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Large Animal Anatomy > Birds 3 > Flashcards

Birds 3 Flashcards

1
Q

(T/F) Bird have no teeth and no soft palate.

A

True

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2
Q

In the oropharynx of birds, the ______ is a cavity which communicates with the nasal cavity and _________ is the combined openings of both auditory tubes.

A

choana
infundibular cleft

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3
Q

Within the oropharynx, there are small, rostral openings of ________.

A

salivary glands

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4
Q

What bone is a projection of the hyoid apparatus into the tongue? What is its function?

A

entoglossal bone
help swallow & get liquid into oropharynx

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5
Q

Esophagus is on the (left/right) side of the neck in avians.

A

right

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6
Q

Enlargement of esophagus is ________.

A

crop

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7
Q

Function of crop.

A

large intake of food stored for later digestion

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8
Q

The proventriculus is the _________ stomach and the ventriculus is the ________ stomach.

A

glandular
mechanical

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9
Q

The ventriculus has a thick secretory product called ________ where stones accumulate for grinding and breaking down food.

A

cuticle

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10
Q

What is “grit”?

A

stones ingested to grind and break down food in ventriculus

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11
Q

Term for the projection of jejunum which is a remnant of where the yolk sac attached to the intestines.

A

vitelline (meckel’s) diverticulum

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12
Q

How many ceca are in the bird? What structure is prevalent here?

A

two
lymphatic tissue

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13
Q

Term for clumps of lymphatic tissue where two ceca come together where the rectum begins.

A

cecal tonsils

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14
Q

The rectum empties into _________.

A

coprodeum of cloaca

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15
Q

Term for diverticulum of nasal cavity ventral to the eye underneath the skin which becomes inflammed during infection.

A

infraorbital sinus

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16
Q

(T/F) The larynx is responsible for vocal function in the bird.

A

False

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17
Q

What is the function of the larynx in the bird?

A

protector of airway (prevent food from getting into trachea)

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18
Q

(T/F) Birds have no epiglottis.

A

True

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19
Q

What is unique about the trachea of the bird?

A

complete cartilage rings

20
Q

Term for terminal end of trachea responsible which contains “ear-drum-like” membranes.

A

syrinx

21
Q

Match the structure within the syrinx to its definition:

  1. bone in syrinx which provides rigidity
  2. ear-drum-like membranes where vocalizations are made
  3. asymmetrical bubble of syrinx in male ducks
A
  1. pessulus
  2. tympaniform membranes
  3. syringeal bulla
22
Q

(T/F) Birds have both lungs and air sacs which expand upon inspiration.

A

False - NO expansion

23
Q

Where does gas exchange occur in birds?

A

air capillaries in parabronchi

24
Q

How many air sacs does the bird have? What do they connect to?

A

8-9
primary bronchi

25
Q

Air sacs are grouped into ________ and ________ air sacs.

A

cranial & caudal

26
Q

What 3 air sacs are grouped into “cranial air sacs”?

A
  1. clavicular air sac (1)
  2. cranial thoracic air sacs (2)
27
Q

What 4 air sacs are grouped into “caudal air sacs”?

A
  1. caudal thoracic air sacs (2)
  2. abdominal air sacs (2)
28
Q

What is unique about gas exchange in the bird?

A

occurs during both inspiration and expiration due to air sacs

29
Q

Only the (left/right) ovary and oviduct develop in most species of birds.

A

left

30
Q

Term for avascular line on ovarian follicles where wall ruptures during ovulation.

A

stigma

31
Q

List the 5 segments of the left oviduct.

A
  1. infundibulum
  2. magnum
  3. isthmus
  4. uterus
  5. vagina
32
Q

Where is the site of fertilization in the bird?

A

infundibulum of left oviduct

33
Q

What is the function of the infundibulum?

A

secure ovulated secondary oocyte and allow for fertilization

34
Q

The magnum is the longest segment of the oviduct. What is its function?

A

glands in wall secrete albumen of egg

35
Q

How is the “grade” of an egg determined?

A

thickness of albumen

36
Q

Function of isthmus of oviduct.

A

add shell membranes

37
Q

Where is the entire shell produced in the oviduct?

A

uterus

38
Q

The last layer of the shell is a “waxy” or clear layer called the _________ to coat the shell to prevent bacterial infection.

A

cuticle

39
Q

The vagina of the oviduct empties into the ________.

A

urodeum of the cloaca

40
Q

(T/F) The male bird is heterogametic.

A

False - female determines sex of offspring

41
Q

List the male and female chromosomes in birds.

A

Male: ZZ
Female: ZW

42
Q

List the 3 main components of the egg.

A
  1. yolk
  2. chalaza
  3. albumen
43
Q

Term for curly or twisted layer of albumen which connects shell membranes in the egg.

A

chalaza

44
Q

What is the function of chalaza?

A

turn egg to prevent sticked to shell and keep germinal disc upright

45
Q

The _________ is where the female nucleus is present on the egg.

A

germinal disc

Large Animal Anatomy (41 decks)

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