Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Psychology > Unit 5 Pt 1: Learning And Classical Conditioning > Flashcards

Unit 5 Pt 1: Learning And Classical Conditioning Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Learning

A

A relatively permanent change in organism’s behavior due to experience (nurture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most learning is in the

A

Associative areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 types of learning

A

Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Making a connection between a neutral and unconditioned stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Making a connection between behavior and consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Observational learning

A

Learning by watching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

All living things learn through

A

Association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Father of behaviorism

A

John Watson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Behaviorism focused on making psychology

A

An objective science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Watson focused on

A

External behavior within specific external situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What did Watson believe

A

Nurture was more important than nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Classical conditioning aka

A

Pavlovian conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Unconditioned

A

It is unlearned and comes naturally/reflexively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Unconditioned example

A

Salivating when presented with food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Conditioned

A

Learned and response doesn’t come naturally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Conditioned example

A

Getting up when school bell rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Response

A

External behavior like salivating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stimulus

A

External thing that may cause a behavior like a bell or food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Stimulus creates

A

Response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Father of classical conditioning

A

Ivan Pavlov

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Russian physician/neurophysiologist

Studies digestive enzymes in dogs when accidentally realized importance of associative learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Classical conditioning

A

An organism comes to associate stimuli

Like tone and food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Classical conditioning begins

A

With a reflex which is unconditioned (unlearned)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Unconditioned stimulus

A

Effective stimulus that unconditionally-automatically and naturally triggers a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Unconditioned response

A

Unlearned, naturally occurring automatic response to the conditioned stimulus

26
Q

Conditioned stimulus

A

Previously neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response

27
Q

Conditioned response

A

Learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus

28
Q

Acquisition

A

Initial stage of learning, during which a response is established and gradually strengthened.

29
Q

Acquisition is when

A

A previously neutral stimulus causes conditioned response

30
Q

Extinction

A

Diminishing of a conditioned response.

Example: the bell no longer makes the dog salivate

31
Q

How would you make extinction occur?

A

Stop pairing UCS (food) with CS (bell)

32
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

Referred to reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished condition.

Decides to do it again

33
Q

Generalization

A

Tendency of a stimuli similar to CS to evoke similar responses

34
Q

Generalization example

A

Doesn’t have to be the same tone to make dog’s salivate…they generalize

35
Q

Generalization and discrimination describe __________, not thoughts

A

behavior

36
Q

Discrimination

A

Ability to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that don’t signal an UCS.

37
Q

Discrimination example

A

Dogs wouldn’t salivate to a whistle since it was too different from the tone

38
Q

Cute baby Albert case

A

Every time he got near the white furry rat the experimenters made a scary sound so ever since then he got scared.
He even got scared of rabbits and everything that’s white and furry he got scared

39
Q

Cute Baby Albert: UCS

A

The sound

40
Q

Cute Baby Albert: UCR

A

Fear from the sound

41
Q

Cute Baby Albert: neutral stimulus

A

White rat

42
Q

Cute Baby Albert: CS

A

White rat

43
Q

Cute Baby Albert: CR

A

Fear of the white rat

44
Q

Cute Baby Albert: generalization

A

White rats, fur, white furry things

45
Q

Higher order conditioning AKA

A

Second order conditioning

46
Q

Higher order conditioning

A

It occurs after organism has already learned a response to a conditioned stimulus

47
Q

Higher order conditioning:

You pair a new neutral stimulus before the conditioned stimulus which leads to

A

A new response to the new neutral stimulus which is usually weaker

48
Q

Criticism of old behaviorist ignore

A

Cognition

49
Q

Old school behaviorists ignored cognition

A

Studies proved that subjects attitudes did mater when attempting to create conditioned response in them

50
Q

Modern psychologists often add cognitive explanation to

A

Conditioning

51
Q

Robert Rescorla Argued that learning during classical conditioning was impacted

A

by how reliably the CS (tone) PREDICTED the UCS (food)

52
Q

Rescorla argued that

A

The reliability of the signal created an EXPECTATION which led to a conditioned response

Expectation: cognitive element

53
Q

Old school behaviorists ignored biological predisposition:

Taste aversion studies

A

Showed that an animal’s capacity for conditioning is constrained by biology. Conditioning occurs easier with some stimuli than others.

54
Q

Garcia’s taste aversion studies with rats

A

Experiment where rats got exposed to sights, sounds, and tastes and later gave radiation or drugs that made them nauseous and vomit.
Hours later the rats avoided taste of flavor but not sight and sound.

55
Q

Taste aversion studies violated

A

Behaviorists principle that any stimulus could serve as CS

56
Q

Taste aversion studies show that nature prepares

A

The members of each species to learn those things crucial to their environment

57
Q

Taste aversion studies are expectations to classical conditioning rules

A

UCS does not always have to follow CS immediately

58
Q

Aversion

A

To avoid something

59
Q

Real world classical conditioning example of crack cocaine

A

Users feel craving wen they are near the same people or place where the took drugs. So rehab counselors advice them to leave places and make new friends

60
Q

Real world classical conditioning example of alcohol

A

Alcohol with drug that makes you vomit will make you quit drinking

AP Psychology (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions