Unit 2 Part 2 Flashcards
Hindbrain
Consists of the medulla(oblonglata), the pons, and the cerebellum.
Back of the brain
Midbrain
Contains the reticular formation and clusters of nerve cells
Forebrain
- Overall covering
- Most important part of the brain
Forebrain consists of
Thalamus, limbic system, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex which contains the lobes of the brain
Hindbrain has: brainstem
Lower base-connects the spinal cord to the brain
Oldest part of the brain responsible for AUTOMATIC SURVIVAL FUNCTIONS
Hindbrain has: medulla (oblongata) location
Base of the brainstem
Hindbrain has: medulla (oblongata) function
Controls heartbeat and breathing
Hindbrain has: cerebellum
Responsibility
Balance and movement
Hindbrain has: cerebellum
Aka “little brain” location
Rear of the brainstem
Alcohol affects this
Hindbrain has: pons
Connects the lower and mid brain regions, carry neural info between these areas
Sleep and dream
Midbrain has: reticular formation
RESTICULAR
Nerve network that connects to the brainstem and plays an important ROLE IN AROUSAL: controls alertness and helps fall asleep
If reticular formation is destroyed
Coma
Forebrain has: thalamus
Aka
Sensory switchboard or relay station
Forebrain has: thalamus
SENSE SIGNALS pass through it where it relays it to the appropriate part
Forebrain has: limbic system 1
CONTROLLING EMOTIONS
Forebrain has: limbic system includes
1) hippocampus
2. The amygdala
3) the hypothalamus
4. Pituitary
Limbic system: hippocampus
Hippo running in the campus
Structure involved in the FORMATION of memories
Not store memories!!
Limbic system: Hypothalamus
(HUNGRY HUNGRY HYPOS)
(HYPER WHEN MOANING)
Influences feelings of hunger, thirst, and sex
Limbic system: Pituitary gland
Regulates GROWTH AND OTHER ORGANS in the endocrine system
Puberty, hormones
Hypothalamus controlls
Pituitary gland
Limbic system’s emotional core: amygdula
Aka OMGdula
Neural clusters linked to emotions like AGGRESSION and FEAR
Cerebral cortex
Brain’s ultimate control and information processing center
Cerebral cortex contains
All interconnected neural cells that cover the cerebral hemisphere
Cerebral cortex contains lobes
Thinking, moving, hearing,seeing, feeling
Cerebral cortex lobe: frontal lobe
Speaking and 1) Muscle movements and
2) Making plans and judgements
Frontal lobe includes
Motor cortex
Motor cortex
Controls voluntary movements
Hands
Cerebral cortex lobes: parietal lobe
includes somatosensory cortex allowing to register and process body sensations (sense of touch)
Parietal lobe has: somatosensory cortex
Skin sense
Serial killers have less of ___ lobe
Frontal
Occipital lobe
Visual areas- seeing
Temporal lobe
Auditory areas- hearing
Association areas
Areas of cerebral cortex not involved in motor or sensory process
What does association area make up
Largest portion of cortex: higher mental functions like learning, memory, thinking and speaking
Association area is _____ area
Grey
Cerebral cortex and language: aphasia
Impairment of language
Hard to name
Aphasia cause
Brain damage to the LEFT hemisphere to the brain either in Broca’s or Wernicke’s area
Broca’s area
An area of the left frontal lobe that directs the muscle movements involved in SPEECH
Movements in motor cortex
Wernicke’s area
An area on the left temporal lobe involved in language comprehension
Doesn’t understand (using some other word)
Brain’s reorganization: plasticity
- The brain’s capacity for modification as evident in brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development
- brain’s ability to change and adapt as a result of experience
The divided brain: corpus callosum
Large bundle of neural fibers that allows the 2 sides of the brain to communicate.
What does corpus callosum do
Carries messages between the 2 hemispheres.
Cutting corpus callosum leads to
Split brain’s
Might cut it because of epilepsy or seizures
Split brain: left brain used for
Language
Split brain: right brain used for
Spatial and non-linguistic functions
Right and left brain functions:
Cerebral dominance
Tendencies for each brain hemisphere to exert control over different functions Like language (left) or perception of spatial relationships (right)
Specialization of the cerebral hemisphere:
Left hemisphere
Spontaneous speaking and writing,response to complex commands, word recognition, feelings of anxiety, positive emotion
Specialization of the cerebral hemisphere: right hemisphere
Repetitive>spontaneous speaking, response to simple commands, memory for shapes and music, emotional responsiveness, negative emotion
Limbic system shows
Mood and drives
Prefrontal cortex
Judgement, planning, processing new memories
Spinal chord
Allows signals to be exchanged between the brain and the sensory systems of PNS
