Unit 5 Pt 1: Learning And Classical Conditioning

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

A relatively permanent change in organism’s behavior due to experience (nurture)

Question 2

Most learning is in the

Answer 2

Associative areas

Question 3

3 types of learning

Answer 3

Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational learning

Question 4

Classical conditioning

Answer 4

Making a connection between a neutral and unconditioned stimulus

Question 5

Operant conditioning

Answer 5

Making a connection between behavior and consequences

Question 6

Observational learning

Answer 6

Learning by watching

Question 7

All living things learn through

Answer 7

Association

Question 8

Father of behaviorism

Answer 8

John Watson

Question 9

Behaviorism focused on making psychology

Answer 9

An objective science

Question 10

Watson focused on

Answer 10

External behavior within specific external situations

Question 11

What did Watson believe

Answer 11

Nurture was more important than nature

Question 12

Classical conditioning aka

Answer 12

Pavlovian conditioning

Question 13

Unconditioned

Answer 13

It is unlearned and comes naturally/reflexively

Question 14

Unconditioned example

Answer 14

Salivating when presented with food

Question 15

Conditioned

Answer 15

Learned and response doesn’t come naturally

Question 16

Conditioned example

Answer 16

Getting up when school bell rings

Question 17

Response

Answer 17

External behavior like salivating

Question 18

Stimulus

Answer 18

External thing that may cause a behavior like a bell or food

Question 19

Stimulus creates

Answer 19

Response

Question 20

Father of classical conditioning

Answer 20

Ivan Pavlov

Question 21

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 21

Russian physician/neurophysiologist

Studies digestive enzymes in dogs when accidentally realized importance of associative learning

Question 22

Classical conditioning

Answer 22

An organism comes to associate stimuli

Like tone and food

Question 23

Classical conditioning begins

Answer 23

With a reflex which is unconditioned (unlearned)

Question 24

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 24

Effective stimulus that unconditionally-automatically and naturally triggers a response

Question 25

Unconditioned response

Answer 25

Unlearned, naturally occurring automatic response to the conditioned stimulus

Question 26

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 26

Previously neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response

Question 27

Conditioned response

Answer 27

Learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus

Question 28

Acquisition

Answer 28

Initial stage of learning, during which a response is established and gradually strengthened.

Question 29

Acquisition is when

Answer 29

A previously neutral stimulus causes conditioned response

Question 30

Extinction

Answer 30

Diminishing of a conditioned response. Example: the bell no longer makes the dog salivate

Question 31

How would you make extinction occur?

Answer 31

Stop pairing UCS (food) with CS (bell)

Question 32

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 32

Referred to reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished condition. Decides to do it again

Question 33

Generalization

Answer 33

Tendency of a stimuli similar to CS to evoke similar responses

Question 34

Generalization example

Answer 34

Doesn’t have to be the same tone to make dog’s salivate...they generalize

Question 35

Generalization and discrimination describe __________, not thoughts

Answer 35

behavior

Question 36

Discrimination

Answer 36

Ability to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that don’t signal an UCS.

Question 37

Discrimination example

Answer 37

Dogs wouldn’t salivate to a whistle since it was too different from the tone

Question 38

Cute baby Albert case

Answer 38

Every time he got near the white furry rat the experimenters made a scary sound so ever since then he got scared. He even got scared of rabbits and everything that’s white and furry he got scared

Question 39

Cute Baby Albert: UCS

Answer 39

The sound

Question 40

Cute Baby Albert: UCR

Answer 40

Fear from the sound

Question 41

Cute Baby Albert: neutral stimulus

Answer 41

White rat

Question 42

Cute Baby Albert: CS

Answer 42

White rat

Question 43

Cute Baby Albert: CR

Answer 43

Fear of the white rat

Question 44

Cute Baby Albert: generalization

Answer 44

White rats, fur, white furry things

Question 45

Higher order conditioning AKA

Answer 45

Second order conditioning

Question 46

Higher order conditioning

Answer 46

It occurs after organism has already learned a response to a conditioned stimulus

Question 47

Higher order conditioning: | You pair a new neutral stimulus before the conditioned stimulus which leads to

Answer 47

A new response to the new neutral stimulus which is usually weaker

Question 48

Criticism of old behaviorist ignore

Answer 48

Cognition

Question 49

Old school behaviorists ignored cognition

Answer 49

Studies proved that subjects attitudes did mater when attempting to create conditioned response in them

Question 50

Modern psychologists often add cognitive explanation to

Answer 50

Conditioning

Question 51

Robert Rescorla Argued that learning during classical conditioning was impacted

Answer 51

by how reliably the CS (tone) PREDICTED the UCS (food)

Question 52

Rescorla argued that

Answer 52

The reliability of the signal created an EXPECTATION which led to a conditioned response Expectation: cognitive element

Question 53

Old school behaviorists ignored biological predisposition: | Taste aversion studies

Answer 53

Showed that an animal’s capacity for conditioning is constrained by biology. Conditioning occurs easier with some stimuli than others.

Question 54

Garcia’s taste aversion studies with rats

Answer 54

Experiment where rats got exposed to sights, sounds, and tastes and later gave radiation or drugs that made them nauseous and vomit. Hours later the rats avoided taste of flavor but not sight and sound.

Question 55

Taste aversion studies violated

Answer 55

Behaviorists principle that any stimulus could serve as CS

Question 56

Taste aversion studies show that nature prepares

Answer 56

The members of each species to learn those things crucial to their environment

Question 57

Taste aversion studies are expectations to classical conditioning rules

Answer 57

UCS does not always have to follow CS immediately

Question 58

Aversion

Answer 58

To avoid something

Question 59

Real world classical conditioning example of crack cocaine

Answer 59

Users feel craving wen they are near the same people or place where the took drugs. So rehab counselors advice them to leave places and make new friends

Question 60

Real world classical conditioning example of alcohol

Answer 60

Alcohol with drug that makes you vomit will make you quit drinking