Female Reproductive System (Exam 3) Flashcards
The ovary has endocrine function to produce _______, and exocrine function to produce _______ and ______.
oocyte
estrogen + progesterone
The ovary has a _______, a depression where vessels and nerves leave.
hilus
Term for the band of collagen that connects the ovary with the cranial end of the uterine horn
proper ligament
Term for attachment on cranial end of ovary to fascia/peritoneum medial to the last few fibs
suspensory ligament
What structure needs to be broken down to exteriorize the ovary during an ovariohysterectomy?
suspensory ligament
Where does ovulation occur in horses?
ovarian fossa (ovulation fossa)
What is different about the horse ovary?
cortical tissue in center
medulla (vessels/nerves) at periphery
Ovarian A is a direct branch of _______ and much further (cranially/caudally) than the dog and cat.
abdominal aorta
caudally
Technically, the right ovarian V drains blood to the _______, while the left ovarian V drains into the ______ first.
caudal vena cava
renal V
3 parts of uterine tube
- infundibulum
- ampulla
- isthmus
Finger-like projections of infundibulum that surround ovary and fill with blood during ovulation
fimbriae
Where does fertilization occur?
ampulla of uterine tube
Narrow segment which connects with the cranial end of the uterine horn
isthmus of uterine tube
Opening from isthmus into uterine horn
uterine ostium
Mesentery that attaches to uterine tube
mesosalpinx
3 parts of the uterus
- horns
- body
- cervix
Term for the dorsal and ventral folds of peritoneum in the bovine which can be used for pregnancy checks.
intercornual ligaments
Because of the uterine horns, the uterus is described as ______.
bicornate uterus
What is unique about the uterine horns of the pig?
long & coiled due to litter bearing (lots of offspring)
Structure that separates non-sterile environment of vagina from sterile environment of uterine body.
cervix
What two tasks make the cervix significant in large animal medicine?
AI + medicating
Internal uterine ostium is the opening from the _______ into the _______.
cervical canal –> body of uterus
External uterine ostium is the opening from the ______ into the _______.
cervical canal –> vagina
Term for large folds of interdigitating mucosa in cow
circular folds
The circular folds of the cow are oriented (obliquely/longitudinally/transversely) which make it more difficult to pass a pipette.
transversely
Pigs have cork-screw shaped projections from the wall of the cervix called _______.
cervical pads
The cow has ____ oriented folds of cervical mucosa, while the horse has ______ oriented folds.
transversely
longitudinally
Term for cone-like projection of cervix into vagina
vaginal portion of cervix
Ruminants have ______ in their endometrium which enlarge during pregnancy for exchange of the fetal and maternal circulation.
caruncles
What are 3 vessels which supply blood to the uterine tube and uterus?
- uterine branches of ovarian A.
- uterine A.
- uterine branch of vaginal A.
The uterine A is a branch of the _____ A in the cow and directly from the ______ A in the mare.
umbilical A
external iliac A
Which artery has turbulent flow which you can palpate during pregnancy?
uterine A
Uterine A is also called the _______ A.
middle uterine
The sensation of palpating turbulent flow of the uterine A during pregnancy is called _______.
fremitus
The uterine branch of the vaginal A comes off the ______ A in the mare, and comes off the ______ A in the cow.
internal pudendal
internal iliac
What are the 3 components of the broad ligament? What structures do they surround?
mesovarium: ovary
mesosalpinx: uterine tube
mesometrium: uterus
The ovarian bursa is the space between _______ and ______.
mesosalpinx
distal mesovarium
What lines the vagina?
stratified squamous epithelium
The vagina is between the ______ and ______.
cervix
vestibule
The vagina is oriented __________.
caudoventrally
Term for cranial end of vagina around the cervix
fornix
Term for transverse fold of mucosa at junction of vestibule of vagina
hymen
Where do you insert a catheter for obtaining a urine sample?
external urethral orifice
Term for glands lateral to external urethral orifice in the vestibule that secrete lubricating mucous
vestibular glands
Term for the openings parallel with the cranial edge of the external urethral orifice that are remnants of what would be the ductus deferens
vestigial ductus deferens
What is the clinical significance of the vestigial ductus deferens?
can develop cysts that may need to be drained
Term for masses of erectile tissue in wall of vestibule of vagina
vestibular bulbs
What is the main vessel that supplies blood to the vagina, vestibule, and a portion of the uterus and bladder?
vaginal A
The vaginal A is a branch of the ______ A in the mare, and a branch of the _______ A in the cow.
internal pudendal
internal iliac
What two branches does the vaginal A give off?
- caudal vesical
uterine branch of vaginal A
(T/F) The labia are paired.
True
Term for the space between the two labia
rima pudenda
The left and right labia communicate dorsally at the ________ and ventrally at the ________.
dorsal commissure
ventral commissure
Term for incisure of vulva for delivery of a large fetus
episiotomy
The clitoris is only significant in what large animal?
mare
Where is the glans clitoris located?
fossa of clitoris
The clitoris has __ crura which attach where?
2
medial aspect of ischiatic tuberosity
The erectile tissue that extends from each crus of the clitoris is called _________.
corpora cavernosa
Which species has a fold of mucosa covering the glans of the clitoris called the “prepuce of the clitoris”?
mare
Term for the structure that forms folds come together to form a ridge in the dorsal midline of the urethra
urethral crest
The cow has a pocket beneath the opening of the urethra which is called _________ and important when inserting a catheter.
suburethral diverticulum
(T/F) The urethralis M extends the entire length of the urethra.
False - only caudal end (pelvic urethra)
What muscle allows for voluntary urinary control?
urethralis M
What nerve innervates the urethralis M?
pudendal N
What two muscles blend with the urethralis M in the female?
constrictor vulvae M
constrictor vestibulae M
What lymph nodes are located along the abdominal aorta and caudal vena cava and drain lymph from the ovary, uterine tube, and uterus?
lumbar lnn
Which 3 lymph nodes drain lymph from the urinary bladder, urethra, vagina, and vestibule? Where are they located?
- medial iliac
- iliofemoral (deep inguinal)
- sacral
Location: near where external/internal iliac Aa arise
In the ____, the iliofemoral or deep inguinal lymph nodes are large and receive lymph from the mammary lymph nodes. What is the significance?
cow
enlargement may indicate mastitis infection
What lymph node drains lymph from the vulva and clitoris?
superficial inguinal ln
