral A
Common carotid A

75
Q

What attaches to dorsal surfaces of vertebral bodies and joins with annulus fibrosis of intervertebral disk?

A

dorsal longitudinal ligament

76
Q

Function of dorsal longitudinal ligament

A

support vertebral column

77
Q

What covers ventral surfaces of vertebral bodies and fuses with annulus fibrosis of intervertebral disk?

A

ventral longitudinal ligament

78
Q

(T/F) The ventral longitudinal ligament starts at the base of the heart and continues cranially.

A

False - caudally b/c longus colli M covers vertebrae

79
Q

What spans interarcuate spaces, sometimes used for injections into epidural space?

A

yellow ligaments (ligamenta flava)

80
Q

What muscles mean “above the axis”

A

epaxial

81
Q

Epaxial muscle location

A

dorsal to transverse processes of vertebrae

82
Q

Function of Epaxial Mm

A

small movements of vertebral column (flexion, neck)

83
Q

What innervates epaxial muscles?

A

dorsal branch of spinal Nn

84
Q

What innervates epaxial muscles?

A

dorsal branch of spinal Nn (mixed)

85
Q

What are the 4 groups of epaxial muscles?

A

Erector spinae
Transversospinalis
Intertransversarii
Interspinalis

86
Q

Erector spinae function

A

straighten vertebral column

87
Q

What 3 muscle groups are part of the Erector spinae?

A

iliocostalis Mm
Longissimus Mm
Spinalis Mm

88
Q

Iliocostalis Mm origin & insertion

A

Origin: ilium of os coxae
Insert: ribs (transverse process of C7)

89
Q

Longissimus Mm origin & insertion

A

Origin: ilium
Insert: ribs

90
Q

Spinalis Mm origin & insertion

A

origin: spinous process vertebrae
insertion: spinous process vertebrae

91
Q

What two muscle groups are part of the Transversospinalis Mm?

A

semispinalis Mm
multifundus Mm

92
Q

Semispinalis Mm origin & insertion

A

origin: transverse processes vert
insert: skull

93
Q

Multifundus Mm origin & insertion

A

origin: transverse processes T vert
insert: spinous processes of vert. cranial to origin

94
Q

Intertransversarii Mm run between ______.

A

transverse processes of vertebrae

95
Q

Interspinalis Mm short and thin and are between adjacent ______.

A

spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

96
Q

What are the 3 main lymphatic structures of the neck?

A

tracheal trunk
superficial cervical ln
deep cervical ln

97
Q

What is the main vessel to drain lymph from the head?

A

tracheal trunk (jugular trunk)

98
Q

Where does the superficial cervical ln receive lymph from?

A

neck, thorax, thoracic limb

99
Q

What are the 3 parts of the deep cervical lnn? Which is often absent?

A

cranial, middle, caudal
middle

100
Q

Where do the deep cervical lymph nodes receive lymph from?

A

deeper parts of neck (esophagus/larynx/trachea)

Large Animal Anatomy (41 decks)

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