Female Reproductive System (Exam 3)

Question 1

The ovary has endocrine function to produce _______, and exocrine function to produce _______ and ______.

Answer 1

oocyte
estrogen + progesterone

Question 2

The ovary has a _______, a depression where vessels and nerves leave.

Answer 2

hilus

Question 3

Term for the band of collagen that connects the ovary with the cranial end of the uterine horn

Answer 3

proper ligament

Question 4

Term for attachment on cranial end of ovary to fascia/peritoneum medial to the last few fibs

Answer 4

suspensory ligament

Question 5

What structure needs to be broken down to exteriorize the ovary during an ovariohysterectomy?

Answer 5

suspensory ligament

Question 6

Where does ovulation occur in horses?

Answer 6

ovarian fossa (ovulation fossa)

Question 7

What is different about the horse ovary?

Answer 7

cortical tissue in center
medulla (vessels/nerves) at periphery

Question 8

Ovarian A is a direct branch of _______ and much further (cranially/caudally) than the dog and cat.

Answer 8

abdominal aorta
caudally

Question 9

Technically, the right ovarian V drains blood to the _______, while the left ovarian V drains into the ______ first.

Answer 9

caudal vena cava
renal V

Question 10

3 parts of uterine tube

Answer 10

1. infundibulum
2. ampulla
3. isthmus

Question 11

Finger-like projections of infundibulum that surround ovary and fill with blood during ovulation

Answer 11

fimbriae

Question 12

Where does fertilization occur?

Answer 12

ampulla of uterine tube

Question 13

Narrow segment which connects with the cranial end of the uterine horn

Answer 13

isthmus of uterine tube

Question 14

Opening from isthmus into uterine horn

Answer 14

uterine ostium

Question 15

Mesentery that attaches to uterine tube

Answer 15

mesosalpinx

Question 16

3 parts of the uterus

Answer 16

1. horns
2. body
3. cervix

Question 17

Term for the dorsal and ventral folds of peritoneum in the bovine which can be used for pregnancy checks.

Answer 17

intercornual ligaments

Question 18

Because of the uterine horns, the uterus is described as ______.

Answer 18

bicornate uterus

Question 19

What is unique about the uterine horns of the pig?

Answer 19

long & coiled due to litter bearing (lots of offspring)

Question 20

Structure that separates non-sterile environment of vagina from sterile environment of uterine body.

Answer 20

cervix

Question 21

What two tasks make the cervix significant in large animal medicine?

Answer 21

AI + medicating

Question 22

Internal uterine ostium is the opening from the _______ into the _______.

Answer 22

cervical canal –> body of uterus

Question 23

External uterine ostium is the opening from the ______ into the _______.

Answer 23

cervical canal –> vagina

Question 24

Term for large folds of interdigitating mucosa in cow

Answer 24

circular folds

Question 25

The circular folds of the cow are oriented (obliquely/longitudinally/transversely) which make it more difficult to pass a pipette.

Answer 25

transversely

Question 26

Pigs have cork-screw shaped projections from the wall of the cervix called _______.

Answer 26

cervical pads

Question 27

The cow has ____ oriented folds of cervical mucosa, while the horse has ______ oriented folds.

Answer 27

transversely longitudinally

Question 28

Term for cone-like projection of cervix into vagina

Answer 28

vaginal portion of cervix

Question 29

Ruminants have ______ in their endometrium which enlarge during pregnancy for exchange of the fetal and maternal circulation.

Answer 29

caruncles

Question 30

What are 3 vessels which supply blood to the uterine tube and uterus?

Answer 30

1. uterine branches of ovarian A. 2. uterine A. 3. uterine branch of vaginal A.

Question 31

The uterine A is a branch of the _____ A in the cow and directly from the ______ A in the mare.

Answer 31

umbilical A external iliac A

Question 32

Which artery has turbulent flow which you can palpate during pregnancy?

Answer 32

uterine A

Question 33

Uterine A is also called the _______ A.

Answer 33

middle uterine

Question 34

The sensation of palpating turbulent flow of the uterine A during pregnancy is called _______.

