Chapter 0: History Of Psychology And Perspectives

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

Study of

1) mental process
2) behavior

Question 2

Subjects that influence development of psychology

Answer 2

1) philosophy

2) biology

Question 3

Plato believed that

Answer 3

Knowledge was innate and recognized individual differences in humans.
Advocated rationalism

Question 4

John Locke

Answer 4

Advocated philosophy of empiricism
(Theory that all knowledge is derived from sense experience)

He believed that humans were born as a black slate

Question 5

Wilelm Wundt

Answer 5

Considered to be the father of scientific psychology

Opened the first psychology research laboratory

Used research method known as introspection to study nature of consciousness

Question 6

Introspection

Answer 6

The examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional process

Question 7

Structuralism

Answer 7

Edward Tichtner emphasized this in 1900

It promoted studying and describing the elemental parts of consciousness

Question 8

William James

Answer 8

• Critic of Structuralism
• influenced by Charles Darwin’s ideas of natural selection
• published a book on functionalism

Question 9

Functionalism

Answer 9

Wanting to understand the role (purpose/function) consciousness played in helping organism adapt to environment

Question 10

Who arises to study personality

Answer 10

Sigmund Freud

• understanding personality by looking at “unconscious” thoughts that influenced a person’s behavior.
• found the approach called psychoanalysis

Question 11

Behaviorists movement

Answer 11

Founded by John Watson

It focuses on the causes of behavior by investigating relationship between stimuli with responses

Question 12

The 5 major perspectives in modern psychology:

Behaviorist approach focuses on

Answer 12

The importance of the external environment in shaping behavior
The study of learning
Experimental testing that is observable.

Question 13

Neuroscience/biological approach

Answer 13

Belief- behavior is governed by physiological responses ie changes in brain chemistry, brain structure, nervous system etc

Question 14

Cognitive approach

Answer 14

Mental process (encode, store, receive information)

Belief- behavior is half governed by the ways we think and interpret the world.

Question 15

Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic approach

Answer 15

Ideas put forth by Sigmund Freud+others

Concept they your early childhood plays a huge role in shaping your personality

Belief- childhood traumas and experiences create unconscious drives and conflicts that impact individual personalities

Question 16

Humanistic approach

Answer 16

An individual’s free will and potential for growth

Belief that behavior is determined by each person’s capacity to choose how to think and act which is dedicated by their perceptions of the world.

Question 17

Types of psychology research

Answer 17

Basic vs applied research

Question 18

Clinical psychology vs psychiatry

Answer 18

Provide Councelling to troubled people or conduct research at uni.
Psychiatrists (biological) also treat people with a prescribe medication