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AP Psychology > Unit 4: State Of Consciousness > Flashcards

Unit 4: State Of Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

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2
Q

Consciousness level

A

The mental events that you are aware of at a certain moment

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3
Q

Non conscious level

A

Mental activity that is inaccessible conscious awareness

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4
Q

Non conscious level example

A

Blood pressure, heartbeat, breathing, hormones

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5
Q

Preconscious level

A

Mental activity that is not currently conscious but we can easily become conscious of it

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6
Q

Preconscious level example

A

Best friend’s name

Basically memory

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7
Q

Unconscious level

A

Mental activity that influences consciousness but is not conscious

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8
Q

What concept is unconscious level

A

Freudian concept

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9
Q

Subconscious level

A

Cognitive process where information falls below absolute threshold

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10
Q

Dualism is basically

A

Saying mind and body are 2 district entities that interact

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11
Q

Dualism

A

The mind is non physical and can exist apart from the physical body

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12
Q

Dualism supported by

A

Philosophers including Renee Descartes and Socrates

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13
Q

Monism another word

A

Materialism

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14
Q

Monism

A

Mind and body are different aspects of the same thing

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15
Q

Brain is physical entity and the mind is what the brain does

A

Monism

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16
Q

Monism is basically that

A

Mind and body cannot be separated, without bodies we are nobodies

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17
Q

Monism supported by philosophers like

A

Thomas Hobbes

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18
Q

Near death experiences

A

Altered state of consciousness- reported after a close brush with death

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19
Q

When I think about near death experiences

A

Moving towards white light

Series of memories flashing

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20
Q

How dualism and monism explains near death experiences

A

Dualism: mind is going to a higher place

Monism: experience of brain shutting down

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21
Q

Fantasy prone personality

A

Someone who imagines and re all’s experiences with lifelike situations and spends time fantasizing.
Women do this more

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22
Q

How daydreaming is helpful

A

Helps prepare us for future events

Serves as a substitute for impulsive behavior (day dream because if not happen in real life)

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23
Q

Biological Rhythms: annual cycles

A

Yearly

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24
Q

Infradian Rhythms example and time

A

Menstruation cycle: longer than24 hours

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25
Q

Ultradian rhythms

A

More than once a day, like sleep stage, apatite, body temperature, and fluctuation

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26
Q

Circadian rhythm influenced by

A

Sunlight and darkness

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27
Q

Circadian rhythms includes

A

Sleep and wakefulness

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28
Q

Circadian Rhythm in the morning

A

Light triggers the suprachiasmatic nucleus to decrease melatonin from the pineal gland

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29
Q

Circadian Rhythm in the evening

A

Fading light triggers the suprachiasmatic nucleus to increase melatonin.

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30
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

In the hypothalamus: regulation of physiological circadian rhythms.

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31
Q

Body temperature around 9pm

A

Is the highest and Goes down as we go to sleep

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32
Q

Body temperature at 5 am

A

Is the lowest and goes up as we wake up

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33
Q

About every ___ minutes we pass through a cycle of four distinctive sleep stages

A

90

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34
Q

What waves are released when an individual closes his eyes but remains awake

A

Alpha waves

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35
Q

Alpha waves are

A

Awake but relaxed

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36
Q

What waves are there when we are awake and alert

A

Beta waves

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37
Q

Beta wave is being

A

Busy and awake

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38
Q

What waves does a person exhibit during meditation

A

Alpha waves

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39
Q

NREM 1 is basically

A

Drowsy sleep

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40
Q

Stage 1 of sleep

A

NREM 1: very light sleep

Easy to awaken experience hallucinations, hypnogogic falling sensations,myclonic jerks

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41
Q

NREM 1is characterized only by

A

Theta waves

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42
Q

NREM2 is basically

A

Fully asleep

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43
Q

NREM 2

A

Slightly deeper sleep
Prime napping time
Talking in sleep
Eyes rolling slowly

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44
Q

NREM 2 has theta waves with

A

Sleep spindles (rapid waves)

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45
Q

NREM 3 is basically

A

Deep sleep

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46
Q

NREM 3 AKA

A

Slow wave sleep characterized by delta waves

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47
Q

NREM 3sleep is deepest sleep

A

Difficult to awaken and will be disoriented

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48
Q

NREM 3 waves

A

Delta waves

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49
Q

After NREM 3 we go to

A

NREM 2

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50
Q

Sleep disorders in NREM 3

A

Night terrors and sleep walking

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51
Q

Night terrors

A

Sudden arousal from sleep with intense fear accompanied by physiological reactions (rapid heart rate, perspiration)

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52
Q

Sleepwalking

A

Type of parasomnia: abnormal behaviors during sleep

Harmless and unrecalled the next day

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53
Q

REM sleep aka

A

Paradoxical sleep

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54
Q

Why is REM sleep active sleep?

