Unit 3 Pt 2: Sensation And Perception Flashcards
Color consistency
I look at an object and know it has color even if light changes to alter the wavelength given off by the object
We only retain color constancy when the _____ remains the same
Color
Context affects
Color
Hearing: loudness of a sound is determined by
A wave’s amplitude
Frequency
Number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
Frequency determines
The sound pitch
Pitch
Tones of highness or lowness
Hearing is measured in
Decibels
Zero decibel is considered
The threshold of hearing
Outer ear job
Gather sound waves to the eardrum
Outer ear parts
Auditory canal and eardrum
Outer ear function word
GATHER
Middle ear function word
AMPLIFY
Middle ear job
Amplify and concentrate the vibrations into cochlea’s oval window
Middle ear parts
Ossicles
Middle ear: 3 tiny bones
Hammer, anvil, and stirrup
Middle ear Hammer AKA
Malleus
Middle ear anvil AKA
Incus
Middle ear stirrup AKA
Stapes
Inner ear function word
TRANSDUCTION
Inner ear job
Change sound waves into neural impulses
Inner ear parts
Oval window, cochlea, basilar
Sound waves enter through
Outer ear
Sound waves enter through outer ear and are transmitted through a thin membrane called the
Eardrum (tympanic membrane)
Ear drum aka
tympanic membrane
The hammer connects the eardrum to the ______ of the middle ear
Ossicles
Fluid filled membrane in the inner ear transmits neural vibration
Cochlea
Hair cells
In the process they bend and send neural impulses which form the auditory nerve that defends messages to the brain?
Semicircular canals connected to cochlea contain
Substance that move when our head rotates or tilts and allows us to maintain our vestibular sense
Vestibular sense
Body movement, balance, position
Sense of body part’s position located throughout the body
Kinesthesis
Kinesthesis feels
Where body is without vision
Kinesthesis example
Joints
Ossicles function
Hammer and amplify sounds to the oval window
Oval window
The connecting point between the middle ear and the fluid filled inner ear
Hemholtz place theory
We hear pitches because different sound waves trigger activity at different places in the cochlea membrane
Hemholtz Place theory easily explains
High pitches since there pitches are highly located
Hemholtz theory determines
Pitches in the area to different places in the cochlea
Frequency theory one word
Vibration
Frequency theory
We sense pitch by the basilar membrane in the cochlea vibrating at the same rate as the sound
Frequency theory explains
Low pitch well
Why is having 2 ears important?
The sound hits one ear then the other
Conductive hearing loss in the
Outer or middle ear
Conductive hearing loss caused by
Damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea like eardrum and ossicles
Solution of conductive hearing loss
Buy hearing aid. It will take over the job of ossicles
Sensorineural hearing loss: damage caused to
Cochlea’s receptor cells (hair cells) or auditory nerves
Solution to sensorineural hearing loss
Cochlea implant
Older people suffer most hearing loss with
Frequency sounds
Gate control theory
Spinal cord contains a neurological “gate” that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain
Small nerve fibers in gate control theory
Conduct pain signals
Gate closed by the activity in LARGER NERVE FIBERS or by information coming from the brain
Putting ice so you won’t feel the pain
Pain is both a
Physiological and a psychological phenomenon
Depending on symptoms for pain, doctors by use
Drugs, surgery, etc. of relaxation training, thought distraction.
Lamaze method
Rhythmic breathing techniques
Why are taste and smell studied together?
They’re both chemical senses
Smell influences taste
Tongue
Central muscle for taste which contains taste buds
Smell runs through
Receptor cells in the nasal cavity which send neural signals to the brain
Umami
Savory taste activated by glutamate
The colder the food
The less you can taste it
Sense of smell activates areas in
Limbic system involved in
emotion: amygdala
And memory: hippocampus
Smell can often evoke
Memories of the pat or emotional experiences more often that most other senses
(Smell or crazy ex)
