Unit 4: State Of Consciousness Flashcards
1
Q
Consciousness
A
Our awareness of ourselves and our environment
2
Q
Consciousness level
A
The mental events that you are aware of at a certain moment
3
Q
Non conscious level
A
Mental activity that is inaccessible conscious awareness
4
Q
Non conscious level example
A
Blood pressure, heartbeat, breathing, hormones
5
Q
Preconscious level
A
Mental activity that is not currently conscious but we can easily become conscious of it
6
Q
Preconscious level example
A
Best friend’s name
Basically memory
7
Q
Unconscious level
A
Mental activity that influences consciousness but is not conscious
8
Q
What concept is unconscious level
A
Freudian concept
9
Q
Subconscious level
A
Cognitive process where information falls below absolute threshold
10
Q
Dualism is basically
A
Saying mind and body are 2 district entities that interact
11
Q
Dualism
A
The mind is non physical and can exist apart from the physical body
12
Q
Dualism supported by
A
Philosophers including Renee Descartes and Socrates
13
Q
Monism another word
A
Materialism
14
Q
Monism
A
Mind and body are different aspects of the same thing
15
Q
Brain is physical entity and the mind is what the brain does
A
Monism
16
Q
Monism is basically that
A
Mind and body cannot be separated, without bodies we are nobodies
17
Q
Monism supported by philosophers like
A
Thomas Hobbes
18
Q
Near death experiences
A
Altered state of consciousness- reported after a close brush with death
19
Q
When I think about near death experiences
A
Moving towards white light
Series of memories flashing
20
Q
How dualism and monism explains near death experiences
A
Dualism: mind is going to a higher place
Monism: experience of brain shutting down
21
Q
Fantasy prone personality
A
Someone who imagines and re all’s experiences with lifelike situations and spends time fantasizing.
Women do this more
22
Q
How daydreaming is helpful
A
Helps prepare us for future events
Serves as a substitute for impulsive behavior (day dream because if not happen in real life)
23
Q
Biological Rhythms: annual cycles
A
Yearly
24
Q
Infradian Rhythms example and time
A
Menstruation cycle: longer than24 hours
25
Ultradian rhythms
More than once a day, like sleep stage, apatite, body temperature, and fluctuation
26
Circadian rhythm influenced by
Sunlight and darkness
27
Circadian rhythms includes
Sleep and wakefulness
28
Circadian Rhythm in the morning
Light triggers the suprachiasmatic nucleus to decrease melatonin from the pineal gland
29
Circadian Rhythm in the evening
Fading light triggers the suprachiasmatic nucleus to increase melatonin.
30
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
In the hypothalamus: regulation of physiological circadian rhythms.
31
Body temperature around 9pm
Is the highest and Goes down as we go to sleep
32
Body temperature at 5 am
Is the lowest and goes up as we wake up
33
About every ___ minutes we pass through a cycle of four distinctive sleep stages
90
34
What waves are released when an individual closes his eyes but remains awake
Alpha waves
35
Alpha waves are
Awake but relaxed
36
What waves are there when we are awake and alert
Beta waves
37
Beta wave is being
Busy and awake
38
What waves does a person exhibit during meditation
Alpha waves
39
NREM 1 is basically
Drowsy sleep
40
Stage 1 of sleep
NREM 1: very light sleep
| Easy to awaken experience hallucinations, hypnogogic falling sensations,myclonic jerks
41
NREM 1is characterized only by
Theta waves
42
NREM2 is basically
Fully asleep
43
NREM 2
Slightly deeper sleep
Prime napping time
Talking in sleep
Eyes rolling slowly
44
NREM 2 has theta waves with
Sleep spindles (rapid waves)
45
NREM 3 is basically
Deep sleep
46
NREM 3 AKA
Slow wave sleep characterized by delta waves
47
NREM 3sleep is deepest sleep
Difficult to awaken and will be disoriented
48
NREM 3 waves
Delta waves
49
After NREM 3 we go to
NREM 2
50
Sleep disorders in NREM 3
Night terrors and sleep walking
51
Night terrors
Sudden arousal from sleep with intense fear accompanied by physiological reactions (rapid heart rate, perspiration)
52
Sleepwalking
Type of parasomnia: abnormal behaviors during sleep
| Harmless and unrecalled the next day
53
REM sleep aka
Paradoxical sleep
54
Why is REM sleep active sleep?
