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AP Psychology > Memory Pt 2: Storage, Retrieval, And Forgetting > Flashcards

Memory Pt 2: Storage, Retrieval, And Forgetting Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensory memory

A

Refers to the initial recording of sensory information in the memory system.

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2
Q

All information in the sensory memory is briefly held for how long?

A

1/2 to 4 seconds

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3
Q

Sensory memory include

A

Iconic memory and echoic memory

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4
Q

Iconic memory

A

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli

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5
Q

Iconic memory duration

A

Few tenth of a second

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6
Q

ICONic memory (way to remember)

A

Eye

Desktop icon

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7
Q

Echoic memory

A

A momentary sensory memory for auditory stimuli

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8
Q

Echoic memory duration

A

3-4 seconds

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9
Q

ECHOic memory

A

Memory will echo back

Sound

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10
Q

Why is sensory memory very hard to measure?

A

It fades away as we try to measure it

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11
Q

Who measured iconic memory?

A

George Sperling

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12
Q

Sensory memory disappears unless

A

You focus your selective attention on the information

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13
Q

Attention causes information to be further processed into

A

Short term memory

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14
Q

Subliminal message

A

Cannot be consciously aware of the message

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15
Q

Short duration (10-15 seconds)

Holds limited information

A

Short term memory

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16
Q

Only through ________ do short term memories become long term memories

A

Rehearsal/practice

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17
Q

“There comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something you knew before” true or false?

A

False, long term memory is unlimited

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18
Q

Karl Lashley maze memory experiment for rats

A

She searched for the brain “engram” physical “memory trace” in rats after they had run mazes from 1920-1955.

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19
Q

Lashley’s belief on where memories are stored

A

Learning was NOT localized, all parts of the cortex worked together and as a whole

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20
Q

Long term potential (LTP)

A

Long-lasting strengthening of the connection between 2 neuron. Believed to be neural basis for learning and memory

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21
Q

Believed to be neural basis for learning and memory

A

Long Term Potential (LTP)

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22
Q

LTP process

A

Occurs naturally when we learn through association.. after learning has occurred, neurons involved in process become more efficient at transmitting the signals.

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23
Q

Drugs that block LTP affect

A

Learning drastically

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24
Q

Strong emotions are for stronger memories such as

A

Stress hormones boost impact on learning

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25
Q

LTP is what theory of memory?

A

BIOLOGICAL theory of memory

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26
Q

The lady who know exactly about all her past memories had an increase of

A

Long term potential

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27
Q

Long term POTENTIAL

A

Action potential

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28
Q

Loss of memory

A

Amnesia

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29
Q

Amnesiac patients typically have

A

Losses in explicit memory

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30
Q

Explicit memory aka

A

Declarative memory

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31
Q

Explicit memory simple words

A

Facts memory

32
Q

Declarative memory

A

Memory of facts and experiences the one can consciously know and declare

33
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

Type of memory loss where patients are UNABLE TO FORM ANY NEW MEMORIES

34
Q

Can’t remember anything that has occurred AFTER a traumatic head injury

A

Anterograde amnesia

35
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Type of memory loss where patients are UNABLE TO REMEMBER PAST EVENTS.

36
Q

May forget everything that happened BEFORE a traumatic head injury

A

Retrograde amnesia

37
Q

Concussions have what type of amnesia

A

Retrograde amnesia

38
Q

Hippocampus in explicit memory

A

Neural center located in limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage

39
Q

Left and right hippocampus

A

Have different effects

40
Q

Prospective memory

A

Form of memory that involves remembering to perform a pervious behavior in the future at the appropriate time

41
Q

Prospective memory is used

A

Everyday for simple tasks and for potentially life or death situations

42
Q

Opposite of retrospective memory

A

Prospective memory

43
Q

Examples of prospective memory

A

Remembering to grab papers in the beginning of class

Remember to take pills

44
Q

Implicit memory is through

A

Cerebellum

45
Q

Implicit memory AKA

A

Procedural memory

46
Q

Procedural memory

A

Retention of things without conscious recollection

47
Q

Implicit memory is what type of memory?

A

Skill memory

48
Q

Cerebellum’s role in implicit memory

A

Helps facilitate associate learning responses ie classical conditioning

49
Q

Cutting pathway to the cerebellum makes rabbits unable

A

To learn conditioned responses.

50
Q

2 types of long term memories

A

Explicit and implicit

51
Q

Explicit memory 2 functions

A

Facts-general knowledge (semantic memory)

Personality experienced events (episodic memory)

52
Q

Implicit memory 2 functions

A

Skills-motor and cognitive

Dispositions classical and operant conditioning effects

53
Q

Recall

A

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier

54
Q

Recall example

A

Fill in the blank

55
Q

Recognition

A

A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned

56
Q

Recognition example

A

Multiple choice

57
Q

Priming

A

Activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations of memory

58
Q

Priming example

A

Mr. Dwyer said a bunch of words related to sleep so I thought he said sleep

59
Q

Retrieval cues: context effects memory retrieval

A

Able to retrieve information better when you are in the same context you learned it in

60
Q

Retrieval cues: emotional/mood impact memory types

A

State dependent memory

Mood congruent memory

61
Q

State dependent memory

A

Information is most easily recalled when in same “STATE” OF CONSCIOUSNESS it was learned

62
Q

State dependent memory example

A

Getting drunk and putting scissors somewhere and cant find them so you have to get drunk again to find them

63
Q

Mood congruent memory

A

Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood

64
Q

Memory connected to mood

A

Mood congruent memory

65
Q

Forgetting is a result of either

A

Encoding failure
Storage decay or
Retrieval failure

66
Q

Encoding failure

A

When distracted or not paying attention

67
Q

Forgetting as encoding failure: information __________ enters the memory system

A

Never

68
Q

Forgetting as encoding failure: attention is

A

Selective

69
Q

Attention is selective in forgetting as encoding failure

A

We cannot attend to everything in our environment

70
Q

William James on forgetting as encoding failure said that

A

We would be as bad off if we remembered everything as we would be if we remembered nothing

71
Q

Retrieval failure

A

Forgetting can result from failure to retrieve information from long term memory

72
Q

Retrieval failure example

A

Tip of the tongue

73
Q

Forgetting as interference:

A

Learning some items may disrupt retrieval of other information

74
Q

Proactive(forward acting) interference

A

Disruptive effective of prior learning on recall of new information

75
Q

Retroactive (backwards acting) interference

A

Disruptive effective of new learning on recall of old information

76
Q

When he confused your name with his ex is what type of interference?

A

Proactive

77
Q

Learning about civil war, then learning about revolutionary war and getting confused about civil war is what type of interference?

A

Retroactive interference

AP Psychology (33 decks)

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