Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Large Animal Anatomy > The Thorax (Exam 1) > Flashcards

The Thorax (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the region between the scapulae where the long spinous processes of T vertebrae protrude? Which vertebrae?

A

withers
T2-T5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Term for thick band of connective tissue between T2-T5 and attach to medial surface of scapula

A

dorsoscapular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the clinical significance of the dorsoscapular ligament?

A

where supraspinous bursa is located
if becomes infected, ligament causes deviation of infection under skin before getting to skin layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 cutaneous muscles which function for skin twitching?

A

cutaneous trunci M
cutaneous omobrachialis M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The cutaneous omobrachialis M has fibers that run (horizontal/vertical).

A

vertical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 4 nerves are significant in the thorax?

A

intercostobrachial N
lateral thoracic N
long thoracic N
phrenic N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Intercostobrachial N is (sensory/motor/mixed).

A

mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Intercostobrachial N is motor to ______ and sensory to ______.

A

cutaneous omobrachialis M
limb/thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the lateral thoracic N innervate?

A

cutaneous trunci M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the long thoracic N innervate?

A

serratus ventralis thoracis M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What nerve is easier to find in the male ox b/c it goes all the way down to the prepuce?

A

lateral thoracic N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What two nerves join together to form the intercostobrachial N?

A

lateral thoracic N + intercostal N branches (T2/T3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Superficial thoracic V drains blood into _____ v –> ________ venous system.

A

thoracodorsal V –> axillary venous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clinical significance of superficial thoracic V

A

= “spur vein”
damage by forceful spurring –> hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of scalenus Mm

A

inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 scalenus Mm?

A

dorsal scalenus
middle scalenus
ventral scalenus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Origin and insertion of dorsal scalenus M

A

origin: transverse process of C vert
insert: 4th rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The dorsal scalenus M goes (dorsal/ventral) to the roots of the brachial plexus.

A

dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Origin & insertion of middle scalenus M

A

origin: C6
insert: C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The middle scalenus M goes (dorsal/ventral) to roots of brachial plexus.

A

dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The middle scalenus M is covered by ____ in cattle.

A

dorsal scalenus M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Origin & insertion of ventral scalenus M

A

origin: transverse process of C vert
insert: 1st rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The ventral scalenus M passes (dorsal/ventral) to the roots of the brachial plexus.

A

ventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What nerve originates in the neck, passes through the thoracic inlet, and ends at the diaphragm?

