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AP Psychology > Psychological Disorders And Abnormal Psychology Pt 1 > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders And Abnormal Psychology Pt 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

A psychological disorder

A

A “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, unjustifiable

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2
Q

4 criterion of psychological disorders

A

Atypical
Disturbing
Maladaptive
Unjustifiable

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3
Q

Maladaptive

A

Not to be able to adapt to challenges; doesn’t allow you to cope with challenges

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4
Q

Unjustifiable

A

Can’t be an outside reason why its happening

Drugs would explain hallucinogens

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5
Q

Psychotic disorders

A

Are a class of disorders where a person loses touch with realized and can no longer function normally in society

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6
Q

Hallucinations and delusions usually present in _________ disorders

A

Psychotic

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7
Q

Neurotic disorders

A

A class of disorders which causes suffering (anxiety, depression, etc.) BUT STILL ALLOWS A PERSON TO FUNCTION RATIONALLY FOR MOST PART

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8
Q

What’s a more and less serious type of disorder

A

More serious- psychotic disorder

Less serious- neurotic

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9
Q

In ancient times, disorders were thought to have been caused by

A

Movements of the sun and moon (lunacy is full moon) or by evil spirits

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10
Q

Ancient times psychological treatments

A

Treatments for people with mental illnesses were very in humane even up until the mid 1900’s. Patients were often chained like animals, beaten, burned, castrated, etc.

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11
Q

Eventually the _______ ________ came to dominate understandings of mental illnesses

A

Medical model

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12
Q

The medical model assumes that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed based on

A

Their symptoms and be treated and in most cases cured

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13
Q

Who exposed the real conditions of mental illness in the history?

A

Dorothea Dix

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14
Q

The assumption of medical model drastically improved

A

Conditions in mental hospitals

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15
Q

Deinstitutionalization started in the 1950 and 1960, more and more DRUGS began being used to

A

“Cure” psychological disorders

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16
Q

Because of the drugs cure, there was a policy of deinstitutionalization instituted where patients were

A

Removed from mental institutions to live in family based community based on environments

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17
Q

What would psychoanalytic psychologist argue the cause of psychological disorders?

A

Childhood abuse

Trauma is repressed

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18
Q

What would humanistic psychologist argue the cause of psychological disorders?

A

Unable to reach your fullest potential
Lack lower needs of the pyramid
Lack of unconditional positive regard

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19
Q

What would cognitive psychologist argue the cause of psychological disorders?

A

Erratic
Atypical
Illogical

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20
Q

What would behavioral psychologist argue the cause of psychological disorders?

A

Disorders are learned through
Modeling
Operant and classical conditioning

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21
Q

What would biological psychologist argue the cause of psychological disorders?

A

Brain chemistry
Brain structure
Genetics

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22
Q

What would sociology-cultural psychologist argue the cause of psychological disorders?

A

Society’s conditions on what is a disorder

Pressure in school

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23
Q

Certain disorders can be triggered by the environment if you are

A

Biologically predisposed to that disorder

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24
Q

Stress diathermy model

A

Argues that a biological or genetic predisposition (diathesis) interacts with the environment and life events (stressors) to trigger behaviors or psychological disorders

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25
Q

Stress-diathesis model: the greater the underlying vulnerability, the less

A

Stress in needed to trigger the behavior or disorder

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26
Q

Stress diathesis model

A

If a person is highly genetically predisposed to depression a minor stressor in the environment might rigger the disorder (Mr. Dwyer’s family has depression so he also can get it)

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27
Q

Most mental health professionals assume that disorders have

A

Interlocking causes- bio-psycho- social perspective

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28
Q

Bio-psycho-Social perspective

A

Assume biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors interact to produce disorders

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29
Q

DSM- V

A

The most widely used manual for classifying psychosocial disorders

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30
Q

Widely considered the “bible” for mental health professionals to make diagnosis

A

DSM- V

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31
Q

Controversy of DSM-V

A

5th one has more disorders- are they created?

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32
Q

Pro of DSM V

A

Allows treatment to take place
Common cations
Predictions
Label makes it efficient

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33
Q

Cons of DSM-V and labeling

A

May create self fulfilling prophecy
May bring a social stigma
Pitied
LABLES ARE OFTEN STICKY

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34
Q

Labels are often “sticky”

A

Assuming everything is because of it

Everything becomes about the label

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35
Q

David Rosenhan tests

A

Power of labeling and its reliability

36
Q

Rosenhan had colleagues attempt to fake symptoms to get into mental hospitals. Each pseudopatient told the hospitals they had been hearing voices apart from that they told no lies other than fake names, addresses, etc

A

How Rosenhan showed the power of labeling

37
Q

After being admitted, the fake patients acted completely normal. Hospital staff failed to identify the fakers and interpreted all of their normal behavior as their mental illness

A

Effect of labeling

38
Q

Example of the power of labeling

A

Guy taking notes was said to have “writing behavior” which seemed pathological

39
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

A category of disorders that involve excessive, persistent, and distressing levels of fear, nervousness, and apprehension which may manifest themselves into physical symptoms

