*Horse: Digital Skeleton Osteology (Exam 1)

Question 1

What structures attach to the head of MC3?

Answer 1

collateral ligaments of fetlock joint

Question 2

There is/are ___ proximal sesamoid bone(s). What are the 5 structures on each of them?

Answer 2

2
1. flexor (axial) surface
2. interosseus (abaxial) surface
3. basal (distal) surface
4. articular surface
5. palmar/plantar border

Question 3

What 2 structures attach to the flexor (axial) surface of the proximal sesamoid bone?

Answer 3

palmar/plantar ligament
proximal scutum

Question 4

The interosseus (abaxial) surface of the proximal sesamoid bone is the main attachment for ___________.

Answer 4

interosseus medius (suspensory ligament)

Question 5

The basal (distal) surface of the proximal sesamoid bone provides the proximal attachment for what 4 structures?

Answer 5

1. straight sesamoid ligament
2. oblique sesamoid ligament
3. cruciate sesamoid ligament
4. short sesamoid ligament

Question 6

What does the articular surface of the proximal sesamoid bone articulate with?

Answer 6

MC3 and MT3

Question 7

What 2 things attach to the palmar/plantar border of the proximal sesamoid bone?

Answer 7

1. palmar/plantar annular ligament
2. collateral sesamoid ligament

Question 8

What are the 5 significant structures on the proximal phalanx?

Answer 8

1. triangular area on proximal mid-dorsal surface
2. palmar/plantar margin of proximal articular surface
3. triangular rough area on palmar/plantar surface
4. proximal collateral tubercles
5. distal collateral tubercles

Question 9

What two structures insert on the triangular area of the proximal mid-dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx?

Answer 9

1. lateral digital extensor tendon
2. partial insertion of common digital extensory tendon

Question 10

the palmar/plantar margin of the proximal articular surface of the proximal phalanx is the distal attachment of what structures?

Answer 10

short sesamoid ligaments

Question 11

Proximally, the triangular rough area on the palmar/plantar surface of the proximal phalanx is the distal attachment for __________. Distally, it is the distal attachment for ________ and the proximal attachment of __________.

Answer 11

cruciate sesamoid ligaments
oblique sesamoid ligaments
palmar/plantar ligaments of pastern joint

Question 12

Proximal collateral tubercles of the proximal phalanx are distal attachments for _________ and __________. It is the proximal attachment for ________.

Answer 12

collateral ligaments of fetlock joint
collateral sesamoid ligaments
proximal digital annular ligament

Question 13

Distal collateral tubercles on the proximal phalanx is the distal attachment for _______ and the proximal attachment for ____________.

Answer 13

proximal digital annular ligament
collateral ligaments of pastern joint

Question 14

Transverse flattened area on proximal palmar/plantar border of middle phalanx is attachment of ________ which provides distal attachment for _________ and _______.

Answer 14

middle scutum
straight sesamoid ligament
palmar/plantar ligaments of pastern joint

Question 15

The proximal collateral tubercles on the middle phalanx is the distal attachment for ___________ and partial insertion of _________.

Answer 15

collateral ligaments of pastern joint
superficial digital flexor tendon

Question 16

Depressions on each side of distal end of middle phalanx is proximal attachments for what?

Answer 16

collateral ligaments of coffin joint

Question 17

What is the “coffin bone”?

Answer 17

distal phalanx (horse)

Question 18

Extensor process of distal phalanx where ____________ inserts in the thoracic limb or __________ in the pelvic limb.

Answer 18

common digital extensor tendon
long digital extensor tendon

Question 19

Depressions on the sides of the bone of the distal phalanx are distal attachments for __________.

Answer 19

collateral ligaments of coffin joint

Question 20

What attach to the palmar/plantar processes of distal phalanx?

Answer 20

hoof cartilages

Question 21

Foramina of the palmar/plantar processes perforate the _______ processes and lead to the ________ grooves.

Answer 21

palmar/plantar
parietal

Question 22

Parietal grooves carry the _________ and __________ to distal phalanx (PIII).

Answer 22

dorsal arterial branch
dorsal branch of palmar/plantar digital N

Question 23

Semilunar line of the distal phalanx is the distal attachment of __________.

Answer 23

distal digital annular ligament

Question 24

Flexor surface of distal phalanx is where _________ inserts and the distal attachment for ___________.

Answer 24

deep digital flexor tendon
impar navicular ligament

Question 25

The solear foramina of the distal phalanx transmit ___________ into the solear canal.

Answer 25

terminations of digital Aa + Vv

Question 26

The flexor surface of the navicular (distal sesamoid) bone acts as a bearing surface for __________.

Answer 26

deep digital flexor tendon

Question 27

_______________ attaches to the two extremities and the proximal border of the navicular bone.

Answer 27

collateral ligament of navicular bone

Question 28

___________ extends from the distal border of the navicular bone to the flexor surface of the distal phalanx.

Answer 28

impar navicular ligament