Osteology (Exam 3)

Question 1

The sacrum articulates with _______ to form the _______ joints.

Answer 1

wings of the ilia
sacroiliac

Question 2

Cranial articular processes of the sacral vertebrae articulate with ________.

Answer 2

caudal articular processes of last lumbar vertebra

Question 3

The auricular surface of the wing of the sacrum articulates with __________.

Answer 3

auricular surface of wing of ilium

Question 4

The caudal articular processes on the apex of the sacrum are only present in what species?

Answer 4

carnivores + pig

Question 5

The dorsal sacral foramina on the sacrum transmit ________.

Answer 5

dorsal branches of sacral spinal nerves

Question 6

The median sacral crest of the sacrum is formed by fusion of _______.

Answer 6

spinous processes

Question 7

The intermediate sacral crest of the sacrum is formed by fusion of ______.

Answer 7

articular processes

Question 8

The lateral sacral crest is formed by fusion of ______.

Answer 8

transverse processes

Question 9

The ventral sacra foramina of the sacrum transmit ________.

Answer 9

ventral branches of sacral spinal nerves

Question 10

Term for paired ventral projections of caudal vertebrae

Answer 10

hemal processes

Question 11

In ________, a few hemal processes are so well developed they meet ventrally to form ______.

Answer 11

cattle
hemal arch

Question 12

Hemal processes form a channel which transmits ________.

Answer 12

median caudal vessels

Question 13

What passes through the obturator foramen?

Answer 13

obturator N

Question 14

Acetabulum articulates with ________.

Answer 14

femoral head

Question 15

What originates at the acetabular fossa?

Answer 15

ligament of femoral head

Question 16

Where does the psoas minor M attach?

Answer 16

psoas minor tubercle on ilium

Question 17

The auricular surface of the wing of the ilium articulates with _______.

Answer 17

auricular surface of wing of sacrum

Question 18

Which muscles attach to the ischiatic tuberosity?

Answer 18

caudal thigh muscles

Question 19

What muscle attaches to the iliopubic eminence?

Answer 19

pectineus M

Question 20

What is the median crest on the ventral surface of the pelvic symphysis only in cattle?

Answer 20

symphysial crest

Question 21

The pelvic cavity is bounded dorsally by the ________ and laterally and ventrally by the _______.

Answer 21

vertebral column
ossa coxarum

Question 22

The cartilaginous process of the patella serves as a point of attachment for the _______.

Answer 22

medial patellar ligament

Question 23

What does the head of the femoral articulate with?

Answer 23

lunate surface of acetabulum

Question 24

What terminates at the fovea capitis of the head of the femur?

Answer 24

ligament of femoral head
horse only: also accessory ligament of head of femur

Question 25

What muscles attach to the greater trochanter of the femur?

Answer 25

middle, accessory, deep gluteal Mm

Question 26

What muscles attach to the trochanteric fossa of the femur?

Answer 26

external + internal obturator Mm gemelli M

Question 27

What muscle attaches to the lesser trochanter of the femur?

Answer 27

iliopsoas M

Question 28

What is the ridge between the greater and lesser trochanter called in the cow? What is different about it in the horse?

Answer 28

intertrochanteric crest between greater & third trochanter in horse

Question 29

What muscle attaches to the third trochanter in the horse?

Answer 29

superficial gluteal M

Question 30

What muscle(s) attach to the medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of the femur?

Answer 30

medial: medial head of gastrocnemius M lateral: lateral head of gastrocnemius M + superficial digital flexor M

Question 31

What do the medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulate with?

Answer 31

medial and lateral condyles of the tibia

Question 32

What attach to the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur?

Answer 32

medial epicondyle: medial collateral ligament of stifle lateral epicondyle: lateral collateral ligament of stifle

Question 33

What muscles attach to the extensor fossa of the femur?

Answer 33

long digital extensor M fibularis tertius M

Question 34

Where does the popliteus M attach?

Answer 34

fossa for popliteus muscle on femur

Question 35

What does the trochlea of the femur articulate with?

Answer 35

patella

Question 36

Which species does the greater trochanter divide into cranial and caudal parts?

Answer 36

horse

Question 37

Which species has a third trochanter?

Answer 37

horse

Question 38

(T/F) Ruminants have no definitive superficial gluteal M.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What muscle originates at the supracondylar fossa of the femur in the horse and ruminants?

Answer 39

superficial digital flexor M

Question 40

The _____ of the trochlea of the femur in the horse and ox is larger than the _____.

Answer 40

medial ridge lateral ridge

Question 41

In the horse, there is an eminence on the proximal aspect of the medial ridge called the ________.

Answer 41

trochlear tubercle

Question 42

Where does the patella rest in the resting phase of the patellar lock mechanism?

Answer 42

proximal aspect of trochlear tubercle

Question 43

What attach to the cranial intercondylar areas of the tibia?

Answer 43

cranial tibial ligaments of menisci (meniscotibial ligaments)

Question 44

What two things attach to the caudal intercondylar area of the tibia?

Answer 44

caudal cruciate ligament caudal ligament of medial meniscus

Question 45

The central intercondylar area of the tibia is the attachment for __________.

Answer 45

cranial cruciate ligament

Question 46

The tendons of what 2 muscle courses through the extensor groove of the tibia?

Answer 46

long digital extensor M fibularis tertius M

Question 47

What attach to the tibial tuberosity?

Answer 47

patellar ligaments

Question 48

The cochlea of the tibia articulates with _____.

Answer 48

trochlea of the talus

Question 49

Which two species are the tibia and fibula unfused? Which two species have some degree of fusion?

Answer 49

carnivores + pig ruminants + horse

Question 50

In the horse, the tibia has a __________ while in other domestic mammals it is part of the ______.

Answer 50

lateral malleolus fibula

Question 51

The trochlea of the talus articulates with _______.

Answer 51

tibial cochlea

Question 52

What attaches to the tuber calcanei?

Answer 52

common calcanean tendon

Question 53

Which two muscles have tendons that course through the groove on the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus?

Answer 53

caudal tibial M lateral digital flexor M

Question 54

Which tarsal bones fuse in the ruminant?

Answer 54

central + fourth tarsal bones second + third tarsal bones

Question 55

The fused central and fourth tarsal bones are termed ___________.

Answer 55

centroquartal bone

Question 56

In the horse, the ____ and ____ tarsal bones are fused.

Answer 56

first and second

Question 57

Which metatarsal bones are not present in the ruminant? Which are fused?

Answer 57

not present: 1st, 2nd, 5th fused: 3rd + 4th

Question 58

The fused third and fourth metatarsal bones of the ruminant are termed ______ or ______.

Answer 58

large metatarsal bone cannon bone

Question 59

Which metatarsal bones are missing in the horse? Which is still prominent while the others are reduced?

Answer 59

first + fifth third prominent