A

Heart rate increases, breathing more rapid, eyes dart behind lids

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55
Q

What happens to genitals during REM sleep?

A

Genitals become aroused even when dreams are non sexual in nature

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56
Q

As sleep continues, REM sleep gets

A

Longer and longer

That’s why dreams are more during morning than night

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57
Q

REM sleep includes

A

Rapid eye movement
Dreaming
REM atopia/ REM behavior disorder

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58
Q

Mind in REM sleep

A

Very active but body is inactive

Paralyzed paradox

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59
Q

REM atopia

A

Muscle paralysis

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60
Q

REM behavior disorder

A

Not paralyzed but act out dreams

61
Q

Sleep deprivation leads to

A

Cognitive and motor decline

62
Q

Microsleep

A

Brief burst of sleep that we are not aware of

E.g.: drowsy during driving

63
Q

Insomnia

A

A persistent inability to fall or stay asleep

64
Q

Narcolepsy is in which stage

A

REM

65
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Overpowering urge to fall asleep that may occur while talking or standing up

(Video we watched about the small girl)

66
Q

Narcolepsy is lack of what hormone

A

Melatonin

67
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Failure to breathe when asleep

68
Q

Wake up feeling dread but no memory of the experience

Can move

A

Night terrors

69
Q

Remember the plot of the bad dream

Cannot act out dreams (due to REM atopia)

A

Nightmares

70
Q

REM rebound

A

When we didn’t have enough REM sleep and then allowed to sleep, we show more REM sleep

When deprived of sleep you dream more

71
Q

Sleeping after being drunk

A

You can’t dream

72
Q

Freud’s saying of why we dream: wish fulfillment

A

Dreams provide a psychic safety value to discharge unaccepted feelings

73
Q

Dreams have a symbolic meaning that signify our unaccepted feelings

A

Freud- wish fulfillment

74
Q

Wish fulfillment perception

A

Psychoanalytic

75
Q

Manifest content

A

The STORY LINE of dreams

76
Q

Latent content word

A

HIDDEN

77
Q

Latent content

A

The UNDERLYING MEANING OF DREAMS

78
Q

Latent content by Freud

A

Our dreams revealed our unconscious thoughts, worries, desires

79
Q

Information processing/memory consolidation

A

Dreams may help sift, sort, and fix a day’s experience in our memories

80
Q

Physiological function/growth

A

Dreams provide the sleeping brain with periodic stimulation to develop and preserve neural pathways.

SLEEP and DREAMS HELP GROWTH

81
Q

Physiological growth and new born babies

A

Neural networks of new born babies keep developing so they need more sleep

82
Q

Activation synthesis is opposite of

A

Freud’s theory

83
Q

Activation synthesis

A

Random neural activity

Dreams make sense of this activity

84
Q

Activation synthesis perspective

A

Biological

85
Q

Cognitive development

A

Some researchers say that we dream for brain’s maturation and cognitive development, trying things out in the safety of our conscious.

86
Q

Hypnosis

A

State of awareness by deep relaxation, heightened suggestibility and focused attention

87
Q

Hypnotist suggests

A

Changes in sensation, thoughts, behavior

88
Q

Hypnosis theory 1

Hypnosis is

A

Not a special state of consciousness but is rather tied to social roles

89
Q

Hypnosis one says hypnosis is a social phenomenon

A

Argument that participants are doing what’s expected of them

They are just copying the role of how one acts during hypnosis: PERCEPTUAL SET!!

90
Q

Hypnosis one and pain relief from hypnosis

A

It is caused by normal shift/split in selective attention

Like pain not felt during a football game

91
Q

Hypnosis theory 2

Dissociation divided conscious theory blends

A

Blends role and state theories

92
Q

Hypnosis theory 2

Dissociation divided conscious theory Hillary

A

Split= 1 part of a person’s voluntarily responds completely to hypnotist, the other part of person is aware of all reality

93
Q

Hilgard dissociation

A

Split in voluntary and involuntary behaviors to be controlled in part by a hypnotist

94
Q

Hilgard’s hidden observer

A

Hypnotized subject’s awareness of experience (pain) that go unreported during hypnosis.
Part of person is aware of the reality happening

95
Q

Hidden observer

A

Part of person feels the pain during ice water experiments

96
Q

Pain relief studies

A

Pain stimuli is split from emotional suffering from pain

97
Q

Is there some part of the person feeling pain during hidden observer

A

According to it, yes

98
Q

Odor on Divided consciousness theory

A

Hypnosis has caused a split in awareness

99
Q

Odor on Social influence theory

A

The person is so caught up in hypnosis that she ignored the odor

100
Q

Posthypnotic Amnesia

A

Can’t recall what happened during hypnosis because the hypnotist suggested it

101
Q

Posthypnotic amnesia example

A

You will no longer remember anything you experienced today

102
Q

Posthypnotic suggestion

A

Suggestion made during hypnosis which will continue even after hypnosis session is over

