Unit 7 Pt 2: Emotion Flashcards by Yashu Gurazada

Emotion is all of

Physiological arousal 
Expressive behaviors (how you react to the physiological arousal)
Conscious experience (how you cognitively interpret environment)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

6 universal emotions

Happiness, anger, surprise, sadness, fear, disgust

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Evolutionary perspective would argue that emotions help us

Survive and reproduce

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Main survival emotions

Fear and anger

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Context affect interpretation of ________ expressions

Facial

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why does context affect interpretation of facial expressions? (Monster image)

Many interpret the bottom monster as fearful while seeing the top monster as angry even though they have the same facial expressions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cultural differences in emotion expressions aka

Different display rules

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Different display rules

Culture’s rules on when its appropriate to show your emotions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Western vs eastern cultures on emotion

Western- intense, prolonged emotional displays

Eastern (Japan)- hide their emotions, especially when emotion is negative

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Western cultures have more of _______ emotions

Individualistic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Most psychologists say we _____ because we’re happy

Smile

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Smiling releases

Serotonin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Facial feedback hypothesis

There is an interplay between the emotion and our expression of it. The muscle contraction associated with emotions tend to amplify emotion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Muscle contraction associated with emotion tend to

Amplify the emotion

Facial feedback hypothesis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

James-Lange theory

You feel fear AFTER experiencing your heart pounding

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

James-Lange theory argues that emotion is caused by

Change in physical arousal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Physical arousal always precedes experience of an emotion

James-Lange theory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Criticism of James-Lange theory

You can have physical arousal without experiencing an emotion (running on treadmill)
Different emotions have very similar physical arousal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cannon and Bard wouldn’t argue that

Feeling of fear causes your heart to pound NOR that your heart pounding causes the feeling of fear

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which theory believes that heart rate and emotion and simultaneous?

Cannon-Bard theory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cannon-Bard theory

An emotion arousing stimulus SIMULTANEOUSLY triggers physiological responses AND subjective experience of emotion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cannon-Bard theory is basically

Sight of oncoming car(perception of stimulus)= pounding heart rate (arousal)+fear(emotion)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Someone had an injury in which they were unable to feel any bodily sensations, how would this affect emotion according to James Lange theory?

No emotion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Someone had an injury in which they were unable to feel any bodily sensations, how would this affect emotion according to Cannon Bard theory?

Emotion without arousal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Schacter’s two factor theory of emotion beings

Cognition

Schacter’s two factor theory criticized Cannon Bard theory by arguing that

We don’t automatically know when we are happy, angry, jealous, etc.

Schacter’s two factor theory: we use _________ ______ to label our physical arousal

Situational cues

Schacter’s two factor theory: to experience an emotion, one must be physically aroused AND

Cognitively label the arousal

In what theory does context matter?

Schacter’s two factor theory

Sight of car coming—> pounding heart and “oh fuck I’m about to die” leads to fear

Schacter’s two factor theory

Zajonc and LeDoux not that

Cognition doesn’t always have to occur before emotion

Zajonc and LeDoux theory

Some pathways, especially ones involving amygdala (fear) bypass cortical areas involved thinking

Automatically feeling startled by a sound in the jungle before labeling it as a threat

Zajonc and LeDoux

Some embodied responses happen instantly, without conscious appraisal

Zajonc and LeDoux

Schacter’s two factor theory: the 2 factors

1) physical arousal | 2) cognitive label

Two dimensions of emotion are

Valence and arousal

Valence

Level of PLEASANTNESS of the emotion

How much you like the emotion

Valence

Arousal

How much the emotion physically activates the body

Different levels of valence and arousal lead to

Different levels of emotion

What interpretations also effect how both the dimensions of emotion work?

Cognitive

Positive valence is

Pleasant

Negative valence is

Not pleasant

Valence and arousal of sadness

Negative valence, low arousal

Valence and arousal of fear/anger

Negative valence, high arousal

Valence and arousal of joy

Positive valence, high arousal

Valence and arousal of pleasant relaxation

Positive valence, low arousal

The physical arousal of emotion is controlled by

Autonomic nervous system

The physical arousal of emotion is controlled by autonomic nervous system

It is difficult to differentiate the physical arousal associated with many emotions (hurts James-Lange Theory) even though they feel different

The arousal associated with emotions are controlled by the autonomic nervous system’s divisions, the

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Autonomic nervous system

Internal organs

Polygraph

Machine commonly used to in attempts to detect lies

Polygraph measures responses to emotion including

Perspiration Heart rate Blood pressure Breathing changes

Lie detector process, control questions

Type of question where you will give a truthful response Is your bday in June?

Lie detector process, relevant questions

Were you at the scene of the murder?

You know the person is lying through lie detector when

There is a bigger physiological reaction to the relevant question than the control question

Arguments made against the lie detector

Physical arousal could just be because of accusation Can’t tell difference between fear and anger Guilty people find ways to pass

Paul Emmanuel

Developed a system for classifying deception within emotional expression

Paul Ekman: with experience and training it is possible to detect

microexpressions

microexpressions indicate

Guilt, despair, and fear

How to detect microexpressions?

Pay close attention to facial muscles which are nearly impossible to control

Who have more emotional reactivity than men in all measures except for anger?

Women

Catharsis: emotion of anger

By releasing aggressive energy can relieve aggressive urges

Emotional release

Catharsis

Is the catharsis hypothesis true?

Short term: yes | Long term: no

Catharsis example

Me screaming in the pillow when angry

Feel-good, do-good phenomenon

You will be helpful more often if you’re in a good mood

Subjective well being is most common measurements

Of happiness, satisfaction and quality of life

Subjective well being looks at

Ratio of positive to negative emotions and surveys life satisfaction

Subjective well being can be combined with

Objective well being- physical and economic indicators to evaluate people’s general quality of life

Does money buy happiness?

What affects happiness?: adaptation level phenomenon

Our tendency to form judgements about our happiness relative to our prior experience

All emotions tend to return to a base level after a certain time period

Adaptation level phenomenon

We tend to adapt to the new things in our life

Adaptation level phenomenon

What affects happiness?: relative deprivation

Be disappointed when you perceive you are worse off than others

Relative deprivation example

Grade distribution

Comparing to others

Relative deprivation

Both ways work with relative deprivation

Feeling satisfied when comparing yourself to the less fortunate