Psychological Disorders And Abnormal Psychology Pt. 2

Question 1

Most common psychological disorder

Answer 1

Depressive disorders

Question 2

All depressive disorders involve

Answer 2

Sad, empty, or irritable moods which are accompanied by cognitive and somatic changes that significantly alter a person’s ability to function

Question 3

Somatic changes due to depressive disorders

Answer 3

Bodily changes: apatite, sleep

Question 4

Types of depressive disorders (3)

Answer 4

Major depressive disorder
Dysthymia (persistent depressive disorder)
Seasonal affective disorder

Question 5

Major depressive disorder must met at least 5 of the following symptoms for _____ or ____ weeks

Answer 5

2 or more

Question 6

Symptoms of major depressive disorder

Answer 6

Depressed mood, loss of interest in activities, changes in weight, changes in sleeping patterns, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, diminished ability to concentrate, or repeated thoughts of death/suicide

Question 7

Major depressive disorder also may cause Significant distress and

Answer 7

Loss of their ability to function normally

Question 8

Dysthymia (persistent depression) show depressive symptoms for

Answer 8

2 or more years

Question 9

Seasonal affective disorder aka

Answer 9

Winter depression

Question 10

Seasonal affective disorder

Answer 10

Nearly unknown in the tropics, but measurably prevalent in higher latitudes especially polar areas where daylight becomes rare in winter

Question 11

What neurotransmitter is scarce during depression?

Answer 11

Serotonin

Question 12

In depression, a person’s _____ lobe is less active

Answer 12

Frontal—> problem solving and decisions

Question 13

Cognitively, people tend to have a negative explanatory outlook which helps feel

Answer 13

Depression and lower mood

Question 14

Vicious cycle of depression

Answer 14

—>Stressful experiences—> negative explanatory style—> depressed mood—> cognitive and behavioral changes

Question 15

Females are more likely to _____ suicide; males are more likely to ___ suicide

Answer 15

Attempt, commit

Question 16

Bipolar disorder: BI and POLAR

Answer 16

BI- 2

POLAR- extremes of mood poles

Question 17

Bipolar disorder

Answer 17

Mood disorder in which person alternates between hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited, hyperactive, optimistic state of mania

Question 18

Bipolar disorder used to be known as

Answer 18

Manic depressive

Question 19

Extremely elevated and excitable mood usually associated with bipolar disorder

Answer 19

Mania

Has high epinephrine

Question 20

In general, dissociate disorders are

Answer 20

Disorders in which a person’s conscious awareness becomes separate (dissociated) from previous memories and feelings

Question 21

When conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories and feelings it leads to

Answer 21

Amnesia

Question 22

Dissociate disorders involve (link to memory)

Answer 22

Memory loss and disconnection to the self

Question 23

Dissociative identity disorder Used to be known as

Answer 23

multiple personality disorder

Question 24

Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 24

Rare disorder where person exhibits 2 or more distinct and alternating personalities

Question 25

Split in awareness

Answer 25

Dissociation

Question 26

Cause of spilt personality and dissociative disorder: most commonly reported in people who have been a victim of

Answer 26

Physical/sexual abuse when they were young

Question 27

______ is involved when alternate personalities “take over”

Answer 27

Amnesia

Question 28

Each alternating personality has its own

Answer 28

Memories, behaviors, and relationships, and may have different physical symptoms like allergies

Question 29

Unlike other forms of memory loss, dissociative memory loss is NOT caused by

Answer 29

Brain trauma

Question 30

Dissociative memory is caused by

Answer 30

Psychological trauma, intense anxiety

Question 31

Dissociative (psychogenic) amnesia

Answer 31

Inability to remember autobiographical information that is beyond normal forgetting

Question 32

Dissociative (psychogenic) amnesia can include falling into a

Answer 32

Dissociative fugue stage

Question 33

Bipolar 1- _____ mania

Answer 33

Severe

Question 34

Bipolar 2 ______ ______ mania

Answer 34

Less severe; hypomania

Question 35

Dissociative (psychogenic) FUGUE state

Answer 35

Flee/leave

Question 36

Dissociative (psychogenic) fugue state

Answer 36

When person with amnesia physically moves away from home or travels great distance in amnesiac state

Question 37

Dissociative (psychogenic) fugue state is usually temporary and according to some research is caused by

