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Large Animal Anatomy > Digit 2 (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Digit 2 (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What parts of the limb are blocked with a palmar digital nerve block?

A

mid-pastern and rest of hoof distally

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2
Q

What are 2 common nerve blocks done for the distal thoracic limb?

A

palmar digital nerve block
abaxial nerve block

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3
Q

Term for ossification of hoof cartilage where it becomes immobile and cannot function properly.

A

side bone

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4
Q

In laminitis, there is pull of the _______ on the _____ bone which causes what?

A

DDFT
coffin
rotation of the bone

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5
Q

_____ starts to grow faster than the ______ with laminitis.

A

heel
toe

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6
Q

Term for procedure where a contrast agent is injected to see vasculature damage for laminitis.

A

venogram

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7
Q

A lack of pressure on the frog and digital cushion leads to _________. What is this commonly seen in?

A

contracted heels
padded show horses

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8
Q

What is “club foot”?

A

contracture of DDFT

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9
Q

Two possible causes of club foot

A
  1. genetic
  2. nutritional
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10
Q

Treatment for club foot

A

desmotomy of distal check ligament

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11
Q

Term for subacute or acute necrotic infection of digital region in cattle

A

footrot

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12
Q

What 3 symptoms are seen with footrot in cattle?

A
  1. pain
  2. severe lameness
  3. decreased milk production
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13
Q

A _______ test is part of a lameness exam to localize the lameness.

A

flexion

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14
Q

_______ syndrome is associated with forelimb lameness.

A

navicular

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15
Q

What nerve block is used for navicular syndrome?

A

palmar digital nerve block

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16
Q

What are 2 treatments for navicular syndrome?

A
  1. shoeing
  2. neurectomy
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17
Q

(T/F) Transecting a nerve during a neurectomy is an efficient way to treat navicular syndrome.

A

False - need to remove 1 inch (can regrow if just transect)

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18
Q

What structure is important to be mindful of with a neurectomy of digital Nn?

A

ligament of the ergot

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19
Q

Term for hoof cartilage infection

A

quittor

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20
Q

_______ laceration is common in horses from wire cuts, rope burns, and is difficult to heal.

A

heel bulb

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21
Q

Term for osteoarthritis of middle phalanx

A

ring bone

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22
Q

Two types of “ring bone”

A
  1. high (proximal)
  2. low (coffin joint problem)
23
Q

“Ring bone” is osteoarthritis of what?

A

middle phalanx

24
Q

Term for fracture of hoof wall

A

hoof wall avulsion

25
Q

Term for neoplastic tissue that can proliferate and can present differently. This develops from an immune reaction to what disease?

A

sarcoid
papilloma virus

26
Q

Term for effusion in palmar/plantar fetlock joint

A

windpuffs

27
Q

What 2 things can be used to manage windpuffs?

A
  1. pressure wraps
  2. joint injection (with lameness)
28
Q

What can result from puncture wounds in the sole?

A

abscesses

29
Q

What is the sign of hoof abscesses?

A

acute lameness

30
Q

Term for small stone that works it way up to the white line to exit at the coronary band in hoof abscesses?

A

gravel

31
Q

What is a “street nail”?

A

nail that penetrates navicular bursa

32
Q

Term for infection from buildup of mud/manure on the frog

A

thrush

33
Q

Bacteria sequestered in a joint causes what disease?

A

septic arthritis

34
Q

How do you treat septic arthritis?

A

torniquets and antibiotics

35
Q

Function of passive stay-apparatus in the horse

A

provides ability to stand for long periods of time

36
Q

What muscle suspends the body and transfers force to the thoracic limb (part of the stay apparatus)?

A

serratus ventralis M

37
Q

Biceps brachii tendon forms continuous, fibrous band to extensor carpi radialis M called:

A

lacertus fibrosus

38
Q

Fill-in the blank for the process of the stay apparatus process:

  1. Force on the _________ M –> flexing of shoulder
  2. Flexion of shoulder –> tension on ________ tendon.
  3. Tendon tightens and pulls on _________.
  4. Force is transferred past ________ M belly to its tendon.
A
  1. serratus ventralis M
  2. biceps brachii tendon
  3. lacertus fibrosus
  4. extensor carpi radialis M
39
Q

The collateral ligaments of the elbow are slightly ______ to the axis of rotation. This prevents ________.

A

caudal
flexion

40
Q

Where does most of the weight of the thoracic limb rest?

A

radius

41
Q

Flexion of the elbow is prevented by passive tension of which muscles?

A

carpal flexor + digital flexors Mm

42
Q

Which parts of the triceps brachii remain flaccid in terms of the stay apparatus? Why?

A

long + lateral heads
keeps elbow in extension

43
Q

Tension of the entire arrangement of the triceps brachii M prevents what?

A

flexion of carpus

44
Q

Which structures keep the carpus in extension?

A

SDFT + DDFT check ligaments

45
Q

Overextension of the fetlock joint is prevented by __________, via the _______ ligaments.

A

suspensory apparatus
proximal & distal check

46
Q

Another name for suspensory ligament

A

interosseous medius M

47
Q

Which 4 structures are part of the suspensory apparatus?

A
  1. suspensory ligament
  2. proximal sesamoid bones
  3. sesamoidean ligaments
  4. collateral ligaments
48
Q

When there is problem with the stay apparatus, what sign is seen?

A

fetlock joint “drops”

49
Q

__________ tendon is involved in stabilizing both the fetlock and the digit.

A

common digital extensor

50
Q

Overextension of the pastern joint is prevented by what 3 things?

A
  1. palmar ligaments
  2. straight sesamoidean ligament
  3. DDFT
51
Q

What prevents flexion of the pastern joint?

A

SDFT

52
Q

______ pulls on the coffin joint and causes flexion.

A

DDFT

53
Q

Tension on the ________ of the suspensory ligament prevents flexion of coffin joint by DDFT.

A

extensor processes

Large Animal Anatomy (41 decks)

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