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Large Animal Anatomy > Thoracic Limb 1 (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Thoracic Limb 1 (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

_______ act on joints.

A

muscles

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2
Q

Compare how a horse gets up to how an ox gets up.

A

Horse: swings head to get thoracic limbs up, then pelvic limbs
Ox: raises pelvic limbs, then thoracic limbs

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3
Q

Conformation of the limb affects _________.

A

movement

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4
Q

Poor conformation of the limb can lead to what 3 problems?

A

arthritis
splints
lameness

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5
Q

Horse people call _______ the “knee”.

A

carpus

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6
Q

Many limb conformation problems occur at the ________.

A

carpus

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7
Q

What percent of an ox or horse’s body weight is on the thoracic limbs? Why is this significant?

A

55-60%
where most lameness occurs

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8
Q

In the thoracic limb, most lameness is related to the _______.

A

digit

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9
Q

How do cattle walk when lame?

A

walk with arched back in pain

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10
Q

(T/F) There is no bony attachment of the thoracic limb to the trunk of the body.

A

True

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11
Q

Because the thoracic limb has no bony attachment to the trunk of the body, it is attached by _______ and _______.

A

muscles
ligaments

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12
Q

Within the scapula, the horse doesn’t have a(n) _________.

A

acromion

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13
Q

The spine of the scapula divides it into ________ and _______. Which is larger / smaller? Which is cranial / caudal?

A

supraspinatus fossa: smaller, cranial
infraspinatus fossa: larger, caudal

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14
Q

Which muscles attach to the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa of the scapula?

A

supraspinatus M
infraspinatus M

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15
Q

What is the term for the dorsal border of the scapula overlying dorsal spinous processes of the first few several thoracic vertebrae?

A

withers

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16
Q

Term for infection of the supraspinous bursa

A

fistulous withers

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17
Q

Fistulous withers is relatively common in what animal?

A

draft horses (ill-fitting collar)

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18
Q

What extrinsic muscle of the thoracic limb is important to the stay apparatus?

A

serratus ventralis

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19
Q

Which two vessels run through the lateral pectoral groove?

A

cephalic V
deltoid branch of superficial cervical A

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20
Q

What disease can occur from damage on the lateral pectoral region? Why?

A

Horner’s syndrome
middle cervical ggl + SNS run with vagosympathetic trunk in this region

21
Q

What is a unique feature of the humerus of the horse?

A

intermediate tubercle with two intertubercular grooves

22
Q

What lies on the intertubercular grooves of the humerus of the horse?

A

tendons of biceps brachii M (split in horse)

23
Q

(Greater/lesser) tubercle of the humerus is lateral.

A

greater

24
Q

What muscle group attaches to the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus?

A

pectoral Mm

25
Q

(T/F) You cannot palpate the point of the shoulder on a standing horse.

A

False

26
Q

What is different about the superficial cervical lymph nodes between the cow vs. horse?

A

Horse: small group, not palpable
Ox: large, palpable

27
Q

What is the superficial cervical lymph node of the ox called in practice?

A

prescapular

28
Q

(T/F) The horse has a clavicle but the ox does not.

A

False - neither

29
Q

The shoulder joint is made up of what 2 things?

A

supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
biceps brachii M

30
Q

Glenoid cavity of the scapula is surrounded by a rim of cartilage that deepens the cavity called the ________.

A

labrum

31
Q

The shoulder joint is technically called a _______ joint. What two actions is it restricted to?

A

spheroid
extension + flexion

32
Q

(T/F) The shoulder joint has a medial and lateral collateral ligament which stabilize it.

A

False - NO collateral joints!

33
Q

Because the shoulder joint has no collateral ligaments, stability is primarily provided by what two things?

A

tendons of infraspinatus + subscapularis Mm

34
Q

The large joint capsule of the shoulder joint is reinforced by two ________ ligaments.

A

glenohumeral

35
Q

Why is it difficult to get a good quality radiograph of the thoracic limb?

A

cassette has to be up underneath the axillary region

36
Q

Define intrinsic muscles.

A

do not connect to body proper, all contained within thoracic limb

37
Q

*What are the 2 landmarks of the bursa of the infraspinatus M?

A
  1. caudal part of greater tubercle
  2. tendon of infraspinatus M
38
Q

What bursa is located between the tendon of the biceps brachii M and the bone?

A

intertubercular bursa

39
Q

*What term is given to the intertubercular bursa in practice?

A

bicipital bursa

40
Q

What is the landmark for injecting the bicipital (intertubercular) bursa?

A

deltoid tuberosity (lateral aspect palpable in horse)

41
Q

2 parts of the deltoideus in the ox

A

scapular part
acromion part

42
Q

The internal tendon of the biceps brachii M of the horse and ox blends with the connective tissue of _________ M to form what?

A

extensor carpi radialis M
lacertus fibrosus

43
Q

Term for firm structure on flexor aspect of elbow

A

lacertus fibrosus

44
Q

What is the significance of the lacertus fibrosus?

A

important for stay apparatus

45
Q

Which muscle is an antagonist to the biceps brachii M?

A

triceps brachii M

46
Q

Which species has an accessory head of the triceps brachii M?

A

ox

47
Q

What muscle tenses the shoulder joint capsule? Which species is it inconsistent in?

A

articularis humeri M
bovine

48
Q

Match the lymph node and species by location which lymph drains from:

  1. thoracic wall, shoulder & brachium Mm –> caudal deep cervical lnn
  2. pectoral Mm, shoulder & brachial Mm, bones to carpus, scalenus, serratus ventralis
  3. shoulder & brachium Mm, bones to carpus
  4. elbow joint, muscles, tendons
A
  1. proper axillary (equine)
  2. axillary (bovine)
  3. proper axillary (bovine)
  4. cubital (equine)
49
Q

______ lymph nodes are located caudal to the shoulder joint on the medial aspect of the limb. ______ lymph nodes are on the medial aspect of the humerus proximal to the elbow.

A

axillary
cubital

Large Animal Anatomy (41 decks)

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