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AP Psychology > Memory Pt 2: Storage, Retrieval, And Forgetting > Flashcards

Memory Pt 2: Storage, Retrieval, And Forgetting Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory memory

A

Refers to the initial recording of sensory information in the memory system.

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2
Q

All information in the sensory memory is briefly held for how long?

A

1/2 to 4 seconds

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3
Q

Sensory memory include

A

Iconic memory and echoic memory

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4
Q

Iconic memory

A

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli

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5
Q

Iconic memory duration

A

Few tenth of a second

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6
Q

ICONic memory (way to remember)

A

Eye

Desktop icon

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7
Q

Echoic memory

A

A momentary sensory memory for auditory stimuli

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8
Q

Echoic memory duration

A

3-4 seconds

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9
Q

ECHOic memory

A

Memory will echo back

Sound

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10
Q

Why is sensory memory very hard to measure?

A

It fades away as we try to measure it

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11
Q

Who measured iconic memory?

A

George Sperling

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12
Q

Sensory memory disappears unless

A

You focus your selective attention on the information

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13
Q

Attention causes information to be further processed into

A

Short term memory

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14
Q

Subliminal message

A

Cannot be consciously aware of the message

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15
Q

Short duration (10-15 seconds)

Holds limited information

A

Short term memory

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16
Q

Only through ________ do short term memories become long term memories

A

Rehearsal/practice

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17
Q

“There comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something you knew before” true or false?

A

False, long term memory is unlimited

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18
Q

Karl Lashley maze memory experiment for rats

A

She searched for the brain “engram” physical “memory trace” in rats after they had run mazes from 1920-1955.

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19
Q

Lashley’s belief on where memories are stored

A

Learning was NOT localized, all parts of the cortex worked together and as a whole

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20
Q

Long term potential (LTP)

A

Long-lasting strengthening of the connection between 2 neuron. Believed to be neural basis for learning and memory

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21
Q

Believed to be neural basis for learning and memory

A

Long Term Potential (LTP)

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22
Q

LTP process

A

Occurs naturally when we learn through association.. after learning has occurred, neurons involved in process become more efficient at transmitting the signals.

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23
Q

Drugs that block LTP affect

A

Learning drastically

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24
Q

Strong emotions are for stronger memories such as

A

Stress hormones boost impact on learning

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25
LTP is what theory of memory?
BIOLOGICAL theory of memory
26
The lady who know exactly about all her past memories had an increase of
Long term potential
27
Long term POTENTIAL
Action potential
28
Loss of memory
Amnesia
29
Amnesiac patients typically have
Losses in explicit memory
30
Explicit memory aka
Declarative memory
31
Explicit memory simple words
Facts memory
32
Declarative memory
Memory of facts and experiences the one can consciously know and declare
33
Anterograde Amnesia
Type of memory loss where patients are UNABLE TO FORM ANY NEW MEMORIES
34
Can’t remember anything that has occurred AFTER a traumatic head injury
Anterograde amnesia
35
Retrograde amnesia
Type of memory loss where patients are UNABLE TO REMEMBER PAST EVENTS.
36
May forget everything that happened BEFORE a traumatic head injury
Retrograde amnesia
37
Concussions have what type of amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
38
Hippocampus in explicit memory
Neural center located in limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage
39
Left and right hippocampus
Have different effects
40
Prospective memory
Form of memory that involves remembering to perform a pervious behavior in the future at the appropriate time
41
Prospective memory is used
Everyday for simple tasks and for potentially life or death situations
42
Opposite of retrospective memory
Prospective memory
43
Examples of prospective memory
Remembering to grab papers in the beginning of class Remember to take pills
44
Implicit memory is through
Cerebellum
45
Implicit memory AKA
Procedural memory
46
Procedural memory
Retention of things without conscious recollection
47
Implicit memory is what type of memory?
Skill memory
48
Cerebellum’s role in implicit memory
Helps facilitate associate learning responses ie classical conditioning
49
Cutting pathway to the cerebellum makes rabbits unable
To learn conditioned responses.
50
2 types of long term memories
Explicit and implicit
51
Explicit memory 2 functions
Facts-general knowledge (semantic memory) Personality experienced events (episodic memory)
52
Implicit memory 2 functions
Skills-motor and cognitive Dispositions classical and operant conditioning effects
53
Recall
A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier
54
Recall example
Fill in the blank
55
Recognition
A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned
56
Recognition example
Multiple choice
57
Priming
Activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations of memory
58
Priming example
Mr. Dwyer said a bunch of words related to sleep so I thought he said sleep
59
Retrieval cues: context effects memory retrieval
Able to retrieve information better when you are in the same context you learned it in
60
Retrieval cues: emotional/mood impact memory types
State dependent memory Mood congruent memory
61
State dependent memory
Information is most easily recalled when in same “STATE” OF CONSCIOUSNESS it was learned
62
State dependent memory example
Getting drunk and putting scissors somewhere and cant find them so you have to get drunk again to find them
63
Mood congruent memory
Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood
64
Memory connected to mood
Mood congruent memory
65
Forgetting is a result of either
Encoding failure Storage decay or Retrieval failure
66
Encoding failure
When distracted or not paying attention
67
Forgetting as encoding failure: information __________ enters the memory system
Never
68
Forgetting as encoding failure: attention is
Selective
69
Attention is selective in forgetting as encoding failure
We cannot attend to everything in our environment
70
William James on forgetting as encoding failure said that
We would be as bad off if we remembered everything as we would be if we remembered nothing
71
Retrieval failure
Forgetting can result from failure to retrieve information from long term memory
72
Retrieval failure example
Tip of the tongue
73
Forgetting as interference:
Learning some items may disrupt retrieval of other information
74
Proactive(forward acting) interference
Disruptive effective of prior learning on recall of new information
75
Retroactive (backwards acting) interference
Disruptive effective of new learning on recall of old information
76
When he confused your name with his ex is what type of interference?
Proactive
77
Learning about civil war, then learning about revolutionary war and getting confused about civil war is what type of interference?
Retroactive interference

AP Psychology (33 decks)

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