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Large Animal Anatomy > Digit 1 (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Digit 1 (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

The “cannon” includes all skeletal and soft tissue between the ______ and ______ in horses and cattle.

A

carpus
fetlock

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2
Q

How many MC bones are in the horse?

A

3

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3
Q

The tuberosity on the dorsoproximal MC3 is the attachment for what structure?

A

distal tendon of extensor carpi radialis M

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4
Q

In the standing animal, there is pressure on the shoulder joint which starts to flex. This pulls on __________ and locks the limb in ________. What is its significance?

A

biceps brachii M
extension
stay apparatus

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5
Q

Which MCs are fused in the ox? Which MC is vestigial?

A

3 & 4
5

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6
Q

“Splints” in horses are a disruption of what?

A

interosseus ligament

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7
Q

(T/F) Splints can cause long-lasting lameness and may need surgical intervention.

A

False - become a blemish overtime

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8
Q

“Bucked shins” are also known as:

A

dorsal metacarpal periostitis

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9
Q

What is seen on a radiograph with a horse that has bucked shins?

A

thickening of cortical bone

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10
Q

What 2 treatments methods are used for bucked shins?

A
  1. shock wave therapy
  2. pin firing (up inflammation, up blood flow)
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11
Q

What condition can be caused by fatigue fracture in racehorses, is slow to heal, and can be recurrent?

A

dorsal cortical stress fracture of MC3

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12
Q

Interosseus medius M is also known as:

A

suspensory ligament

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13
Q

2 functions of interosseus medius M

A
  1. support fetlock joint
  2. counteract overextension of fetlock
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14
Q

What is different about the bovine interosseus M compared to horse?

A

2 interosseus Mm
more muscley in ox

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15
Q

Term for plate underneath sesamoid bones

A

scutum

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16
Q

Significance of suspensory apparatus of fetlock

A

keep fetlock in suspension to keep limb from collapsing when locked

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17
Q

Interosseus III & IV are fused with ________ to the SDFT.

A

accessory ligament

18
Q

Suspensory apparatus injury is most common in:

A

thoroughbred racehorses

19
Q

What 2 problems can cause suspensory apparatus injury?

A
  1. proximal sesamoid bone fracture
  2. distal sesamoid ligament of pastern avulsion
20
Q

What is suspensory desmitis?

A

inflammation of suspensory ligament

21
Q

What is a “bowed tendon”?

A

tendonitis or SDFT or DDFT

22
Q

(T/F) Treatment for a bowed tendon is difficult and uses ice, bandaging, NSAIDs, rest, and pin-firing.

A

True

23
Q

There are greater species differences (proximally/distally) of the vasculature in the cow vs. the horse.

A

distally (1 vs 2 digits)

24
Q

“Spur vein” =

A

superficial thoracic V (equine)

25
Q

Term for block named for blocking 2 nerves (medial & lateral) of the distal limb

A

low four-point block

26
Q

Injections for nerve blocks should start (low/high) and then go (higher/lower).

A

low (distal)
higher (proximal)

27
Q

Term for accumulation of fluid in a sac, cyst, or bursa

A

hygroma

28
Q

Term for disease of ligaments

A

desmopathy

29
Q

Term for cutting or division of ligaments

A

desmotomy

30
Q

“Sweeney” is the term for atrophy of _______ and _______ Mm due to injury of what nerve?

A

infraspinatus + supraspinatus Mm
suprascapular N

31
Q

What two fracture types are chronic, fatigue injuries, and from osteochondral fragmentation?

A
  1. chip fracture
  2. slab facture
32
Q

What is “capped elbow”?

A

olecranon bursitis

33
Q

What causes olecranon bursitis?

A

trauma from shoe heels when lying down

34
Q

Olecranon bursitis has a (good/poor) prognosis.

A

Good (considered a blemish)

35
Q

What sign should indicate a lame cow?

A

arched back with head down

36
Q

What is a firm swelling that is hard to resolve in cattle and caused by intermittent trauma?

A

carpal hygroma

37
Q

What is the most common injury of thoracic limb in cattle?

A

fracture of MC3 & 4

38
Q

Condition in Jersey cows where they stand with shoulder and elbow slightly abducted but is of little consequence?

A

winged shoulder

39
Q

Term for myopathy of cattle turned out in spring where muscle tissue degenerates on dorsal border of scapula

A

flying scapula

40
Q

What is seen in “white line” disease in cattle?

A

white line where sole and hoof wall come together

41
Q

Fescue foot is a problem with ________ in cattle and can lead to ________.

A

milk production
septic arthritis

42
Q

The horse distal limb is likely to develop exuberant granulation tissue or “_______”.

A

proud flesh

Large Animal Anatomy (41 decks)

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