40
Q

Types of anxiety disorders (4)

A

Generalized anxiety
Phobias
Panic disorders
Separation anxiety

41
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

A disorder characterized by excessive worry AND presence of physical symptoms of anxiety

42
Q

Examples of physical symptoms in generalized anxiety

A

Heart racing
Fast breath
Sweat

43
Q

Panic disorder

A

Disorder marked by repeated and unexpected PANIC ATTACKS

44
Q

Panic attacks

A

Moments of intense dread in which a person experiences tenor and accompanying chest pain or other frightening sensations

45
Q

Anticipation of next panic attack increases

A

Suffering

46
Q

Anticipation of next panic attack increases suffering and may lead to

A

Arogaphobia- fear of public spaces

47
Q

Phobia

A

Anxiety disorder marked by persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of specific object or situation

48
Q

3 types of phobias

A

Specific
Social
Agoraphobia

49
Q

Specific phobia

A

Thousands of examples: storms, blood

50
Q

Social phobia

A

Socially interacting with others

51
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of public spaces

52
Q

Claustrophobic

A

Small spaces

53
Q

Acrophobia

A

Fear of heights

54
Q

Xenophobia

A

Fear of foreigners/ strangers

55
Q

OBSESSIVE compulsive

A

Unwanted repeated thoughts

56
Q

COMPULSIVE

A

Repeated behaviors to get rid of thoughts

57
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A

Group of disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsive) which cause suffering

58
Q

Types of obsessive compulsive disorders (5)

A 
OCD 
Hoarding- keeping things you don’t need 
Body dysmorphic 
Trichotillomania (hair pulling) 
Excoriation disorder (skin pulling)
59
Q

Thoughts during OCD

A

Obsessions (repetitive thoughts)
Concern with germs, dirt
Something terrible happening
Symmetry, order, or exactness

60
Q

Behaviors during OCD

A 
Excessive hand washing, bathing, brushing 
Repeating rituals (in/out of a door) 
Checking doors, locks, homework
61
Q

Tic disorders

A

Group of disorders characterized by sudden, unwanted motor or phonic (sounds) movements

62
Q

Example of tic disorder

A

Tourette’s syndrome

63
Q

Tourette’s syndrome

A

Involves involuntary twitching (motor tics) and making of unusual sounds (vocal tics)

64
Q

What neurotransmitters are involves in Tourette’s syndrome?

A

Norepinephrine and dopamine

65
Q

Trauma and stress related disorders

A

Group of disorders in which person has been exposed to an extremely traumatic or stressful life event which caused emotion disturbances

66
Q

Trauma and stress related disorders are no longer considered an anxiety disorder since

A

Many experience emotions other than fear

67
Q

Post traumatic stress disorder

A

Disorder brought on by exposure to death, sexual violence, threat of death, or similar traumatic experiences

68
Q

Symptoms of PTSD

A

Nightmares, social withdrawal, anxiety/irritability, or dissociative “flashbacks”

69
Q

Other examples of trauma related disorders

A

Attachment disorder- dramatic experience in childhood

Adjustment disorder- milder form of PTSD

70
Q

Hans Selye

A

Discovered the responsive cycle for how we react to stress which he named the GAS

71
Q

General adaption syndrome

A

Responsive cycle for how we react to stress

72
Q

GAS Phase 1: alarm

A

Activation of sympathetic nervous system

73
Q

Phase 1: alarm example

A

3 tests next week

74
Q

GAS phase 2: resistance

A

Arousal remains high as you attempt to come with the stressor. “Fight or flight”

75
Q

GAS phase 2: resistance example

A

Study

76
Q

GAS phase 3: exhaustion

A

Body becomes run down with constant stress which can leave you more vulnerable to illness or even death

77
Q

phase 3: exhaustion example

A

Headache/neck hurts

78
Q

Classical conditioning example with causes of anxiety disorders

A

Rape victim may develop fear of being alone in apartment

79
Q

Stimulus generalization example with causes of anxiety disorders

A

Fear of heights leads to fear of flying even without flying

80
Q

Reinforcement (ENCOURAGES behavior) example with causes of anxiety disorders

A

Avoiding places you have phobia about rewards you by lessening your anxiety

81
Q

Observational Learning/modeling example with causes of anxiety disorders

A

Monkeys with snakes

82
Q

Causes of anxiety from biological perspective: evolution

A

Certain fears help us survive

83
Q

Causes of anxiety from biological perspective: genes

A

Correlations with identical twins and phobias

84
Q

Causes of anxiety from biological perspective: physiology

A

Brain chemistry. Often see increased brain activities in brain areas involving impulse control

85
Q

Biological causes of anxiety example

A

Picture overactive frontal love activity involving in directing attention

86
Q

Classical conditioning of sexual assault anxiety

A

UCR- avoidance of sexual assault
CS- apartment
UCS- sexual assault
CR- avoidance of apartment

AP Psychology (33 decks)

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