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AP Psychology > Psychological Disorders And Abnormal Psychology Pt. 2 > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders And Abnormal Psychology Pt. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Most common psychological disorder

A

Depressive disorders

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2
Q

All depressive disorders involve

A

Sad, empty, or irritable moods which are accompanied by cognitive and somatic changes that significantly alter a person’s ability to function

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3
Q

Somatic changes due to depressive disorders

A

Bodily changes: apatite, sleep

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4
Q

Types of depressive disorders (3)

A

Major depressive disorder
Dysthymia (persistent depressive disorder)
Seasonal affective disorder

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5
Q

Major depressive disorder must met at least 5 of the following symptoms for _____ or ____ weeks

A

2 or more

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6
Q

Symptoms of major depressive disorder

A

Depressed mood, loss of interest in activities, changes in weight, changes in sleeping patterns, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, diminished ability to concentrate, or repeated thoughts of death/suicide

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7
Q

Major depressive disorder also may cause Significant distress and

A

Loss of their ability to function normally

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8
Q

Dysthymia (persistent depression) show depressive symptoms for

A

2 or more years

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9
Q

Seasonal affective disorder aka

A

Winter depression

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10
Q

Seasonal affective disorder

A

Nearly unknown in the tropics, but measurably prevalent in higher latitudes especially polar areas where daylight becomes rare in winter

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11
Q

What neurotransmitter is scarce during depression?

A

Serotonin

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12
Q

In depression, a person’s _____ lobe is less active

A

Frontal—> problem solving and decisions

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13
Q

Cognitively, people tend to have a negative explanatory outlook which helps feel

A

Depression and lower mood

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14
Q

Vicious cycle of depression

A

—>Stressful experiences—> negative explanatory style—> depressed mood—> cognitive and behavioral changes

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15
Q

Females are more likely to _____ suicide; males are more likely to ___ suicide

A

Attempt, commit

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16
Q

Bipolar disorder: BI and POLAR

A

BI- 2

POLAR- extremes of mood poles

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17
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Mood disorder in which person alternates between hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited, hyperactive, optimistic state of mania

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18
Q

Bipolar disorder used to be known as

A

Manic depressive

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19
Q

Extremely elevated and excitable mood usually associated with bipolar disorder

A

Mania

Has high epinephrine

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20
Q

In general, dissociate disorders are

A

Disorders in which a person’s conscious awareness becomes separate (dissociated) from previous memories and feelings

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21
Q

When conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories and feelings it leads to

A

Amnesia

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22
Q

Dissociate disorders involve (link to memory)

A

Memory loss and disconnection to the self

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23
Q

Dissociative identity disorder Used to be known as

A

multiple personality disorder

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24
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

Rare disorder where person exhibits 2 or more distinct and alternating personalities

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25
Q

Split in awareness

A

Dissociation

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26
Q

Cause of spilt personality and dissociative disorder: most commonly reported in people who have been a victim of

A

Physical/sexual abuse when they were young

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27
Q

______ is involved when alternate personalities “take over”

A

Amnesia

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28
Q

Each alternating personality has its own

A

Memories, behaviors, and relationships, and may have different physical symptoms like allergies

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29
Q

Unlike other forms of memory loss, dissociative memory loss is NOT caused by

A

Brain trauma

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30
Q

Dissociative memory is caused by

A

Psychological trauma, intense anxiety

31
Q

Dissociative (psychogenic) amnesia

A

Inability to remember autobiographical information that is beyond normal forgetting

32
Q

Dissociative (psychogenic) amnesia can include falling into a

A

Dissociative fugue stage

33
Q

Bipolar 1- _____ mania

A

Severe

34
Q

Bipolar 2 ______ ______ mania

A

Less severe; hypomania

35
Q

Dissociative (psychogenic) FUGUE state

A

Flee/leave

36
Q

Dissociative (psychogenic) fugue state

A

When person with amnesia physically moves away from home or travels great distance in amnesiac state

37
Q

Dissociative (psychogenic) fugue state is usually temporary and according to some research is caused by

A

Traumatic/stressful episode

38
Q

Dissociative (psychogenic) fugue state is considered to be part of the

A

Dissociative amnesia disorder category according to DSM 5

39
Q

Symptoms for dissociative disorders

A 
Memory loss/amnesia 
Depersonalization 
Derealization
Taking on 2/more distinct personalities in case of dissociative identity disorder 
Considered non-psychotic
40
Q