103
Q

Posthypnotic suggestion example

A

From now on you will start finding smoking cigarettes to be stupid and lame

104
Q

Psychoactive drug

A

Any chemical substance that ALTERS PERCEPTION AND MOOD

Impairs brain mechanisms that help us make good decisions

105
Q

Depressants

A

“Downers”

Calm neutral activity and slow body functions

106
Q

Depressants include

A

Opiates and barbituants

107
Q

Stimulants

A

“Uppers”

Hype/excite neural activity

108
Q

Hallucinogens

A

DISORT perception and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

109
Q

Dissociative

A

Create split in awareness

110
Q

Dissociative drugs feeling

A

Separation from body

Usually have depressant and hallucinogenic qualities

111
Q

Why do drugs get people “high”?

A

Drugs stimulate the release of certain neurotransmitters

Others are agonists and antagonists

112
Q

Drugs work at

A

Neurological level and brain’s synapse

113
Q

What do addictive drugs do?

A

Stimulate the reward centers making you feel a sense of euphoria(excitement and happiness)

114
Q

Alcohol suppresses parts of the brain that

A

Controls judgement, inhibitions, and can seriously alter physical functioning in high doses

115
Q

Alcohol affects

A

Balance, memory, consciousness, leads to death

116
Q

When you’re drunk you can be

A

Sober

117
Q

Alcohol will increase

A

Any tendency, harmful or helpful

118
Q

Barbiturates

A

Depress CNS and reduce anxiety but impair memory and judgment

119
Q

Very dangerous when mixed with alcohol

A

Barbiturates

120
Q

Examples of barbiturates

A

Tranquilizers like Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal.

Some anticonvulsant and sleep aids

121
Q

Opiates is from

A

Derived from the poppy plants and opium

122
Q

Opiates

A

ACT AS PAINKILLERS and slow down neural activity

123
Q

Examples of opiates

A

Morphine, heroine, opium

124
Q

Opiates mimics_____ causing__________ because

A

Endorphins; causing massive cravings, withdrawal, and addiction because body stops producing its natural opiates

125
Q

Stimulants example

A

Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA

126
Q

Amphetamines

A

Speed

127
Q

MDMA aka and qualities

A

Ecstasy

Also has hallucinogenic qualities

128
Q

Stimulant impact on body

A

Speed heart rate, breathing, often used to be awake, use weight or boost mood.

129
Q

Cocaine vs crack

A

Crack produces quicker than cocaine and is more intense but lasts for a shorter period of time

130
Q

What does cocaine do and cause

A

Uses up brain supply of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, often causing depression
Also increases paranoia and increases risk of heart problems
May increase aggressive behavior and extreme addiction

131
Q

Methamphetamine words

A

Crystal meth, ice, speed

132
Q

Methamphetamine causes

A

Large increase in alertness and may increase in energy and produce a euphoria (excitement)

133
Q

Methamphetamine leads to

A

Extreme addiction, insomnia, nervousness or even seizures

134
Q

Hallucinogens aka

A

Psychedelics!!

135
Q

Drugs create______, altered perceptions, and blur lines between self and ________ __________

A

Hallucinogens

External world

136
Q

Most well known hallucinogen: LSD fullform

A

Lysergic acid diethylamine

Probably most powerful hallucinogen

137
Q

Most hallucinogens affect

A

SEROTONIN receptors

138
Q

Examples of psychedelics

A

Marijuana, peyote, mescaline, MDMA and psilocybin mushrooms

139
Q

🍄psilocybin mushrooms🍄

A

Magic mushrooms!! 🍄

140
Q

Most frequently used hallucinogen

A

WEEEEEEEEEEEEDDDDDDDDDDDDD

141
Q

Marijuana consists of

A

Flowers and leaves from the hemp plant and when smoke nor ingested acts as a mild hallucinogen

142
Q

What did weed do to you?

A

Relaxed, disinhibited and impaired my motor functions

At the same time amplified sensitivity to color, sound, taste and smells

143
Q

Main active ingredient of cannabis

A

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

144
Q

Advocates say marijuana serves as

A

Relief of suffering from pain, nausea and having trouble eating

145
Q

Most annoying people recognize weed as

A

Toxic because of the smoke

146
Q

Marijuana disadvantages

A

Disrupts memory formation and may cause sexual dysfunctions

147
Q

Biological influence of drugs with twins

A

Identical twin is alcoholic—->other twin has an increased risk

148
Q

Biological influence on drug use with genes

A

Molecular genetics have found gene that is more common in people with alcoholism

AP Psychology (33 decks)

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