Unit 3 Pt 3: Sensation And Persception Flashcards
Black masking controversy 1980
Secretly inserting messages when played backwards
Stairway to heaven activity illustrates the influence of
Expectancy or set
Perceptual set is in the
Top down process
Perceptual set
Mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another based on expectations and prior experiences
Perceptual set based on
expectations and prior experiences
Mental set
Tendency of our problem solving abilities to be influenced by our expectations and prior experiences
Mental set
Simple words
We look to solve problems with ways that worked in the past
Selective attention
Focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
What does selective attention do?
Filters out information that you’re not paying attention to
Attentional blindness
You don’t see something because you’re not paying attention to it
Selective attention illustrates attention like
Cocktail party effect
Only listen to what you want to listen in the party
Visual capture
Tendency for vision to dominate the other senses
Visual capture example
Old school film project
Mcgurk affect- lip sync assumption
Visual capture shows
Sensory interaction
Gestalt
An organized whole
What do gestalt psychologists do?
Emphasize humans’ tendencies to integrate pieces of information into MEANINGFUL WORDS
Gestalt simple explanation
Things are not seen as sum of parts but immediately as whole
Gestalt principle
Mind always wants to make stimuli meaningful
Gestalt principle example
Reading of jumbled letters
Grouping
Perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups
Gestalt grouping principle
Proximity, similarity, continuity, closure,connectedness
Proximity
Tendency to group nearby figures together
Similarity
Tendency to group figures that are similar
Continuity
Tendency to perceive continuous patterns
Closure
Tendency to fill in the gaps in visual information
Connectedness
Spots, lines, and areas are seen as unit when connected
Figure groud relationships
Tendency to organize information into objects (figure) that stand from their background (ground)
Figure:
Ground:
Figure: subject/object
Ground: surroundings
Illusionary contours
We constantly see information so it makes sense to us
Depth perception
Ability to see objects in three dimensions
Depth perception allows us to
Gauge distance
Types of depth perception: binocular cues
Depth perception that rely on the use of two eyes
Example of binocular cues
Retinal disparity and
Convergence
Retinal disparity
Image of an object from the two eyes differ.
The closer the object, the larger the difference (disparity)
Convergence
The eyes converge inward when looking at an object that brain keeps track of to measure distance
Monocular cues
Distance cues that are available. Often in art
Examples of monocular cues: relative size
Smaller image is more distant
Examples of monocular cues: Interposition
Closer objects blocks distant object
Examples of monocular cues: relative clarity
Hazy objects seen as more distant
Examples of monocular cues: texture
Coarse=close
Fine=distant
Examples of monocular cues: relative height
Higher objects seen as more distant
Examples of monocular cues: relative motion
Closer objects seem to move faster
Examples of monocular cues: linear perspective
Parallel lines converge with distance
Ex: train tracks
Examples of monocular cues: light and shadow
Nearby objects reflect more to our eyes
Perceptual constancy
Perceiving objects as unchanging, despite changes in retinal image
Perceptual constancy example
Door remains constant despite changes when it is opened
Perceptual constancy factors
Color, shape, size
Using monocular cues for distance can often cause
Us to perceive incorrect information
Muller-Lyer illusion is
Culturally specific to western architecture
Turnbull, an anthropologist argued
There were cultural influences on depth perception
Sensory deprivation and perception kittens example
kittens raised without exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal bars
Sensory deprivation and perception is that
Without experience you cannot perceive
Perceptual adaptation
(Vision) ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field
Perceptual adaptation example
Prism glasses, what I used after school
Extrasensory perception
Perception can occur apart from sensory input
Extrasensory perception example
Telepathy- mind communication
Clairvoyance- see in distance without image(Superman)
Precognition- tell future or read thoughts
Parapsychology
Study of paranormal phenomenon, including ESP and psychokinesis
Major problem in believing extrasensory perception
Never been produced in a scientific laboratory
