Unit 4: State Of Consciousness Flashcards
Consciousness
Our awareness of ourselves and our environment
Consciousness level
The mental events that you are aware of at a certain moment
Non conscious level
Mental activity that is inaccessible conscious awareness
Non conscious level example
Blood pressure, heartbeat, breathing, hormones
Preconscious level
Mental activity that is not currently conscious but we can easily become conscious of it
Preconscious level example
Best friend’s name
Basically memory
Unconscious level
Mental activity that influences consciousness but is not conscious
What concept is unconscious level
Freudian concept
Subconscious level
Cognitive process where information falls below absolute threshold
Dualism is basically
Saying mind and body are 2 district entities that interact
Dualism
The mind is non physical and can exist apart from the physical body
Dualism supported by
Philosophers including Renee Descartes and Socrates
Monism another word
Materialism
Monism
Mind and body are different aspects of the same thing
Brain is physical entity and the mind is what the brain does
Monism
Monism is basically that
Mind and body cannot be separated, without bodies we are nobodies
Monism supported by philosophers like
Thomas Hobbes
Near death experiences
Altered state of consciousness- reported after a close brush with death
When I think about near death experiences
Moving towards white light
Series of memories flashing
How dualism and monism explains near death experiences
Dualism: mind is going to a higher place
Monism: experience of brain shutting down
Fantasy prone personality
Someone who imagines and re all’s experiences with lifelike situations and spends time fantasizing.
Women do this more
How daydreaming is helpful
Helps prepare us for future events
Serves as a substitute for impulsive behavior (day dream because if not happen in real life)
Biological Rhythms: annual cycles
Yearly
Infradian Rhythms example and time
Menstruation cycle: longer than24 hours
Ultradian rhythms
More than once a day, like sleep stage, apatite, body temperature, and fluctuation
Circadian rhythm influenced by
Sunlight and darkness
Circadian rhythms includes
Sleep and wakefulness
Circadian Rhythm in the morning
Light triggers the suprachiasmatic nucleus to decrease melatonin from the pineal gland
Circadian Rhythm in the evening
Fading light triggers the suprachiasmatic nucleus to increase melatonin.
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
In the hypothalamus: regulation of physiological circadian rhythms.
Body temperature around 9pm
Is the highest and Goes down as we go to sleep
Body temperature at 5 am
Is the lowest and goes up as we wake up
About every ___ minutes we pass through a cycle of four distinctive sleep stages
90
What waves are released when an individual closes his eyes but remains awake
Alpha waves
Alpha waves are
Awake but relaxed
What waves are there when we are awake and alert
Beta waves
Beta wave is being
Busy and awake
What waves does a person exhibit during meditation
Alpha waves
NREM 1 is basically
Drowsy sleep
Stage 1 of sleep
NREM 1: very light sleep
Easy to awaken experience hallucinations, hypnogogic falling sensations,myclonic jerks
NREM 1is characterized only by
Theta waves
NREM2 is basically
Fully asleep
NREM 2
Slightly deeper sleep
Prime napping time
Talking in sleep
Eyes rolling slowly
NREM 2 has theta waves with
Sleep spindles (rapid waves)
NREM 3 is basically
Deep sleep
NREM 3 AKA
Slow wave sleep characterized by delta waves
NREM 3sleep is deepest sleep
Difficult to awaken and will be disoriented
NREM 3 waves
Delta waves
After NREM 3 we go to
NREM 2
Sleep disorders in NREM 3
Night terrors and sleep walking
Night terrors
Sudden arousal from sleep with intense fear accompanied by physiological reactions (rapid heart rate, perspiration)
Sleepwalking
Type of parasomnia: abnormal behaviors during sleep
Harmless and unrecalled the next day
REM sleep aka
Paradoxical sleep
Why is REM sleep active sleep?
Heart rate increases, breathing more rapid, eyes dart behind lids
What happens to genitals during REM sleep?
Genitals become aroused even when dreams are non sexual in nature
As sleep continues, REM sleep gets
Longer and longer
That’s why dreams are more during morning than night
REM sleep includes
Rapid eye movement
Dreaming
REM atopia/ REM behavior disorder
Mind in REM sleep
Very active but body is inactive
Paralyzed paradox
REM atopia
Muscle paralysis
REM behavior disorder
Not paralyzed but act out dreams
Sleep deprivation leads to
Cognitive and motor decline
Microsleep
Brief burst of sleep that we are not aware of
E.g.: drowsy during driving
Insomnia
A persistent inability to fall or stay asleep
Narcolepsy is in which stage
REM
Narcolepsy
Overpowering urge to fall asleep that may occur while talking or standing up
(Video we watched about the small girl)
Narcolepsy is lack of what hormone
Melatonin
Sleep apnea
Failure to breathe when asleep
Wake up feeling dread but no memory of the experience
Can move
Night terrors
Remember the plot of the bad dream
Cannot act out dreams (due to REM atopia)
Nightmares
REM rebound
When we didn’t have enough REM sleep and then allowed to sleep, we show more REM sleep
When deprived of sleep you dream more
Sleeping after being drunk
You can’t dream
Freud’s saying of why we dream: wish fulfillment
Dreams provide a psychic safety value to discharge unaccepted feelings
Dreams have a symbolic meaning that signify our unaccepted feelings
Freud- wish fulfillment
Wish fulfillment perception
Psychoanalytic
Manifest content
The STORY LINE of dreams
Latent content word
HIDDEN
Latent content
The UNDERLYING MEANING OF DREAMS
Latent content by Freud
Our dreams revealed our unconscious thoughts, worries, desires
Information processing/memory consolidation
Dreams may help sift, sort, and fix a day’s experience in our memories
Physiological function/growth
Dreams provide the sleeping brain with periodic stimulation to develop and preserve neural pathways.
SLEEP and DREAMS HELP GROWTH
Physiological growth and new born babies
Neural networks of new born babies keep developing so they need more sleep
Activation synthesis is opposite of
Freud’s theory
Activation synthesis
Random neural activity
Dreams make sense of this activity
Activation synthesis perspective
Biological
Cognitive development
Some researchers say that we dream for brain’s maturation and cognitive development, trying things out in the safety of our conscious.
Hypnosis
State of awareness by deep relaxation, heightened suggestibility and focused attention
Hypnotist suggests
Changes in sensation, thoughts, behavior
Hypnosis theory 1
Hypnosis is
Not a special state of consciousness but is rather tied to social roles
Hypnosis one says hypnosis is a social phenomenon
Argument that participants are doing what’s expected of them
They are just copying the role of how one acts during hypnosis: PERCEPTUAL SET!!
Hypnosis one and pain relief from hypnosis
It is caused by normal shift/split in selective attention
Like pain not felt during a football game
Hypnosis theory 2
Dissociation divided conscious theory blends
Blends role and state theories
Hypnosis theory 2
Dissociation divided conscious theory Hillary
Split= 1 part of a person’s voluntarily responds completely to hypnotist, the other part of person is aware of all reality
Hilgard dissociation
Split in voluntary and involuntary behaviors to be controlled in part by a hypnotist
Hilgard’s hidden observer
Hypnotized subject’s awareness of experience (pain) that go unreported during hypnosis.
