Digit 1 (Exam 1)

Question 1

The “cannon” includes all skeletal and soft tissue between the ______ and ______ in horses and cattle.

Answer 1

carpus
fetlock

Question 2

How many MC bones are in the horse?

Answer 2

3

Question 3

The tuberosity on the dorsoproximal MC3 is the attachment for what structure?

Answer 3

distal tendon of extensor carpi radialis M

Question 4

In the standing animal, there is pressure on the shoulder joint which starts to flex. This pulls on __________ and locks the limb in ________. What is its significance?

Answer 4

biceps brachii M
extension
stay apparatus

Question 5

Which MCs are fused in the ox? Which MC is vestigial?

Answer 5

3 & 4
5

Question 6

“Splints” in horses are a disruption of what?

Answer 6

interosseus ligament

Question 7

(T/F) Splints can cause long-lasting lameness and may need surgical intervention.

Answer 7

False - become a blemish overtime

Question 8

“Bucked shins” are also known as:

Answer 8

dorsal metacarpal periostitis

Question 9

What is seen on a radiograph with a horse that has bucked shins?

Answer 9

thickening of cortical bone

Question 10

What 2 treatments methods are used for bucked shins?

Answer 10

1. shock wave therapy
2. pin firing (up inflammation, up blood flow)

Question 11

What condition can be caused by fatigue fracture in racehorses, is slow to heal, and can be recurrent?

Answer 11

dorsal cortical stress fracture of MC3

Question 12

Interosseus medius M is also known as:

Answer 12

suspensory ligament

Question 13

2 functions of interosseus medius M

Answer 13

1. support fetlock joint
2. counteract overextension of fetlock

Question 14

What is different about the bovine interosseus M compared to horse?

Answer 14

2 interosseus Mm
more muscley in ox

Question 15

Term for plate underneath sesamoid bones

Answer 15

scutum

Question 16

Significance of suspensory apparatus of fetlock

Answer 16

keep fetlock in suspension to keep limb from collapsing when locked

Question 17

Interosseus III & IV are fused with ________ to the SDFT.

Answer 17

accessory ligament

Question 18

Suspensory apparatus injury is most common in:

Answer 18

thoroughbred racehorses

Question 19

What 2 problems can cause suspensory apparatus injury?

Answer 19

1. proximal sesamoid bone fracture
2. distal sesamoid ligament of pastern avulsion

Question 20

What is suspensory desmitis?

Answer 20

inflammation of suspensory ligament

Question 21

What is a “bowed tendon”?

Answer 21

tendonitis or SDFT or DDFT

Question 22

(T/F) Treatment for a bowed tendon is difficult and uses ice, bandaging, NSAIDs, rest, and pin-firing.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

There are greater species differences (proximally/distally) of the vasculature in the cow vs. the horse.

Answer 23

distally (1 vs 2 digits)

Question 24

“Spur vein” =

Answer 24

superficial thoracic V (equine)

Question 25

Term for block named for blocking 2 nerves (medial & lateral) of the distal limb

Answer 25

low four-point block

Question 26

Injections for nerve blocks should start (low/high) and then go (higher/lower).

Answer 26

low (distal) higher (proximal)

Question 27

Term for accumulation of fluid in a sac, cyst, or bursa

Answer 27

hygroma

Question 28

Term for disease of ligaments

Answer 28

desmopathy

Question 29

Term for cutting or division of ligaments

Answer 29

desmotomy

Question 30

"Sweeney" is the term for atrophy of _______ and _______ Mm due to injury of what nerve?

Answer 30

infraspinatus + supraspinatus Mm suprascapular N

Question 31

What two fracture types are chronic, fatigue injuries, and from osteochondral fragmentation?

Answer 31

1. chip fracture 2. slab facture

Question 32

What is "capped elbow"?

Answer 32

olecranon bursitis

Question 33

What causes olecranon bursitis?

Answer 33

trauma from shoe heels when lying down

Question 34

Olecranon bursitis has a (good/poor) prognosis.

Answer 34

Good (considered a blemish)

Question 35

What sign should indicate a lame cow?

Answer 35

arched back with head down

Question 36

What is a firm swelling that is hard to resolve in cattle and caused by intermittent trauma?

Answer 36

carpal hygroma

Question 37

What is the most common injury of thoracic limb in cattle?

Answer 37

fracture of MC3 & 4

Question 38

Condition in Jersey cows where they stand with shoulder and elbow slightly abducted but is of little consequence?

Answer 38

winged shoulder

Question 39

Term for myopathy of cattle turned out in spring where muscle tissue degenerates on dorsal border of scapula

Answer 39

flying scapula

Question 40

What is seen in "white line" disease in cattle?

Answer 40

white line where sole and hoof wall come together

Question 41

Fescue foot is a problem with ________ in cattle and can lead to ________.

Answer 41

milk production septic arthritis

Question 42

The horse distal limb is likely to develop exuberant granulation tissue or "_______".

Answer 42

proud flesh