Symptoms for dissociative disorders: depersonalization

A

Feeling disconnected from one’s body

41
Q

Symptoms for dissociative disorders: derealization

A

Feeling detached from environment. Experiences seem unreal, dream-like, life-less, or foggy

42
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Disorder characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions

43
Q

Schizophrenics often experience

A

Hallucinations (false perceptions) that impact sense and delusions (false beliefs of grandeur or persecution)

44
Q

Symptoms of schizophrenia: 1delusions

A

False beliefs of persecution, grandeur, thought insertion, paranoia

45
Q

Symptoms of schizophrenia: 2perceptions distortions

A

Hallucinations

46
Q

Symptoms of schizophrenia: 3disorganized speech

A

Word salad, incoherence

47
Q

Symptoms of schizophrenia: 4disorganized thinking

A

Ideas slip off track

48
Q

Symptoms of schizophrenia: 5Disturbance in emotions

A

Inappropriate-laugh at funerals, cry at a bday cake, FLAT- No emotion

49
Q

Symptoms of schizophrenia: 6motor skill disturbances

A

Rigid posture, catatonic

50
Q

Symptoms of schizophrenia: 7disturbed reality

A

Lose touch, are psychotic

51
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Active symptoms

52
Q

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Involve the PRESENCE of inappropriate perceptions behavior- hallucinations, delusions, “word salad”, inappropriate laughter, etc

53
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Involves the absence of appropriate behavior
Toneless voices, expressionless, Regid, mute, etc.
Passive symptoms- does nothing

54
Q

Negative symptoms are often associated with Catatonia

A

Diminished emotional expressions- no facial expressions, eye contact, voice inflection, or body language

55
Q

Avolition

A

Decrease in purposeful, motivated behavior. “Doing nothing”

56
Q

Catatonia

A

Lots of negative symptoms cause them to appear “statue-like” rigid posture, no communication

57
Q

In schizophrenia, delusions continue to exist even when

A

Contradictory evidence is presented

58
Q

Persecutory

A

Paranoid belief one is going to be harmed by outside force

59
Q

Grandiose

A

Belief that one has special powers, wealth, or fame

60
Q

Erotomanic

A

False belief that another person is in love with them

61
Q

Thought withdrawal or insertion

A

Belief that some force is deleting or inserting thoughts

62
Q

Delusions of control

A

Belief that your actions are being controlled by some outside force

63
Q

Hallucinations (false perception) can impact

A

All of the senses

64
Q

Most common type of hallucinations a schizophrenic suffers from is

A

Auditory- hearing voices, but hallucinations can impact all of our senses like see, smell, touch

65
Q

Most psychologists believe disorganized thinking and hallucinations is caused by a breakdown in

A

Selective attention

66
Q

Dopamine hypnosis

A

States breakdown in selective attention is caused by EXCESS of the neurotransmitter, dopamine. Researchers believe receptors for this transmitter are overactive

67
Q

Medications like Thorazine lessen the positive symptoms of schizophrenia by

A

Blocking dopamine receptors thus either preventing the release of dopamine or LOWERING ITS LEVELS

68
Q

Side effects of medications for schizophrenia

A

Tremors and seizures- TARDIVE DYSKINESA

Restlessness, slowed mental functioning, sexual dysfunction, drowsiness, depression, and reduced apatite among others

69
Q

Medications for schizophrenia can also worsen

A

Negative symptoms or can put patient at risk for overdose

70
Q

Postmortem brain scans reveal enlarged fluid filled areas of the brain called

A

Ventricles in many diagnosed with schizophrenia along with SHRUNKEN THALAMUS AREA- sensory switchboard

71
Q

During schizophrenia , correlations also show less

A

Grey matter (helps with thinking and consolidating sensory and cognitive data in brain)

72
Q

Genetic influences with schizophrenia: twin studies

A

Higher correlation between identical than fraternal

73
Q

Genetic influences with schizophrenia: adoption studies

A

More at risk if biological parent has disorder than adoptive parent

74
Q

Genetic influences with schizophrenia: family studies

A

Tends to run in the family

AP Psychology (33 decks)

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