Intelligence Pt. 2: Assessment, Reliability, And Validity Flashcards
To be accepted all psychological tests must be
Standardized
Reliable
Valid
Standardization
2 part test development that first establishes TEST NORMS by testing a representative sample of individuals who initially took the test, then assures the test is administered and scored correctly for all administrators
For standardization, your scores are compared with the
Pretested group scores (norms) who took the test
Standardized tests usually follow a __________ distribution
Normal
Standardized tests usually follow a ________ or _______ _______ ________ where most scores occur in the _____
Follow a normal or bell curve distribution
Scores occur in the middle
Both variance and standard deviation are measures which tell us how
Scores differ from one another or how spread out the distribution is
Variance is reported in
Squared units
To get the standard deviation which will be regular units you just
Take the square root of the variance
Standard deviation=
Square root of the variance
Reliability deals with
Consistency
Reliability’s question to ask
Do I always get SIMILAR results each time the test is administered?
Reliability example: would basing intelligence on a man’s pubic hair color be a reliable measure?
Yes b/c it is consistent, you will get the same results every time you measure his hair
Reliability word
Consistency
Ways to check reliability: test/retest
Same test is administered to the same group on 2 different occasions and compared
Ways to check reliability: split half
Score on one half of test questions is correlated with the score on the other half to see if they are consistent
Split half is
Internal reliability
Ways to check reliability: alternate form (equivalent form)
2 different versions of a test on the same material are given to the same test takers, and the scores are correlated to see if results are consistent
Validity
Deals with accuracy or predictability
Validity question to ask
Does the test measure what is supposed to be measured?
Validity example: Would using a scale that assessed athletic ability by measuring fingernail length be a valid measure?
No
Also not reliable
Content/face validity
Measure of the extent to which the content of the test measures all of the knowledge or skills that are supposed to be included within the domain being tested
Content/ face validity example
If 45% of the chapter 11 AP Psych Exam asks you to solve calculus problems it lacks content or face validity
Predictive validity
The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is supposed to predict
Predictive validity example
Does high GPA correlate with high college grades? Yes
Construct validity
Whether or not a scale measures the theorized concept (or construct) it is supposed to
CONSTRUCT validity word
Abstract: cant touch
Constructive validity is like the _______ validity
Philosophical
If an IQ test has construct validity,
It would mean the questions on it truly dal with all the components that make a person intelligent (intelligence would be the construct)
Criterion
The behavior that a test is supposed to predict
Criterion is used to see if
Test is successful
What would the criterion be for the ACTs?
How well you’ll do in college
What would the criterion be for the NFL combine drills?
How well you’ll do in the NFL game
The Flynn Effect
Since the advent of intelligence tests, people’s IQ scores have been improving with time
If standardized with today’s tests, scores 80 years ago would have an average IQ of 76.
The Flynn Effect
Possible causes of the Flynn effect
Nurture- better schools, technology, expectations
Mental retardation
Condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score below 70 AND difficulty adapting to the demands of life
Mental retardation aka
Intellectual disability
Down syndrome: Condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by
an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup
Many mentally rehearsed people with Down Syndrome can adapt to disorder and
Some have earned college degrees with accommodations… nearly all learn how to read
Degrees of mental retardation scores
Mild- 50-70
Moderate- 35-49
Severe- 20-34
Creativity
Ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
Components of creativity (5)
Expertise Imaginative thinking skills Venturesome personality Intrinsic motivation Creative environment
Is intelligence genetic or environmental?
Influenced by both, but most genetically similar have the most similar scores
With age, genetic influences become more
Apparent
Adopted children’s intelligence becomes more like
Their biological parents and identical twins similarities continue to increase as they age
Still hard to tell what percentage of intelligence comes from genres to account for differences between people
Heritability
Stereotype threat
Refers to the experience of anxiety in a situation where a person has the potential to confirm a negative stereotype about their group
Because of the stereotype that women can’t do math as well as men, men outperformed EQUALLY CAPABLE women on a difficult math test
Stereotype threat
Stereotype threat: The gap between scores disappear when women are
Led to expect ant women usually do as well as men
Group differences in intelligence scores are probably mostly attributed to the
Environment
Percentiles
Percentage of individuals you score same/better on the test
WAIS is
Standard deviation
To determine what % of individuals score between IQ,
Subtract the corresponding percentiles
The percentiles
0.1, 2, 16, 50, 84, 98, 99.9
Percentiles make the curve ______ because
Normal because they are always the same