Answer 34

fremitus

Question 35

The uterine branch of the vaginal A comes off the ______ A in the mare, and comes off the ______ A in the cow.

Answer 35

internal pudendal internal iliac

Question 36

What are the 3 components of the broad ligament? What structures do they surround?

Answer 36

mesovarium: ovary mesosalpinx: uterine tube mesometrium: uterus

Question 37

The ovarian bursa is the space between _______ and ______.

Answer 37

mesosalpinx distal mesovarium

Question 38

What lines the vagina?

Answer 38

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 39

The vagina is between the ______ and ______.

Answer 39

cervix vestibule

Question 40

The vagina is oriented __________.

Answer 40

caudoventrally

Question 41

Term for cranial end of vagina around the cervix

Answer 41

fornix

Question 42

Term for transverse fold of mucosa at junction of vestibule of vagina

Answer 42

hymen

Question 43

Where do you insert a catheter for obtaining a urine sample?

Answer 43

external urethral orifice

Question 44

Term for glands lateral to external urethral orifice in the vestibule that secrete lubricating mucous

Answer 44

vestibular glands

Question 45

Term for the openings parallel with the cranial edge of the external urethral orifice that are remnants of what would be the ductus deferens

Answer 45

vestigial ductus deferens

Question 46

What is the clinical significance of the vestigial ductus deferens?

Answer 46

can develop cysts that may need to be drained

Question 47

Term for masses of erectile tissue in wall of vestibule of vagina

Answer 47

vestibular bulbs

Question 48

What is the main vessel that supplies blood to the vagina, vestibule, and a portion of the uterus and bladder?

Answer 48

vaginal A

Question 49

The vaginal A is a branch of the ______ A in the mare, and a branch of the _______ A in the cow.

Answer 49

internal pudendal internal iliac

Question 50

What two branches does the vaginal A give off?

Answer 50

1. caudal vesical uterine branch of vaginal A

Question 51

(T/F) The labia are paired.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Term for the space between the two labia

Answer 52

rima pudenda

Question 53

The left and right labia communicate dorsally at the ________ and ventrally at the ________.

Answer 53

dorsal commissure ventral commissure

Question 54

Term for incisure of vulva for delivery of a large fetus

Answer 54

episiotomy

Question 55

The clitoris is only significant in what large animal?

Answer 55

mare

Question 56

Where is the glans clitoris located?

Answer 56

fossa of clitoris

Question 57

The clitoris has __ crura which attach where?

Answer 57

2 medial aspect of ischiatic tuberosity

Question 58

The erectile tissue that extends from each crus of the clitoris is called _________.

Answer 58

corpora cavernosa

Question 59

Which species has a fold of mucosa covering the glans of the clitoris called the "prepuce of the clitoris"?

Answer 59

mare

Question 60

Term for the structure that forms folds come together to form a ridge in the dorsal midline of the urethra

Answer 60

urethral crest

Question 61

The cow has a pocket beneath the opening of the urethra which is called _________ and important when inserting a catheter.

Answer 61

suburethral diverticulum

Question 62

(T/F) The urethralis M extends the entire length of the urethra.

Answer 62

False - only caudal end (pelvic urethra)

Question 63

What muscle allows for voluntary urinary control?

Answer 63

urethralis M

Question 64

What nerve innervates the urethralis M?

Answer 64

pudendal N

Question 65

What two muscles blend with the urethralis M in the female?

Answer 65

constrictor vulvae M constrictor vestibulae M

Question 66

What lymph nodes are located along the abdominal aorta and caudal vena cava and drain lymph from the ovary, uterine tube, and uterus?

Answer 66

lumbar lnn

Question 67

Which 3 lymph nodes drain lymph from the urinary bladder, urethra, vagina, and vestibule? Where are they located?

Answer 67

1. medial iliac 2. iliofemoral (deep inguinal) 3. sacral Location: near where external/internal iliac Aa arise

Question 68

In the ____, the iliofemoral or deep inguinal lymph nodes are large and receive lymph from the mammary lymph nodes. What is the significance?

Answer 68

cow enlargement may indicate mastitis infection

Question 69

What lymph node drains lymph from the vulva and clitoris?

Answer 69

superficial inguinal ln