Nasal Cavity + Paranasal Sinuses

Question 1

Term for rostral opening into nasal cavity.

Answer 1

nares (nostrils)

Question 2

The horse has a “false nostril” which is blind pocket lined with thin skin called:

Answer 2

nasal diverticulum

Question 3

Suspected reason for nasal diverticulum

Answer 3

inflates to increase nostril size to allow more air into nasal cavity (for exercise)

Question 4

Region of hairless skin at nose between nostrils and on upper lips only in cow.

Answer 4

nasolabial plane

Question 5

While the cow has nasolabial plane, the dog/cat have a _____ plane and pig has a ______ plane.

Answer 5

nasal
rostral

Question 6

What cartilage supports the nostril in the horse?

Answer 6

alar cartilage

Question 7

The alar cartilage in the horse has a _______ wide or thick portion and a _______ ventrally curving portion.

Answer 7

lamina
cornu

Question 8

Nostril leads into the first part of the nasal cavity called:

Answer 8

vestibule

Question 9

Rostral opening that drains tears from the eye down into the nasal cavity.

Answer 9

ostium of nasolacrimal duct

Question 10

What is the clinical significance of the ostium of the nasolacrimal duct?

Answer 10

can place catheter in horse to medicate eye

Question 11

Term for boundary between vestibule of nasal cavity and nasal cavity proper.

Answer 11

limen nasi

Question 12

The dorsal and ventral nasal conchae are covered by _______ tunica mucosa.

Answer 12

respiratory

Question 13

Of the ethmoid conchae, which is the largest?

Answer 13

middle nasal concha

Question 14

The ethmoid and middle nasal conchae are covered by ________ tunica mucosa.

Answer 14

olfactory

Question 15

______ is a passageway where air flows in the nasal cavity.

Answer 15

meatus

Question 16

_______ meatus is between the dorsal and ventral nasal conchae while _________ meatus is between nasal conchae and the mucosa covering the nasal septum.

Answer 16

middle nasal meatus
common nasal meatus

Question 17

Opening/communication between nasal cavity & nasopharynx on either side.

Answer 17

choanae

Question 18

Clinical significance of nasal conchae in pigs.

Answer 18

strain of Pasteurella –> nasal conchae atrophy = atrophic rhinitis

Question 19

What structures are a diverticulum of mucosa of the nasal cavity in all domestic animals that invade bones of the skull?

Answer 19

paranasal sinuses

Question 20

What is the function of paranasal sinuses?

Answer 20

lighten head of large animals

Question 21

(T/F) Paranasal sinuses enlarge as the animal matures.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

_______ mucosa lines paranasal sinuses.

Answer 22

respiratory

Question 23

What are the paranasal sinuses located between?

Answer 23

internal and external laminae of cranial bones

Question 24

Term for spongy bone of the skull.

Answer 24

diploe

Question 25

What does diploe of the skull contain?

Answer 25

red bone marrow

Question 26

Of all paranasal sinuses in domestic mammals, which is missing in the horse? Pig? Ox?

Answer 26

horse: lacrimal sinus
pig: palatine sinus
ox: none (has all 6)

Question 27

In the horse, the frontal sinus is continuous with the dorsal conchal sinus, forming the ________ sinus while other species just have a ________ sinus.

Answer 27

conchofrontal sinus
frontal

Question 28

(T/F) The sphenoid and palatine sinus in the ox combine to form the sphenopalatine sinus.

Answer 28

False - horse

Question 29

In the horse, there are two maxillary sinuses called ______ and ______ separated by ________.

Answer 29

rostral maxillary + caudal maxillary
oblique septum

Question 30

In the horse, all paranasal sinuses communicate either directly or indirectly with what structure?

Answer 30

middle nasal meatus

Question 31

Which sinus occupies most of the frontal bone in the ox?

Answer 31

caudal frontal sinus

Question 32

In the ox, there are 3 small _______ sinuses in the frontal bone.

Answer 32

rostral frontal sinuses

Question 33

What is the significance of the cornual diverticulum of the caudal frontal sinus extending into the cornual process of the frontal bone in the ox?

Answer 33

need to cover after dehorning to prevent maggots and infections

Question 34

In the ox, the ______ and ______ diverticula extend ventrally from the caudal frontal sinus.

Answer 34

postorbital
nuchal

Question 35

(T/F) In the ox, the lacrimal sinus extends into the lacrimal bulla.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

In the ox, the maxillary sinus extends into the _______.

Answer 36

lacrimal bulla

Question 37

In the ox, all paranasal sinuses communicate directly or indirectly with what two structures?

Answer 37

middle nasal meatus OR
ethmoid meatuses