Unit 6 Pt. 2: Developomental Psychology Flashcards
Adolescence is basically
Transition period from childhood to adulthood
Adolescence: extending from puberty to
Independence
Puberty
Period of sexual maturation
When one first becomes capable of reproduction
Puberty
Primary sex characteristics are governed by
Endocrine system
Females have
Ovaries
Males have
Testes
Both genders have
External genitalia
Menarche
1st menstrual period when becoming a women
Girls GENERALLY get their period when they are
13
Spermarche
First ejaculation
Spermarche usually occurs in the age of
14
First ejaculation is usually in the form of a
Nocturnal emission
Social effect of boys maturing earlier
Usually a positive impact
Social effect of girls maturing early
Negative social influence
Girls who mature early are more likely to
Experiment with drugs, sex, alcohol
Lawrence Kohlberg built ideas of
Piaget
Kohlberg believed that
Cognitive development was connected to MORAL reasoning
Kohlberg levels order
Preconventional level
Conventional
Post conventional
Conventional is
Society’s rules
Pre-conventional age
9
Preconventional reasoning first focuses on
Obedience and punishment
Preconventional reasoning obedience and punishment examples
I cant do this because “I will get in trouble” or because “my dad said so”
Preconventional reasoning eventually focuses on
Self interest
Preconventional reasoning self interest example
What’s in it for me?
You starch my back, I’ll scratch yours
Conventional reasoning age
Adolescence
Conventional reasoning first focuses on
Social approval and conformity
Social approval and conformity example
What to complete actions of a “good boy or girl”
What rung evaluates morality in terms of consequences on relationships
Social approval and conformity
Conventional reasoning later focuses on
Law and order
Law and order example
Something is wrong because “it is against the law”
Post conventional reasoning age
Adulthood
Post conventional reasoning first focuses on
Social contracts
Social contracts explain
Law as being bound to the WELFARE OF PEOPLE
“Why we have the law” falls in
Social contracts
Postconventional reasoning later focuses on
Universal abstract principles
Abstract means
You can’t see/ touch
Universal abstract principles example
Right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness
See moral dilemmas and use reasoning in which stage
Universal abstract principles
Who criticized Kolhberg’s moral scale?
Carol Gilligan
Gilligan criticized Kohlberg because
The study rated females on average as less morally developed than males
Gilligan argued that
Females often reasoned differently and focused on relations rather than “justice”
Erikson’s believed in which concept?
Psychoanalytic
Infancy stage
Trust vs mistrust
Trust vs mistrust
If needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust
Toddler stage
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Toddlers learn to exercise will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities
Autonomy vs shame and doubt example
Spoon feed by yourself
Preschooler stage
Initiative vs guilt
Initiative vs guilt
Preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent.
Trust vs mistrust example
Feeding yourself
Potty training
Initiative vs guilt example
Dressing yourself
Elementary stage
Competence vs inferiority
Competence vs inferiority
Children learn the please of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior
Competence vs inferiority example
Comparing grades
Adolescence stage
Identity vs role confusion
Identity vs role confusion
Teens work at refining sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to firm a single identity, or they become confused about who they are
Young adult stage
Intimacy vs isolation
Intimacy vs isolation
Young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, and they fell socially isolated
Middle adult stage
Generatively vs stagnation
Stagnation
Not passionate
Generatively vs stagnation
The middle aged discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose
Late adult stage
Integrity vs despair
Integrity vs despair
When reflecting on his or her life, the older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure
Are men or women more in terms of social connections?
Women
The time of natural cessation of menstruation
Menopause
Menopause as biological changes
Her ability to reproduce declines
Is the an equivalent menopause in men?
No
One’s crystallized intelligence tends to ______ with age
Increase
One’s fluid intelligence tends to ______ with age
Decrease
Crystallized intelligence
Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills
Crystallized intelligence example
History facts, words, etc
Fluid intelligence
Ability to reason speedily and abstractly
Fluid intelligence example
Puzzles, logic games
FLUID intelligence is basically that
Fluid evaporates over time
Criss sectional study
People of different ages are compared with one another
Cross sectional study doesn’t control ________ differences such as education
Nurture
Longitudinal study
The same people are restudied and retested over a long period
Alzheimer’s disease lacks what neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Alzheimer’s disease
A progressive and irreversible brain disorder
Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by
A gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language and finally, physical functioning
The culturally preferred timings of social events
Social clock
Social clock consists of
Marriage, parenthood, retirement
Who theorized stages that people deal with grief and tragedy?
Elizabeth Kubler-Ross
Kubler Ross studied people with
Terminal illness
Terminal illness
Specific time you have to live
Kubler-Ross’s stages
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
Denial
“This can’t be happening”
Anger
“Why ME? It’s not fair!”
Bargaining
“Just let me live to see my son graduate”
Depression
“I’m so sad, why bother with anything?”
Acceptance
“It’s going to be OK”
