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Large Animal Anatomy > The Neck (Exam 1) > Flashcards

The Neck (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the only palpable cervical vertebra?

A

Atlas

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2
Q

On either side of the median pectoral sulcus are the ______ Mm.

A

descending pectoral Mm

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3
Q

What vein drains blood from the thoracic limb? What groove is in within?

A

Cephalic V
lateral pectoral groove

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4
Q

What two vessels are in the lateral pectoral groove? Which is deep and prone to injury?

A

cephalic V
deltoid branch of superficial cervical A

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5
Q

What vessel is contained in the jugular groove?

A

external jugular V

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6
Q

The dorsal boundary of the jugular groove contains parts of the ______ M.

A

cleidocephalicus M (of brachiocephalicus)

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7
Q

The ventral boundary of the jugular groove contains parts of the ______ M.

A

sternocephalicus M

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8
Q

The caudal part of the jugular groove contains _______ M.

A

cutaneous colli M

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9
Q

Origin & insertion of Cutaneous colli M

A

origin: manubrium of sternum
insert: cervical fascia

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10
Q

(T/F) Cutaneous colli M is present in the ox.

A

False - only horse (jug more exposed)

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11
Q

Cutaneous branches of spinal nerves are (sensory/motor/mixed).

A

sensory

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12
Q

There are two rows of cutaneous branches of spinal Nn called ______ and ______.

A

dorsal cutaneous branch
ventral cutaneous branch

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13
Q

The dorsal cutaneous branch of the cutaneous branch of spinal nerves arises from _______.

A

dorsal spinal N branch

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14
Q

The ventral cutaneous branch of the cutaneous branch of spinal nerves arises from ______.

A

ventral spinal N branch

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15
Q

Which two nerves come from the ventral cutaneous branch of cervical spinal nerve 2?

A

great auricular N
transverse cervical N

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16
Q

Great auricular N is (sensory/motor/mixed).

A

sensory

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17
Q

Transverse cervical N is (sensory/motor/mixed)

A

sensory

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18
Q

Great auricular N is sensory to ______.

A

skin of external ear

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19
Q

Transverse cervical N is sensory to ______.

A

larynx/throat

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20
Q

The cervical branch of the facial N is (sensory/motor/mixed).

A

motor

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21
Q

Cervical branch of facial N provides motor innervation to ______ and _____ Mm.

A

cutaneous colli M
parotidauricularis M

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22
Q

The accessory N is (more/less) exposed in the horse, and (more/less) exposed in the ox.

A

more
less

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23
Q

The accessory N emerges from _____ and splits into _____ and _____.

A

jugular foramen
dorsal + ventral branch

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24
Q

Accessory N is (sensory/motor/mixed).