A

phrenic N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The roots of the phrenic N are seen on which muscle?
ventral scalenus M
26
External intercostal Mm function vs. Internal intercostal Mm function
external: inspiration internal: expiration
27
What nerves innervate the intercostal Mm?
intercostal Nn
28
(T/F) The external intercostal Mm fill the entire length of the intercostal space.
False - end at costochondral junction internal intercostal Mm run entire length
29
What two thoracic wall muscles run caudally & ventrally?
external intercostal Mm levatores costarum Mm
30
Levatores costarum Mm origin & insertion
origin: transverse process of T vertebrae insert: next rib
31
(T/F) All arteries of the dorsal and ventral intercostal branches come off the aorta.
False (not first 3)
32
The first 3 dorsal intercostal Aa come off at the ________.
costocervical trunk
33
The ventral intercostal branches come off of branches of the _______ A.
internal thoracic A
34
The dorsal intercostal Aa anastomose with the internal thoracic A which splits into _______ A and _______ A.
musculophrenic A cranial epigastric A
35
The dorsal intercostal Vv drain into _______ V in ruminants/pig and then into _______.
right azygous V cranial vena cava
36
The left dorsal intercostals Vv drain into ______ V and then into ______.
left azygous V coronary sinus of heart
37
Which animals have a paired azygous V?
ruminant + pig
38
What is the mediastinum?
space in thorax between left & right layers of pleura
39
The mediastinum contains all thoracic structures other than ______.
lungs
40
Where is the cranial mediastinum located?
between first rib and cranial border of heart
41
Where is caudal mediastinum located?
between caudal border of heart and diaphragm
42
What is contained in the middle mediastinum?
heart
43
Where is the dorsal mediastinum located?
base of heart and thoracic wall dorsally
44
Where is the ventral mediastinum located?
between ventral border of heart & ventral border of thoracic wall
45
"Visceral" pleura that is directly adhered to the lungs
pulmonary pleura
46
Pleura other than pulmonary with subdivisions
parietal pleura
47
What are the divisions of parietal pleura?
costal pleura diaphragmatic pleura mediastinal pleura
48
Costal pleura rests on _______.
internal intercostal Mm
49
Diaphragmatic pleura rests on _____.
diaphragm
50
Mediastinal pleura is where _____ reflects on structures in mediastinum.
costal pleura
51
Name for mediastinal pleura on pericardium
pericardial pleura
52
Pleural cavity
space between parietal + visceral pleura
53
Pericardial cavity
space between parietal + visceral layers of serous pericardium
54
What is cardiac tamponade?
hemorrhage in pericardial cavity = pressure on heart
55
What are the 2 main parts of the pericardium?
fibrous pericardium serous pericardium
56
Fibrous pericardium is made of very dense _____ and attaches to ______ in large animals.
DICCT sternopericardiac ligament
57
Term for where fibrous pericardium attaches to sternum
sternopericardiac ligament
58
The ______ pericardium is within the serous pericardium and has ____ layer(s).
serous 2
59
What are the 2 layers within the serous pericardium?
parietal lamina visceral lamina (epicardium)
60
The ascending aorta continues as the _____ --> ______ and gives rise to both _____ Aa which supply blood to the heart.
aortic arch brachiocephalic trunk coronary
61
Branches of the coronary Aa run in the _______ between ____ and ____.
coronary groove atria ventricles
62
Left coronary A divides into _____ and _____.
paraconal interventricular branch circumflex branch
63
Paraconal interventricular branch has deep branches that go into the heart called _____.
septal branches
64
Circumflex branch runs in the ______ between the ____ and ____.
coronary groove atria ventricles
65
Which species have a subsinuosal interventricular branch of the circumflex branch with NO named branches of the Right Coronary A?
ruminants + dog (sometimes cat)
66
Subsinuosal interventricular branch runs in _______ between ___ and ___.
subsinuosal interventricular groove LV RV
67
Which species does the Right Coronary A give rise to the subsinuosal interventricular branch with no named branches of the circumflex branch?
horse + pig
68
Term for terminal dilation of great cardiac V
coronary sinus
69
Coronary sinus is a terminal dilation of _____ and opens into the _____.
great cardiac V right atrium
70
Which species have paired azygous Vv?
ruminants + pig
71
In ruminants/pig, the ______ V drains into the coronary sinus.
left azygous
72
The great cardiac veins runs in the _______ --> ______ --> _____.
paraconal interventricular groove coronary groove coronary sinus
73
The middle cardiac vein begins in the ________ --> _____.
subsinuosal interventricular groove coronary sinus
74
The horse has a separate opening of the ________ into the ______.
middle cardiac V right atrium
75
What is the general lung lobe pattern?
left: -cranial lobe (cranial + caudal parts) -caudal lobe right: -cranial -middle -caudal -accessory
76
What is the horse lung lobe pattern?
left: -undivided cranial lobe -caudal lobe right: -cranial -caudal -accessory (lacks middle)
77
What is the ruminant lung lobe pattern?
left: -cranial (cranial + caudal parts) -caudal right: cranial (cranial + caudal parts) -middle -caudal -accessory
78
What are divisions within lung lobes by branches of the bronchial tree?
bronchopulmonary segments
79
The trachea divides at the base of the heart into ______.
primary/principal bronchi
80
Branch of primary bronchus to each individual lung lobe
lobar bronchi
81
Smaller bronchi that supply specific segments of individual lobe (bronchopulmonary segments)
segmental bronchi
82
Name for branch where trachea splits before primary bronchi
tracheal bronchus / accessory bronchus
83
The tracheal bronchus supplies air to the ______ lobe.
right cranial
84
Cranial Mediastinal Lnn Location
first rib --> thoracic inlet
85
Sternal Lnn Location
dorsal surface of sternum
86
Caudal Mediastinal Lnn Location
dorsal side of esophagus
87
Middle Mediastinal Lnn Location
medial side of aortic arch or thoracic aorta
88
Thoracic Aortic Lnn Location
2 chains along aorta
89
Intercostal Lnn Locatino
above thoracic aortic ln where intercostal spaces begin
90
Cranial Tracheobronchial Ln Location
at tracheal bronchus
91
Tracheobronchial Lnn Location
tracheal bifurcation
92
Pulmonary Ln Location
within lung (by primary bronchus)
93
What are the 3 parts of the diaphragm?
lumbar part costal part sternal part
94
_____ part of diaphragm attaches to lumbar vertebrae.
lumbar
95
The (left/right) crus of the diaphragm is larger.
right
96
Esophageal hiatus is within (left/right) crus.
right
97
Where is the Aortic hiatus located?
between left & right crus
98
____ part of diaphragm attaches to the ribs.
costal
99
____ part of the diaphragm attaches to the sternum.
sternal
100
Term for central aponeurosis of diaphragm
centrum tendineum
101
Opening where caudal vena cava passes through in diaphragm.
foramen venae cavae (within centrum tendineum)
102
Term for what's between the caudal mediastinum and plica vena cava (where accessory lobe of right lung sits).
mediastinal recess

Large Animal Anatomy (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions