Personality Pt. 2: Trait Humanistic, And Soial Cognitive Perspectives

Question 1

Father of trait perspective personality

Answer 1

Gardon Allport

Question 2

Trait perspective looks to describe

Answer 2

Personality in terms of fundamental traits: pattern of behavior or disposition to feel or act as assessed by self-reported inventories or peer reports

Question 3

What does trait do?

Answer 3

Describes your personality

Question 4

Method used for measuring personality for trait perspective

Answer 4

Personality inventory

Question 5

Personality inventory

Answer 5

A questionnaire that is usually true/false in which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits

Question 6

Weakness of personality inventory

Answer 6

People lie- social desirability bias

Question 7

Example of personality inventory (trait perspective)

Answer 7

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory

Question 8

Most widely used personality test

Answer 8

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory

Question 9

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory purpose

Answer 9

Identify EMOTIONAL DISORDERS but is also now used for screening purposes of employment

Question 10

Test is an example of being empirically derived test:

Answer 10

Having pool of test questions that discriminate between groups

Question 11

empirically derived test examples

Answer 11

Certain questions depressed vs normal people were likely to answer differently

Question 12

Ensenck’s 2 dimensions of personality (trait perspective)

Answer 12

Though factor analysis, Hans Ensencks identified dimensions of personality as: introverted and extroverted

Question 13

2 dimensions of personality (trait perspective): introverted and extroverted

Answer 13

Introverted: keep to yourself. Not necessary shy

Extroverted: outgoing and stable/unstable
Unstable: moody

Question 14

The big five personality traits are measured in a inventory called the

Answer 14

NEO PI-R (Trait perspective)

Question 15

NEO PI-R

Answer 15

If I see a whole bunch of letters and numbers, guess trait

Question 16

Big 5 personality traits:

Answer 16

Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

Question 17

Big 5 personality traits: way to remember

Answer 17

OCEAN

Question 18

Big 5 personality traits: Openness (to experience)

Answer 18

Measures factors of intellectual curiosity within people

Question 19

Big 5 personality traits: conscientiousness

Answer 19

Measures self discipline, carefulness, need for achievement, and degree by which people think before acting

Question 20

Big 5 personality traits: extraversion

Answer 20

Measures social interaction and how assertive people are

Question 21

Big 5 personality traits: agreeableness

Answer 21

Measures how empathetic, considerate, friendly, and helpful people ar e

Question 22

Big 5 personality traits: neuroticism

Answer 22

Measures people’s tendencies to experience negative emotional states like stress and anxiety

Question 23

Raymond Cattell further expands trait perspective with his

Answer 23

16-PF test

Question 24

16-PF

Answer 24

Personality test which measures 16 primary factors that describe people’s traits

Question 25

16 primary factors include

Answer 25

Tension, warmth, reasoning, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule consciousness, social boldness, sensitivity, vigilance, abstractness, privateness, apprehension, open to change, self reliance, perfectionism

Question 26

Who further expanded Trait perspective?

Answer 26

Raymond Cattell

Question 27

Major weakness of the trait perspective

Answer 27

Behaviors associated with our traits change depending on the situation. Are traits stable and enduring throughout our entire life?

Question 28

Two founders of the humanistic perspective

Answer 28

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

Question 29

Philosopher of the humanistic perspective

Answer 29

Maslow

Question 30

Therapist of the humanistic perspective

Answer 30

Carl Rogers

Question 31

Power of free will and how people view themselves as a whole in pursuit of growth

Answer 31

Humanistic perspective

Question 32

Humanistic perspective focuses on

Answer 32

The growth potential of healthy people

Question 33

Maslow differed from Freud since he believed

Answer 33

We are all born good and we naturally move towards self-actualization unless society gets in the way

Question 34

Self actualization

Answer 34

Ultimate goal in hierarchy of needs; meet one’s potential

Question 35

Carl Rogers’ Person centered approached believed

Answer 35

All humans had potential for growth with the right environment

Question 36

Carl Rogers’: All humans had potential for growth; just need climate that has

Answer 36

Genuineness. Acceptance, empathy

Question 37

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 37

Attitude of total acceptance towards another person

Question 38

“I’ll love you as long as your bring me food”

Answer 38

Conditional positive regard

Question 39

Carl Rogers believed the key to self-actualization- term called

Answer 39

Fully functioning

Question 40

Carl Rogers believed the key to self actualization, a term called fully functioning, was to

Answer 40

Learn to accept ourselves and unite our ideas of the REAL SELF and IDEAL SELF

Question 41

When we lack unconditional positive regard it leads to

Answer 41

Incongruence

Question 42

Incongruence

Answer 42

Perceived difference between real and ideal self

Question 43

Self concept

Answer 43

All thoughts and feelings about ourselves: who am I?

Question 44

Related terms to understanding self concept

Answer 44

Self esteem and self-serving bias

Question 45

Self esteem

Answer 45

Feelings of self-worth

Question 46

Self-serving bias

Answer 46

A readiness to perceive oneself favorably

Question 47

Humanistic version of defense mechanism | Perceive ourselves favorably

Answer 47

Self serving bias

Question 48

Individualism

Answer 48

Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

Question 49

Collectivism

Answer 49

Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly

Question 50

Eastern vs Western with collectivism and individualism

Answer 50

East is collective, West is individualistic

Question 51

Criticism of humanist perspective

Answer 51

Maslow’s concepts are vague and might just be his own values Too much focus on individual Ignores human capacity for evil

Question 52

Father of social cognitive perspective

Answer 52

Albert Bandura

Question 53

Social cognitive perspective

Answer 53

Emphasizes the importance of external events (society) and how we interpret them (cognition)

Question 54

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 54

Idea that environment influences personality AND personality influences the environment

Question 55

Reciprocal determinism: same environment can have completely different effects on different people because

Answer 55

Of how they interpret and react to external events

Question 56

Self efficiency

Answer 56

Belief that we can perform behaviors that are necessary to accomplish tasks and that we are competent.

Question 57

When we have high self efficacy we think

Answer 57

We can master situations and produce positive results and are more likely to take disks and try new things

Question 58

Self efficacy is basically

Answer 58

A thought I have about myself... changes depending on what I’m doing

Question 59

Self efficacy example

Answer 59

Can be high in one area but low in another | Ex: wisdom vs maths

Question 60

Theory of personal control and locus of control by

Answer 60

Julius Rotter

Question 61

Internal locus of control

Answer 61

Idea that one controls their own destiny

Question 62

Internal locus of control example

Answer 62

Hard work gets rewarded

Question 63

External locus of control

Answer 63

Idea that one’s fate is outside of their personal control and determined by luck

Question 64

External locus of control example

Answer 64

People get promotions because they know right people

Question 65

Which locus of control is more likely to lead to anxiety?

Answer 65

External locus of control

Question 66

Both the locus’ of control are thoughts

Answer 66

I have about myself, not reality

Question 67

External locus of control can lead to

Answer 67

Learned helplessness

Question 68

Learned helplessness

Answer 68

Hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Question 69

Learned helplessness example

Answer 69

Dog being uncontrollably shocked for period; will not later escape when time arrives

Question 70

Dog being uncontrollably shocked for period; will not later escape when time arrives is what type of control

Answer 70

Internal locus of control

Question 71

Most widely accepted approach by current psychologists since it takes aspects from learning and cognition

Answer 71

Social cognitive perspective

Question 72

Social cognitive perspective is criticized by some b/c

Answer 72

It fails to consider possible unconscious motives and focuses too much on environment. Not enough on inner traits