Heart rate increases, breathing more rapid, eyes dart behind lids
55
What happens to genitals during REM sleep?
Genitals become aroused even when dreams are non sexual in nature
56
As sleep continues, REM sleep gets
Longer and longer
| That’s why dreams are more during morning than night
57
REM sleep includes
Rapid eye movement
Dreaming
REM atopia/ REM behavior disorder
58
Mind in REM sleep
Very active but body is inactive
| Paralyzed paradox
59
REM atopia
Muscle paralysis
60
REM behavior disorder
Not paralyzed but act out dreams
61
Sleep deprivation leads to
Cognitive and motor decline
62
Microsleep
Brief burst of sleep that we are not aware of
E.g.: drowsy during driving
63
Insomnia
A persistent inability to fall or stay asleep
64
Narcolepsy is in which stage
REM
65
Narcolepsy
Overpowering urge to fall asleep that may occur while talking or standing up
(Video we watched about the small girl)
66
Narcolepsy is lack of what hormone
Melatonin
67
Sleep apnea
Failure to breathe when asleep
68
Wake up feeling dread but no memory of the experience
Can move
Night terrors
69
Remember the plot of the bad dream
Cannot act out dreams (due to REM atopia)
Nightmares
70
REM rebound
When we didn’t have enough REM sleep and then allowed to sleep, we show more REM sleep
When deprived of sleep you dream more
71
Sleeping after being drunk
You can’t dream
72
Freud’s saying of why we dream: wish fulfillment
Dreams provide a psychic safety value to discharge unaccepted feelings
73
Dreams have a symbolic meaning that signify our unaccepted feelings
Freud- wish fulfillment
74
Wish fulfillment perception
Psychoanalytic
75
Manifest content
The STORY LINE of dreams
76
Latent content word
HIDDEN
77
Latent content
The UNDERLYING MEANING OF DREAMS
78
Latent content by Freud
Our dreams revealed our unconscious thoughts, worries, desires
79
Information processing/memory consolidation
Dreams may help sift, sort, and fix a day’s experience in our memories
80
Physiological function/growth
Dreams provide the sleeping brain with periodic stimulation to develop and preserve neural pathways.
SLEEP and DREAMS HELP GROWTH
81
Physiological growth and new born babies
Neural networks of new born babies keep developing so they need more sleep
82
Activation synthesis is opposite of
Freud’s theory
83
Activation synthesis
Random neural activity
Dreams make sense of this activity
84
Activation synthesis perspective
Biological
85
Cognitive development
Some researchers say that we dream for brain’s maturation and cognitive development, trying things out in the safety of our conscious.
86
Hypnosis
State of awareness by deep relaxation, heightened suggestibility and focused attention
87
Hypnotist suggests
Changes in sensation, thoughts, behavior
88
Hypnosis theory 1
| Hypnosis is
Not a special state of consciousness but is rather tied to social roles
89
Hypnosis one says hypnosis is a social phenomenon
Argument that participants are doing what’s expected of them
| They are just copying the role of how one acts during hypnosis: PERCEPTUAL SET!!
90
Hypnosis one and pain relief from hypnosis
It is caused by normal shift/split in selective attention
Like pain not felt during a football game
91
Hypnosis theory 2
| Dissociation divided conscious theory blends
Blends role and state theories
92
Hypnosis theory 2
| Dissociation divided conscious theory Hillary
Split= 1 part of a person’s voluntarily responds completely to hypnotist, the other part of person is aware of all reality
93
Hilgard dissociation
Split in voluntary and involuntary behaviors to be controlled in part by a hypnotist
94
Hilgard’s hidden observer
Hypnotized subject’s awareness of experience (pain) that go unreported during hypnosis.
