Teeth

Question 1

What are the 4 surfaces of a tooth?

Answer 1

1. occlusal surface
2. contact surfaces (2)
3. lingual surface
4. vestibular surface

Question 2

Match the tooth surface to its description:

1. faces adjacent teeth of same dental arch
2. faces tongue
3. faces opposite dental arch
4. faces vestibule of oral cavity

Answer 2

1. contact surfaces
2. lingual surface
3. occlusal surface
4. vestibular surface

Question 3

What are the 3 function of teeth?

Answer 3

1. prehension (getting food into oral cavity)
2. mastication
3. offense/defense

Question 4

In addition to teeth, cattle use the _______ extensively for prehension while the horse uses ________.

Answer 4

tongue
lips

Question 5

What are the 2 types of teeth?

Answer 5

brachydont
hypsodont

Question 6

Match the teeth to whether that are brachydont or hypsodont:

1. all carnivore teeth
2. all horse teeth
3. ruminant cheek teeth
4. pig canine teeth
5. all pig teeth (ex. canine)
6. ruminant incisors

Answer 6

1. brachydont
2. hypsodont
3. hypsodont
4. hypsodont
5. brachydont
6. brachydont

Question 7

(Brachydont/hypsodont) teeth have a crown and a neck.

Answer 7

brachydont

Question 8

A brachydont tooth crown is covered by _______.

Answer 8

enamel

Question 9

Term for projections of the brachydont crown on the occlusal surface to tear/crush food.

Answer 9

cusps

Question 10

In the root of brachydont teeth, _______ is where vessels, lymph, and nerves enter the pulp cavity.

Answer 10

apical foramen

Question 11

What are the 2 structures within the dental (pulp) cavity?

Answer 11

crown cavity
root canal

Question 12

_________ is the part of the pulp cavity within the crown of the tooth and the _________ is the portion with the tooth roots.

Answer 12

crown cavity
root canal

Question 13

What structure is a collection of collagen fibers that anchor the tooth in the alveolus?

Answer 13

periodontal ligament

Question 14

The alveolus is lined by a thin layer of compact bone called _________.

Answer 14

lamina dura

Question 15

________ means “high tooth” while ________ means “short tooth”.

Answer 15

hypsodont
brachydont

Question 16

(T/F) Hypsodont teeth continue to emerge from the alveolus after eruption for most of the animal’s life.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

(T/F) The hypsodont tooth has a crown but no neck.

Answer 17

False - neither

Question 18

Term for visible part of hypsodont tooth that projects above gingiva.

Answer 18

clinical crown

Question 19

Term for part of hypsodont tooth concealed by gingiva and alveolus.

Answer 19

clinical root

Question 20

Among domestic species, the _____ is the only one with a full set of mammalian teeth with _____ permanent teeth.

Answer 20

pig
44

Question 21

Which teeth in the horse are known as “wolf teeth”?

Answer 21

premolars (P2, P3, P4)

Question 22

Which teeth have no deciduous predecessors?

Answer 22

molars & first premolars (P1)

Question 23

In piglets, the deciduous third incisors and canines erupt at birth. They have sharp points and are called:

Answer 23

needle teeth

Question 24

Term for funnel-shaped area of invaginated cementum and enamel from the occlusal surface of the tooth.

Answer 24

infundibulum

Question 25

Term for the cavity of the infundibulum.

Answer 25

cup

Question 26

The infundibulum is the area of invaginated _______ and _______.

Answer 26

cementum + enamel

Question 27

What gets lodged into the cups?

Answer 27

food particles + cementum

Question 28

What becomes exposed as the occlusal surface wears down over time?

Answer 28

pulp cavity

Question 29

What is the "new dentin" produced by odontoblasts around the pulp cavity as the tooth wears down over time?

Answer 29

dental star

Question 30

A dental star is the new ________ produced as the tooth wears down.

Answer 30

dentin

Question 31

What is the most accurate way to age horses?

Answer 31

eruption dates of incisors

Question 32

After _______ years, all horse incisor teeth have erupted and begin contacting the tooth in the opposite arcade leading to wear.

Answer 32

5 years

Question 33

Match the eruption dates to the deciduous incisor teeth: 1. Di1 2. Di2 3. Di3

Answer 33

1. 6 days 2. 6 weeks 3. 6 months

Question 34

Match the eruption dates to the permanent incisor teeth: 1. I1 2. I2 3. I3

Answer 34

1. 2.5 years 2. 3.5 years 3. 4.5 years

Question 35

What are the "in wear" dates of permanent incisor teeth?

Answer 35

I1: 3 years I2: 4 years I3: 5 years

Question 36

If canine teeth are visible in a horse, it has to be at least how old?

Answer 36

3.5 years old

Question 37

(Upper/lower) incisors wear more than (upper/lower) incisors of horses.

Answer 37

lower upper

Question 38

When horse tooth has worn so there are two separate rings of enamel on occlusal surface is called:

Answer 38

level

Question 39

When the space is gone but there are remnants of the infundibulum this is called:

Answer 39

cup gone

Question 40

What are the "cup gone" dates of permanent lower incisors of horse?

Answer 40

I1: 6 years I2: 7 years I3: 8 years

Question 41

Term for small ring of enamel left when the cup is gone to lower incisor horse teeth.

Answer 41

enamel spot

Question 42

What 3 shapes can the lower incisors be which helps age horse teeth?

Answer 42

1. oval 2. triangular 3. biangular

Question 43

Match the approximate horse ages to the lower incisor shape: 1. oval 2. triangular 3. biangular

Answer 43

1. 5-9 years 2. 10-15 years 3. 16-20 years

Question 44

What is meant by incisors "in profile"? What age horse has this?

Answer 44

almost straight angle of teeth in young horses (older angle outward)

Question 45

The upper I3 incisor develops _______ which can be helpful in aging horses.

Answer 45

seven year hook

Question 46

When does the "seven year hook" appear in horses?

Answer 46

7 years again at 11-13 years

Question 47

________ groove is only on the upper third incisor that is helpful in aging teeth of horses.

Answer 47

galvayne's groove

Question 48

Galvayne's groove takes on a dark pigment on its vestibular surface since it is filled with ___________.

Answer 48

cementum

Question 49

Match the approximate age depending on where Galvayne's groove is located: 1. At gum line 2. half-way down tooth 3. reaches occlusal surface

Answer 49

1. 10 years 2. 15 years 3. 20 years

Question 50

Match which quadrant of teeth is labelled with the triadan numbering system starting with 1-4.

Answer 50

1 = upper right 2 = upper left 3 = lower left 4 = lower right

Question 51

What are the first triadan numbers for deciduous teeth?

Answer 51

5,6,7,8

Question 52

For teeth in cattle, what are the full names for incisors I1, I2, I3, I4?

Answer 52

I1: central incisor I2: first intermediate incisor I3: second intermediate incisor I4: corner incisor

Question 53

When have all deciduous incisors erupted and clearly seen in cattle?

Answer 53

3-4 weeks

Question 54

List eruption dates of permanent incisors of cattle.

Answer 54

I1: 1.5-2 years I2: 2-2.5 years I3: 3 years I4: 3.5-4 years

Question 55

At _____ years, all incisors are "level" in cattle.

Answer 55

9 years

Question 56

What is different about the wear in pig teeth?

Answer 56

lower jaw wider than upper jaw (opposite in other domestic mammals)

Question 57

Term for procedure of equine teeth to extract cheek teeth by drilling a hole opposite of the tooth body and inserting punch to break tooth into oral cavity for removal.

Answer 57

repulsion