A

motor

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25
What 3 muscles does the dorsal branch of the accessory N innervate?
cleidocephalicus M omotransversarius M trapezius M
26
What muscle does the ventral branch of the accessory N innervate?
sternocephalicus M
27
What are the two parts of the brachiocephalicus M?
cleidocephalicus M cleidobrachialis M
28
What part of the cleidocephalicus M is present in all domestic mammals?
cleidomastoideus M
29
Cleidomastoideus M origin & insertion
origin: clavicle insert: mastoid process of skull
30
(T/F) The horse only has the cleidomastoideus part of the cleidocephalicus M.
True
31
What additional part of the cleidocephalicus M do ruminants/pig have?
cleidooccipitalis M
32
What additional part of the cleidocephalicus M do dogs/cats have?
cleidocervicalis M
33
What vein is near the cleidobrachialis M?
cephalic V
34
What innervates the cleidocephalicus M?
dorsal branch of accessory N
35
What innervates the cleidobrachialis M?
axillary N
36
What part of the sternocephalicus M do all domestic mammals have minus the horse?
sternomastoideus M
37
What part of the sternocephalicus do the horse/ox/goat have?
sternomandibularis M
38
What part of the sternocephalicus M do the dog/cat have?
sternooccipitalis M
39
What innervates all parts of the sternocephalicus M?
ventral branch of accessory N
40
Sternomandibularis M origin & insertion
origin: manubrium insert: mandible
41
Sternomastoideus M origin & insertion
origin: manubrium insert: mastoid process
42
Omotransversarius origin & insertion in dog/cat
origin: spine of scapula insert: wing of atlas
43
Omotransversarius M origin & insertion in ox
origin: fascia of scapular spine insert: wing of atlas & transverse processes of vertebrae
44
In the horse, the omotransversarius M fuses with _____, and is so named ________.
cleidomastoideus M cleidotransversarius M
45
Cleidotransversarius in horse origin & insertion
origin: fascia of brachium insert: wing of atlas & transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
46
Which two hyoid muscles originate together? Where?
sternohyoideus sternothyroideus origin: manibrium
47
Where does sternothyroideus M insert?
thyroid cartilage of larynx (deviates laterally)
48
What additional hyoid muscle is in the horse & ox?
omohyoideus M
49
Origin & insertion of omohyoideus M of the ox?
origin: cervical fascia insert: hyoid apparatus
50
Origin & insertion of omohyoideus M of the horse?
origin: shoulder fascia insert: hyoid apparatus
51
The nuchal ligament is a cranial continuation of the ______ ligament.
supraspinous
52
What are the 2 parts of the nuchal ligament?
funiculus nuchae lamina nuchae
53
Where does the funiculus nuchae attach?
occipital bone
54
Where does the lamina nuchae attach?
spinous processes of cervical vertebrae except atlas
55
Bursa is an enclosed structure lined by _____ cells to produce _____ for cushioning.
synovial synovial fluid
56
What 3 bursae are present within the nuchal ligament?
cranial nuchal (atlantal) bursa caudal nuchal bursa supraspinous bursa
57
Where is the cranial nuchal bursa located?
between funiculus nuchae
58
Where is the caudal nuchal bursa?
between funiculus nuchae & lamina nuchae
59
Where is the supraspinous bursa?
over spinous processes of first few T vertebrae
60
Atlantal bursitis (poll evil)
swelling of cranial/caudal nuchal bursae treated w/ antibiotics & drain pus
61
Supraspinous bursitis (fistulous withers)
swelling of supraspinous bursa creates fistula (abnormal connection between skin & lining of synovial cells)
62
The thymus of the horse/dog/cat has two lobes within the ______.
cranial mediastinum
63
Which animals have thymic tissue from base of skull, neck, and lobes in cranial mediastinum?
ruminants & pig
64
Esophagus location in cranial part of neck
dorsal to larynx
65
In the middle of the neck, the esophagus deviates to the (right/left).
left
66
Where does the esophagus deviate back to midline after the middle of the neck?
thoracic inlet
67
What are the 3 types of cervical fascia?
superficial lamina pretracheal lamnia (middle cervical) prevertebral lamina (deep cervical)
68
What structures does superficial lamina surround?
cleidocephalicus M jugular groove / vein sternocephalicus M
69
What structures does pretracheal lamina surround?
sternothyroideus M sternohyoideus M omohyoideus M visceral neck structures (trachea/esoph) carotid sheath
70
What structure does the prevertebral lamina surround?
longus colli M
71
Which cervical fascia type becomes endothoracic fascia as it continues?
prevertebral lamina
72
What structures are within the carotid sheath?
common carotid A vagosympathetic trunk lymph vessel recurrent laryngeal N tracheal trunk
73
Which vein is in the carotid sheath and drains blood from the pharynx/larynx --> cranial vena cava? (ox)
internal jugular V
74
What 3 arteries are significant in the neck?
Deep cervical A Vertebral A Common carotid A
75
What attaches to dorsal surfaces of vertebral bodies and joins with annulus fibrosis of intervertebral disk?
dorsal longitudinal ligament
76
Function of dorsal longitudinal ligament
support vertebral column
77
What covers ventral surfaces of vertebral bodies and fuses with annulus fibrosis of intervertebral disk?
ventral longitudinal ligament
78
(T/F) The ventral longitudinal ligament starts at the base of the heart and continues cranially.
False - caudally b/c longus colli M covers vertebrae
79
What spans interarcuate spaces, sometimes used for injections into epidural space?
yellow ligaments (ligamenta flava)
80
What muscles mean "above the axis"
epaxial
81
Epaxial muscle location
dorsal to transverse processes of vertebrae
82
Function of Epaxial Mm
small movements of vertebral column (flexion, neck)
83
What innervates epaxial muscles?
dorsal branch of spinal Nn
84
What innervates epaxial muscles?
dorsal branch of spinal Nn (mixed)
85
What are the 4 groups of epaxial muscles?
Erector spinae Transversospinalis Intertransversarii Interspinalis
86
Erector spinae function
straighten vertebral column
87
What 3 muscle groups are part of the Erector spinae?
iliocostalis Mm Longissimus Mm Spinalis Mm
88
Iliocostalis Mm origin & insertion
Origin: ilium of os coxae Insert: ribs (transverse process of C7)
89
Longissimus Mm origin & insertion
Origin: ilium Insert: ribs
90
Spinalis Mm origin & insertion
origin: spinous process vertebrae insertion: spinous process vertebrae
91
What two muscle groups are part of the Transversospinalis Mm?
semispinalis Mm multifundus Mm
92
Semispinalis Mm origin & insertion
origin: transverse processes vert insert: skull
93
Multifundus Mm origin & insertion
origin: transverse processes T vert insert: spinous processes of vert. cranial to origin
94
Intertransversarii Mm run between ______.
transverse processes of vertebrae
95
Interspinalis Mm short and thin and are between adjacent ______.
spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
96
What are the 3 main lymphatic structures of the neck?
tracheal trunk superficial cervical ln deep cervical ln
97
What is the main vessel to drain lymph from the head?
tracheal trunk (jugular trunk)
98
Where does the superficial cervical ln receive lymph from?
neck, thorax, thoracic limb
99
What are the 3 parts of the deep cervical lnn? Which is often absent?
cranial, middle, caudal middle
100
Where do the deep cervical lymph nodes receive lymph from?
deeper parts of neck (esophagus/larynx/trachea)

Large Animal Anatomy (41 decks)

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