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large animal anatomy > Thoracic Limb Osteology (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Thoracic Limb Osteology (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles attach to the serrated surface of the scapula?

A

serratus ventralis Mm

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2
Q

What muscle attaches to the subscapular fossa of the scapula?

A

subscapularis M

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3
Q

Which muscles attach to the spine of the scapula?

A

trapezius M
deltoideus M

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4
Q

Which muscle attaches to the supraspinous fossa of the scapula?

A

supraspinatus M

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5
Q

Which muscle attaches to the infraspinous fossa of the scapula?

A

infraspinatus M

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6
Q

Which muscle attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?

A

teres minor M

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7
Q

Which muscle attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?

A

biceps brachii M

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8
Q

Which muscle attaches to the coracoid process of the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?

A

coracobrachialis M

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9
Q

Term for bony enlargement near middle of free border of spine of scapula in pig, horse, and ox.

A

spinal tuber

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10
Q

What muscle attaches to the spinal tuber of the scapula?

A

trapezius M

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11
Q

Which species lack an acromion of the scapula?

A

horse
pig

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12
Q

The acromion of the cat has a caudal projection called ________.

A

suprahamate process

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13
Q

The distal portion of the acromion in the cat is called __________.

A

hamate process

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14
Q

Scapular cartilage is well-developed in ________ and poorly developed in ________.

A

ungulates
carnivores

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15
Q

Which muscles attach to the scapular cartilage and dorsal border of scapula?

A

rhomboideus Mm

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16
Q

Term for notch in craniomedial border of glenoid cavity of the scapula in the horse

A

glenoid incisure (notch)

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17
Q

Which 3 species have no clavicle?

A

pig
ruminant
horse

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18
Q

What does the head of the humerus articulate with?

A

glenoid cavity

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19
Q

Which muscles attach to the greater tubercle of the humerus?

A

supraspinatus M
infraspinatus M

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20
Q

What muscle attaches to lesser tubercle of humerus?

A

subscapularis M

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21
Q

What is transmitted through the intertubercular groove of the humerus?

A

tendon of biceps brachii M

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22
Q

What attaches to the tricipital line of the humerus?

A

lateral head of triceps brachii M

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23
Q

What structure on the humerus does the teres minor M attach?

A

teres minor tuberosity

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24
Q

Which muscle attaches to the humeral crest of the humerus?

A

cleidobrachialis M

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25
Q

Where does the deltoideus M attach on the humerus?

A

deltoid tuberosity

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26
Q

Where does the brachialis M lie on the humerus?

A

brachialis M groove

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27
Q

Which muscles attach to the teres major tuberosity?

A

teres major M
latissimus dorsi M

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28
Q

Where do caudomedial antebrachial Mm and medial collateral ligament of elbow joint attach?

A

medial epicondyle

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29
Q

Where do craniolateral antebrachial Mm and lateral collateral ligament of elbow joint attach?

A

lateral epicondyle

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30
Q

Which muscle originates at the lateral supracondylar crest of the humerus?

A

extensor carpi radialis M

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31
Q

Which muscle attaches to the cranial part of the greater tubercle of the humerus? Caudal part?

A

supraspinatus M
infraspinatus M

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32
Q

(T/F) All ungulates have a cranial and caudal part of the greater tubercle of the humerus.

A

True

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33
Q

Which species do not have an obvious split of the greater tubercle?

A

carnivores

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34
Q

Which 2 species have cranial and caudal parts of the lesser tubercle of the humerus?

A

horse + ruminants

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35
Q

In horse and ruminants, the cranial part of the lesser tubercle of the humerus attaches to __________ M and the caudal part attaches to ________ M.

A

supraspinatus M
subscapularis M

36
Q

Which species has an intermediate tubercle? What’s its significance?

A

horse
stay apparatus

37
Q

______ has a supratrochlear foramen of the humerus. _____ occasionally has it.

A

dog
pig

38
Q

What passes through the supratrochlear foramen of the humerus?

A

nothing

39
Q

What vessels pass through the supracondylar foramen in the medial epicondyle of the humerus in the cat?

A

median N
brachial A

40
Q

What articulates with the fovea capitis of the radius?

A

condyle of humerus

41
Q

Which muscle attaches to the radial tuberosity?

A

biceps brachii M

42
Q

What attaches to the transverse crest of the radius?

A

palmar carpal ligament

43
Q

What muscle attaches to the tuber olecrani of the olecranon of the ulna?

A

triceps brachii M

44
Q

What articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna?

A

trochlea of humeral condyle

45
Q

The carpal articular surface of the head of the ulna articulates with ________.

A

ulnar carpal bones

46
Q

What species are the radius and ulna separate? Which are fused but differentiated? Which are fused and indistinguishable?

A
  1. pig + carnivores
  2. ruminant
  3. horse
47
Q

From medial to lateral, list the tendons that occupy the grooves on the cranial aspect of the junction of radial body and trochlea (3).