Part of person is aware of the reality happening
Hidden observer
Part of person feels the pain during ice water experiments
Pain relief studies
Pain stimuli is split from emotional suffering from pain
Is there some part of the person feeling pain during hidden observer
According to it, yes
Odor on Divided consciousness theory
Hypnosis has caused a split in awareness
Odor on Social influence theory
The person is so caught up in hypnosis that she ignored the odor
Posthypnotic Amnesia
Can’t recall what happened during hypnosis because the hypnotist suggested it
Posthypnotic amnesia example
You will no longer remember anything you experienced today
Posthypnotic suggestion
Suggestion made during hypnosis which will continue even after hypnosis session is over
Posthypnotic suggestion example
From now on you will start finding smoking cigarettes to be stupid and lame
Psychoactive drug
Any chemical substance that ALTERS PERCEPTION AND MOOD
Impairs brain mechanisms that help us make good decisions
Depressants
“Downers”
Calm neutral activity and slow body functions
Depressants include
Opiates and barbituants
Stimulants
“Uppers”
Hype/excite neural activity
Hallucinogens
DISORT perception and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
Dissociative
Create split in awareness
Dissociative drugs feeling
Separation from body
Usually have depressant and hallucinogenic qualities
Why do drugs get people “high”?
Drugs stimulate the release of certain neurotransmitters
Others are agonists and antagonists
Drugs work at
Neurological level and brain’s synapse
What do addictive drugs do?
Stimulate the reward centers making you feel a sense of euphoria(excitement and happiness)
Alcohol suppresses parts of the brain that
Controls judgement, inhibitions, and can seriously alter physical functioning in high doses
Alcohol affects
Balance, memory, consciousness, leads to death
When you’re drunk you can be
Sober
Alcohol will increase
Any tendency, harmful or helpful
Barbiturates
Depress CNS and reduce anxiety but impair memory and judgment
Very dangerous when mixed with alcohol
Barbiturates
Examples of barbiturates
Tranquilizers like Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal.
Some anticonvulsant and sleep aids
Opiates is from
Derived from the poppy plants and opium
Opiates
ACT AS PAINKILLERS and slow down neural activity
Examples of opiates
Morphine, heroine, opium
Opiates mimics_____ causing__________ because
Endorphins; causing massive cravings, withdrawal, and addiction because body stops producing its natural opiates
Stimulants example
Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA
Amphetamines
Speed
MDMA aka and qualities
Ecstasy
Also has hallucinogenic qualities
Stimulant impact on body
Speed heart rate, breathing, often used to be awake, use weight or boost mood.
Cocaine vs crack
Crack produces quicker than cocaine and is more intense but lasts for a shorter period of time
What does cocaine do and cause
Uses up brain supply of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, often causing depression
Also increases paranoia and increases risk of heart problems
May increase aggressive behavior and extreme addiction
Methamphetamine words
Crystal meth, ice, speed
Methamphetamine causes
Large increase in alertness and may increase in energy and produce a euphoria (excitement)
Methamphetamine leads to
Extreme addiction, insomnia, nervousness or even seizures
Hallucinogens aka
Psychedelics!!
Drugs create______, altered perceptions, and blur lines between self and ________ __________
Hallucinogens
External world
Most well known hallucinogen: LSD fullform
Lysergic acid diethylamine
Probably most powerful hallucinogen
Most hallucinogens affect
SEROTONIN receptors
Examples of psychedelics
Marijuana, peyote, mescaline, MDMA and psilocybin mushrooms
🍄psilocybin mushrooms🍄
Magic mushrooms!! 🍄
Most frequently used hallucinogen
WEEEEEEEEEEEEDDDDDDDDDDDDD
Marijuana consists of
Flowers and leaves from the hemp plant and when smoke nor ingested acts as a mild hallucinogen
What did weed do to you?
Relaxed, disinhibited and impaired my motor functions
At the same time amplified sensitivity to color, sound, taste and smells
Main active ingredient of cannabis
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Advocates say marijuana serves as
Relief of suffering from pain, nausea and having trouble eating
Most annoying people recognize weed as
Toxic because of the smoke
Marijuana disadvantages
Disrupts memory formation and may cause sexual dysfunctions
Biological influence of drugs with twins
Identical twin is alcoholic—->other twin has an increased risk
Biological influence on drug use with genes
Molecular genetics have found gene that is more common in people with alcoholism