Answer 37

Traumatic/stressful episode

Question 38

Dissociative (psychogenic) fugue state is considered to be part of the

Answer 38

Dissociative amnesia disorder category according to DSM 5

Question 39

Symptoms for dissociative disorders

Answer 39

``` Memory loss/amnesia Depersonalization Derealization Taking on 2/more distinct personalities in case of dissociative identity disorder Considered non-psychotic ```

Question 40

Symptoms for dissociative disorders: depersonalization

Answer 40

Feeling disconnected from one’s body

Question 41

Symptoms for dissociative disorders: derealization

Answer 41

Feeling detached from environment. Experiences seem unreal, dream-like, life-less, or foggy

Question 42

Schizophrenia

Answer 42

Disorder characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions

Question 43

Schizophrenics often experience

Answer 43

Hallucinations (false perceptions) that impact sense and delusions (false beliefs of grandeur or persecution)

Question 44

Symptoms of schizophrenia: 1delusions

Answer 44

False beliefs of persecution, grandeur, thought insertion, paranoia

Question 45

Symptoms of schizophrenia: 2perceptions distortions

Answer 45

Hallucinations

Question 46

Symptoms of schizophrenia: 3disorganized speech

Answer 46

Word salad, incoherence

Question 47

Symptoms of schizophrenia: 4disorganized thinking

Answer 47

Ideas slip off track

Question 48

Symptoms of schizophrenia: 5Disturbance in emotions

Answer 48

Inappropriate-laugh at funerals, cry at a bday cake, FLAT- No emotion

Question 49

Symptoms of schizophrenia: 6motor skill disturbances

Answer 49

Rigid posture, catatonic

Question 50

Symptoms of schizophrenia: 7disturbed reality

Answer 50

Lose touch, are psychotic

Question 51

Positive symptoms

Answer 51

Active symptoms

Question 52

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 52

Involve the PRESENCE of inappropriate perceptions behavior- hallucinations, delusions, “word salad”, inappropriate laughter, etc

Question 53

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 53

Involves the absence of appropriate behavior Toneless voices, expressionless, Regid, mute, etc. Passive symptoms- does nothing

Question 54

Negative symptoms are often associated with Catatonia

Answer 54

Diminished emotional expressions- no facial expressions, eye contact, voice inflection, or body language

Question 55

Avolition

Answer 55

Decrease in purposeful, motivated behavior. “Doing nothing”

Question 56

Catatonia

Answer 56

Lots of negative symptoms cause them to appear “statue-like” rigid posture, no communication

Question 57

In schizophrenia, delusions continue to exist even when

Answer 57

Contradictory evidence is presented

Question 58

Persecutory

Answer 58

Paranoid belief one is going to be harmed by outside force

Question 59

Grandiose

Answer 59

Belief that one has special powers, wealth, or fame

Question 60

Erotomanic

Answer 60

False belief that another person is in love with them

Question 61

Thought withdrawal or insertion

Answer 61

Belief that some force is deleting or inserting thoughts

Question 62

Delusions of control

Answer 62

Belief that your actions are being controlled by some outside force

Question 63

Hallucinations (false perception) can impact

Answer 63

All of the senses

Question 64

Most common type of hallucinations a schizophrenic suffers from is

Answer 64

Auditory- hearing voices, but hallucinations can impact all of our senses like see, smell, touch

Question 65

Most psychologists believe disorganized thinking and hallucinations is caused by a breakdown in

Answer 65

Selective attention

Question 66

Dopamine hypnosis

Answer 66

States breakdown in selective attention is caused by EXCESS of the neurotransmitter, dopamine. Researchers believe receptors for this transmitter are overactive

Question 67

Medications like Thorazine lessen the positive symptoms of schizophrenia by

Answer 67

Blocking dopamine receptors thus either preventing the release of dopamine or LOWERING ITS LEVELS

Question 68

Side effects of medications for schizophrenia

Answer 68

Tremors and seizures- TARDIVE DYSKINESA | Restlessness, slowed mental functioning, sexual dysfunction, drowsiness, depression, and reduced apatite among others

Question 69

Medications for schizophrenia can also worsen

Answer 69

Negative symptoms or can put patient at risk for overdose

Question 70

Postmortem brain scans reveal enlarged fluid filled areas of the brain called

Answer 70

Ventricles in many diagnosed with schizophrenia along with SHRUNKEN THALAMUS AREA- sensory switchboard

Question 71

During schizophrenia , correlations also show less

Answer 71

Grey matter (helps with thinking and consolidating sensory and cognitive data in brain)

Question 72

Genetic influences with schizophrenia: twin studies

Answer 72

Higher correlation between identical than fraternal

Question 73

Genetic influences with schizophrenia: adoption studies

Answer 73

More at risk if biological parent has disorder than adoptive parent

Question 74

Genetic influences with schizophrenia: family studies

Answer 74

Tends to run in the family