A
  1. extensor carpi obliquus
  2. extensor carpi radialis
  3. common digital extensor
48
Q

Which tendon occupies the groove on the lateral aspect of the radial trochlea?

A

lateral digital extensor

49
Q

Because the ulna and radius are indistinguishable, the horse has a medial and lateral ____________.

A

styloid process

50
Q

What is the generalized carpal bone pattern? Which bones form proximal row vs. distal row?

A

8 bones in 2 rows
proximal: named bones
distal: numbered bones

51
Q

Which species has the generalized carpal bone pattern? How many carpal bones?

A

pig
8

52
Q

How many carpal bones do carnivores have? Which fuse?

A

7
radial + intermediate –> intermedioradial

53
Q

In ruminants, which carpal bone is absent? Which two are fused?

A

first carpal bone
second + third fused

54
Q

How many carpal bones are in ruminants?

A

6

55
Q

What is the fused entity of the second and third carpal bones called in ruminants?

A

fused second and third carpal bone

56
Q

Which possibly number of carpal bones does the horse have?

A

7 or 8

57
Q

______ carpal bone is often absent in horses and rare individuals have a ______ carpal bone.

A

first
fifth

58
Q

Which carpal bone is the only one which is a point of attachment for muscles?

A

accessory carpal bone

59
Q

Which muscles attach to the accessory carpal bone?

A

extensor carpi ulnaris
flexor carpi ulnaris

60
Q

How many metacarpal bones in the generalized pattern?

A

5

61
Q

Match the species to metacarpal bone pattern:

  1. 5 MC, first reduced
  2. 4 MC, first absent, small MC2 & MC5
  3. first & second absent, third and fourth fuse, fifth reduced
  4. first & fifth absent, second & fourth reduced
A
  1. carnivores
  2. pig
  3. ruminant
  4. horse
62
Q

What are two slang terms for the third and fourth fused metacarpal bone in ruminants?

A

cannon bone
large metacarpal bone

63
Q

What muscle attaches to the metacarpal tuberosity of MC3 in the horse?

A

extensor carpi radialis M

64
Q

Which bones are the “splint bones” in the horse?

A

reduced second & fourth metacarpal bones

65
Q

Which metacarpal bone is the “cannon bone” in the horse?

A

MC3

66
Q

In carnivores, the first digit is typically what? How many phalanges?

A

paradigit
2

67
Q

How many paradigits does the pig have? Which ones?

A

2
second & fifth

68
Q

(T/F) Pigs have sesamoid bones.

A

False - lack them

69
Q

What two unique features are on the distal phalanges of carnivores?

A

unguicular crest
unguicular process

70
Q

What 4 unique features do the distal phalanges have in ungulates?

A
  1. parietal surface
  2. solear surface
  3. coronary border
  4. solear border
71
Q

What vessels enter the medial and lateral solear foramina in the horse?

A

medial and lateral digital Aa + Vv

72
Q

Once passing through the medial and lateral solear foramina, the digital Aa become _______ in the solear canal of the horse.

A

terminal arterial and venous arches

73
Q

What attach to the medial and lateral palmar processes in the horse?

A

cartilages of the hoof

74
Q

Medial and lateral parietal grooves in the horse contain what?

A

dorsal branches of medial + lateral digital Aa & Vv

75
Q

Inflammation of the medial and lateral cartilages of the hoof in the horse is called:

A

quittor

76
Q

Term for ossification of the medial and lateral cartilages of the hoof in the horse

A

sidebone

77
Q

Typically, __ proximal sesamoid bone(s) is/are on the palmar aspect of the _________ joint of each major digit.

A

metacarpophalangeal

78
Q

Proximal sesamoid bones are embedded in what structure?

A

tendon of interosseus M

79
Q

___ distal sesamoid bone(s) is/are on the palmar aspect of each distal _______ joint.

A

1
interphalangeal

80
Q

(T/F) the distal sesamoid bones are embedded in tendons similar to the proximal sesamoid bones.

A

False

81
Q

What is between the deep digital flexor M and distal sesamoid bone?

A

podotrochlear (navicular) bursa

82
Q

In contrast to ungulates, the distal sesamoid bones in carnivores are usually ______.

A

cartilaginous

83
Q

What are the 4 defined surfaces of each proximal sesamoid bone in the horse?

A
  1. articular surface
  2. flexor surface
  3. interosseus muscle surface
  4. basal surface
84
Q

Match the 4 surfaces of the proximal sesamoid bone in the horse to what they articulate or what attaches there:

  1. articular surface
  2. flexor surface
  3. interosseus muscle surface
  4. basal surface
A
  1. MC3
  2. form groove for flexor tendon
  3. interosseus M attaches
  4. attachment for: straight sesamoid lig, oblique sesamoid ligg, cruciate sesamoid ligg, short sesamoid ligg
85
Q

What is the distal sesamoid bone called in the horse?

A

navicular bone

large animal anatomy (41 decks)

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