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Large Animal Anatomy > Osteology (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Osteology (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

The sacrum articulates with _______ to form the _______ joints.

A

wings of the ilia
sacroiliac

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2
Q

Cranial articular processes of the sacral vertebrae articulate with ________.

A

caudal articular processes of last lumbar vertebra

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3
Q

The auricular surface of the wing of the sacrum articulates with __________.

A

auricular surface of wing of ilium

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4
Q

The caudal articular processes on the apex of the sacrum are only present in what species?

A

carnivores + pig

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5
Q

The dorsal sacral foramina on the sacrum transmit ________.

A

dorsal branches of sacral spinal nerves

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6
Q

The median sacral crest of the sacrum is formed by fusion of _______.

A

spinous processes

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7
Q

The intermediate sacral crest of the sacrum is formed by fusion of ______.

A

articular processes

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8
Q

The lateral sacral crest is formed by fusion of ______.

A

transverse processes

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9
Q

The ventral sacra foramina of the sacrum transmit ________.

A

ventral branches of sacral spinal nerves

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10
Q

Term for paired ventral projections of caudal vertebrae

A

hemal processes

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11
Q

In ________, a few hemal processes are so well developed they meet ventrally to form ______.

A

cattle
hemal arch

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12
Q

Hemal processes form a channel which transmits ________.

A

median caudal vessels

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13
Q

What passes through the obturator foramen?

A

obturator N

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14
Q

Acetabulum articulates with ________.

A

femoral head

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15
Q

What originates at the acetabular fossa?

A

ligament of femoral head

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16
Q

Where does the psoas minor M attach?

A

psoas minor tubercle on ilium

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17
Q

The auricular surface of the wing of the ilium articulates with _______.

A

auricular surface of wing of sacrum

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18
Q

Which muscles attach to the ischiatic tuberosity?

A

caudal thigh muscles

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19
Q

What muscle attaches to the iliopubic eminence?

A

pectineus M

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20
Q

What is the median crest on the ventral surface of the pelvic symphysis only in cattle?

A

symphysial crest

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21
Q

The pelvic cavity is bounded dorsally by the ________ and laterally and ventrally by the _______.

A

vertebral column
ossa coxarum

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22
Q

The cartilaginous process of the patella serves as a point of attachment for the _______.

A

medial patellar ligament

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23
Q

What does the head of the femoral articulate with?

A

lunate surface of acetabulum

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24
Q

What terminates at the fovea capitis of the head of the femur?

A

ligament of femoral head
horse only: also accessory ligament of head of femur

25
Q

What muscles attach to the greater trochanter of the femur?

A

middle, accessory, deep gluteal Mm

26
Q

What muscles attach to the trochanteric fossa of the femur?

A

external + internal obturator Mm
gemelli M

27
Q

What muscle attaches to the lesser trochanter of the femur?

A

iliopsoas M

28
Q

What is the ridge between the greater and lesser trochanter called in the cow? What is different about it in the horse?

A

intertrochanteric crest
between greater & third trochanter in horse

29
Q

What muscle attaches to the third trochanter in the horse?

A

superficial gluteal M

30
Q

What muscle(s) attach to the medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of the femur?

A

medial: medial head of gastrocnemius M
lateral: lateral head of gastrocnemius M + superficial digital flexor M

31
Q

What do the medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulate with?

A

medial and lateral condyles of the tibia

32
Q

What attach to the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur?

A

medial epicondyle: medial collateral ligament of stifle

lateral epicondyle: lateral collateral ligament of stifle

33
Q

What muscles attach to the extensor fossa of the femur?

A

long digital extensor M
fibularis tertius M

34
Q

Where does the popliteus M attach?

A

fossa for popliteus muscle on femur

35
Q

What does the trochlea of the femur articulate with?

A

patella

36
Q

Which species does the greater trochanter divide into cranial and caudal parts?

A

horse

37
Q

Which species has a third trochanter?

A

horse

38
Q

(T/F) Ruminants have no definitive superficial gluteal M.

A

True

39
Q

What muscle originates at the supracondylar fossa of the femur in the horse and ruminants?

A

superficial digital flexor M

40
Q

The _____ of the trochlea of the femur in the horse and ox is larger than the _____.

A

medial ridge
lateral ridge

41
Q

In the horse, there is an eminence on the proximal aspect of the medial ridge called the ________.

A

trochlear tubercle

42
Q

Where does the patella rest in the resting phase of the patellar lock mechanism?

A

proximal aspect of trochlear tubercle

43
Q

What attach to the cranial intercondylar areas of the tibia?

A

cranial tibial ligaments of menisci (meniscotibial ligaments)

44
Q

What two things attach to the caudal intercondylar area of the tibia?

A

caudal cruciate ligament
caudal ligament of medial meniscus

45
Q

The central intercondylar area of the tibia is the attachment for __________.

A

cranial cruciate ligament

46
Q

The tendons of what 2 muscle courses through the extensor groove of the tibia?

A

long digital extensor M
fibularis tertius M

47
Q

What attach to the tibial tuberosity?

A

patellar ligaments

48
Q

The cochlea of the tibia articulates with _____.

A

trochlea of the talus

49
Q

Which two species are the tibia and fibula unfused? Which two species have some degree of fusion?

A

carnivores + pig
ruminants + horse

50
Q

In the horse, the tibia has a __________ while in other domestic mammals it is part of the ______.

A

lateral malleolus
fibula

51
Q

The trochlea of the talus articulates with _______.

A

tibial cochlea

52
Q

What attaches to the tuber calcanei?

A

common calcanean tendon

53
Q

Which two muscles have tendons that course through the groove on the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus?

A

caudal tibial M
lateral digital flexor M

54
Q

Which tarsal bones fuse in the ruminant?

A

central + fourth tarsal bones
second + third tarsal bones

55
Q

The fused central and fourth tarsal bones are termed ___________.

A

centroquartal bone

56
Q

In the horse, the ____ and ____ tarsal bones are fused.

A

first and second

57
Q

Which metatarsal bones are not present in the ruminant? Which are fused?

A

not present: 1st, 2nd, 5th
fused: 3rd + 4th

58
Q

The fused third and fourth metatarsal bones of the ruminant are termed ______ or ______.

A

large metatarsal bone
cannon bone

59
Q

Which metatarsal bones are missing in the horse? Which is still prominent while the others are reduced?

A

first + fifth
third prominent

Large Animal Anatomy (41 decks)

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