Part of person is aware of the reality happening
95
Hidden observer
Part of person feels the pain during ice water experiments
96
Pain relief studies
Pain stimuli is split from emotional suffering from pain
97
Is there some part of the person feeling pain during hidden observer
According to it, yes
98
Odor on Divided consciousness theory
Hypnosis has caused a split in awareness
99
Odor on Social influence theory
The person is so caught up in hypnosis that she ignored the odor
100
Posthypnotic Amnesia
Can’t recall what happened during hypnosis because the hypnotist suggested it
101
Posthypnotic amnesia example
You will no longer remember anything you experienced today
102
Posthypnotic suggestion
Suggestion made during hypnosis which will continue even after hypnosis session is over
103
Posthypnotic suggestion example
From now on you will start finding smoking cigarettes to be stupid and lame
104
Psychoactive drug
Any chemical substance that ALTERS PERCEPTION AND MOOD
Impairs brain mechanisms that help us make good decisions
105
Depressants
“Downers”
| Calm neutral activity and slow body functions
106
Depressants include
Opiates and barbituants
107
Stimulants
“Uppers”
| Hype/excite neural activity
108
Hallucinogens
DISORT perception and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
109
Dissociative
Create split in awareness
110
Dissociative drugs feeling
Separation from body
| Usually have depressant and hallucinogenic qualities
111
Why do drugs get people “high”?
Drugs stimulate the release of certain neurotransmitters
| Others are agonists and antagonists
112
Drugs work at
Neurological level and brain’s synapse
113
What do addictive drugs do?
Stimulate the reward centers making you feel a sense of euphoria(excitement and happiness)
114
Alcohol suppresses parts of the brain that
Controls judgement, inhibitions, and can seriously alter physical functioning in high doses
115
Alcohol affects
Balance, memory, consciousness, leads to death
116
When you’re drunk you can be
Sober
117
Alcohol will increase
Any tendency, harmful or helpful
118
Barbiturates
Depress CNS and reduce anxiety but impair memory and judgment
119
Very dangerous when mixed with alcohol
Barbiturates
120
Examples of barbiturates
Tranquilizers like Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal.
| Some anticonvulsant and sleep aids
121
Opiates is from
Derived from the poppy plants and opium
122
Opiates
ACT AS PAINKILLERS and slow down neural activity
123
Examples of opiates
Morphine, heroine, opium
124
Opiates mimics_____ causing__________ because
Endorphins; causing massive cravings, withdrawal, and addiction because body stops producing its natural opiates
125
Stimulants example
Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA
126
Amphetamines
Speed
127
MDMA aka and qualities
Ecstasy
| Also has hallucinogenic qualities
128
Stimulant impact on body
Speed heart rate, breathing, often used to be awake, use weight or boost mood.
129
Cocaine vs crack
Crack produces quicker than cocaine and is more intense but lasts for a shorter period of time
130
What does cocaine do and cause
Uses up brain supply of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, often causing depression
Also increases paranoia and increases risk of heart problems
May increase aggressive behavior and extreme addiction
131
Methamphetamine words
Crystal meth, ice, speed
132
Methamphetamine causes
Large increase in alertness and may increase in energy and produce a euphoria (excitement)
133
Methamphetamine leads to
Extreme addiction, insomnia, nervousness or even seizures
134
Hallucinogens aka
Psychedelics!!
135
Drugs create______, altered perceptions, and blur lines between self and ________ __________
Hallucinogens
| External world
136
Most well known hallucinogen: LSD fullform
Lysergic acid diethylamine
Probably most powerful hallucinogen
137
Most hallucinogens affect
SEROTONIN receptors
138
Examples of psychedelics
Marijuana, peyote, mescaline, MDMA and psilocybin mushrooms
139
🍄psilocybin mushrooms🍄
Magic mushrooms!! 🍄
140
Most frequently used hallucinogen
WEEEEEEEEEEEEDDDDDDDDDDDDD
141
Marijuana consists of
Flowers and leaves from the hemp plant and when smoke nor ingested acts as a mild hallucinogen
142
What did weed do to you?
Relaxed, disinhibited and impaired my motor functions
At the same time amplified sensitivity to color, sound, taste and smells
143
Main active ingredient of cannabis
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
144
Advocates say marijuana serves as
Relief of suffering from pain, nausea and having trouble eating
145
Most annoying people recognize weed as
Toxic because of the smoke
146
Marijuana disadvantages
Disrupts memory formation and may cause sexual dysfunctions
147
Biological influence of drugs with twins
Identical twin is alcoholic—->other twin has an increased risk
148
Biological influence on drug use with genes
Molecular genetics have found gene that is more common in people with alcoholism
