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Psychological Disorders And Abnormal Psychology Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A psychological disorder

A

A “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, unjustifiable

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2
Q

4 criterion of psychological disorders

A

Atypical
Disturbing
Maladaptive
Unjustifiable

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3
Q

Maladaptive

A

Not to be able to adapt to challenges; doesn’t allow you to cope with challenges

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4
Q

Unjustifiable

A

Can’t be an outside reason why its happening

Drugs would explain hallucinogens

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5
Q

Psychotic disorders

A

Are a class of disorders where a person loses touch with realized and can no longer function normally in society

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6
Q

Hallucinations and delusions usually present in _________ disorders

A

Psychotic

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7
Q

Neurotic disorders

A

A class of disorders which causes suffering (anxiety, depression, etc.) BUT STILL ALLOWS A PERSON TO FUNCTION RATIONALLY FOR MOST PART

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8
Q

What’s a more and less serious type of disorder

A

More serious- psychotic disorder

Less serious- neurotic

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9
Q

In ancient times, disorders were thought to have been caused by

A

Movements of the sun and moon (lunacy is full moon) or by evil spirits

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10
Q

Ancient times psychological treatments

A

Treatments for people with mental illnesses were very in humane even up until the mid 1900’s. Patients were often chained like animals, beaten, burned, castrated, etc.

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11
Q

Eventually the _______ ________ came to dominate understandings of mental illnesses

A

Medical model

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12
Q

The medical model assumes that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed based on

A

Their symptoms and be treated and in most cases cured

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13
Q

Who exposed the real conditions of mental illness in the history?

A

Dorothea Dix

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14
Q

The assumption of medical model drastically improved

A

Conditions in mental hospitals

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15
Q

Deinstitutionalization started in the 1950 and 1960, more and more DRUGS began being used to

A

“Cure” psychological disorders

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16
Q

Because of the drugs cure, there was a policy of deinstitutionalization instituted where patients were

A

Removed from mental institutions to live in family based community based on environments

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17
Q

What would psychoanalytic psychologist argue the cause of psychological disorders?

A

Childhood abuse

Trauma is repressed

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18
Q

What would humanistic psychologist argue the cause of psychological disorders?

A

Unable to reach your fullest potential
Lack lower needs of the pyramid
Lack of unconditional positive regard

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19
Q

What would cognitive psychologist argue the cause of psychological disorders?

A

Erratic
Atypical
Illogical

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20
Q

What would behavioral psychologist argue the cause of psychological disorders?

A

Disorders are learned through
Modeling
Operant and classical conditioning

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21
Q

What would biological psychologist argue the cause of psychological disorders?

A

Brain chemistry
Brain structure
Genetics

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22
Q

What would sociology-cultural psychologist argue the cause of psychological disorders?

A

Society’s conditions on what is a disorder

Pressure in school

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23
Q

Certain disorders can be triggered by the environment if you are

A

Biologically predisposed to that disorder

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24
Q

Stress diathermy model

A

Argues that a biological or genetic predisposition (diathesis) interacts with the environment and life events (stressors) to trigger behaviors or psychological disorders

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25
Stress-diathesis model: the greater the underlying vulnerability, the less
Stress in needed to trigger the behavior or disorder
26
Stress diathesis model
If a person is highly genetically predisposed to depression a minor stressor in the environment might rigger the disorder (Mr. Dwyer’s family has depression so he also can get it)
27
Most mental health professionals assume that disorders have
Interlocking causes- bio-psycho- social perspective
28
Bio-psycho-Social perspective
Assume biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors interact to produce disorders
29
DSM- V
The most widely used manual for classifying psychosocial disorders
30
Widely considered the “bible” for mental health professionals to make diagnosis
DSM- V
31
Controversy of DSM-V
5th one has more disorders- are they created?
32
Pro of DSM V
Allows treatment to take place Common cations Predictions Label makes it efficient
33
Cons of DSM-V and labeling
May create self fulfilling prophecy May bring a social stigma Pitied LABLES ARE OFTEN STICKY
34
Labels are often “sticky”
Assuming everything is because of it | Everything becomes about the label
35
David Rosenhan tests
Power of labeling and its reliability
36
Rosenhan had colleagues attempt to fake symptoms to get into mental hospitals. Each pseudopatient told the hospitals they had been hearing voices apart from that they told no lies other than fake names, addresses, etc
How Rosenhan showed the power of labeling
37
After being admitted, the fake patients acted completely normal. Hospital staff failed to identify the fakers and interpreted all of their normal behavior as their mental illness
Effect of labeling
38
Example of the power of labeling
Guy taking notes was said to have “writing behavior” which seemed pathological
39
Anxiety disorders
A category of disorders that involve excessive, persistent, and distressing levels of fear, nervousness, and apprehension which may manifest themselves into physical symptoms
40
Types of anxiety disorders (4)
Generalized anxiety Phobias Panic disorders Separation anxiety
41
Generalized anxiety disorder
A disorder characterized by excessive worry AND presence of physical symptoms of anxiety
42
Examples of physical symptoms in generalized anxiety
Heart racing Fast breath Sweat
43
Panic disorder
Disorder marked by repeated and unexpected PANIC ATTACKS
44
Panic attacks
Moments of intense dread in which a person experiences tenor and accompanying chest pain or other frightening sensations
45
Anticipation of next panic attack increases
Suffering
46
Anticipation of next panic attack increases suffering and may lead to
Arogaphobia- fear of public spaces
47
Phobia
Anxiety disorder marked by persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of specific object or situation
48
3 types of phobias
Specific Social Agoraphobia
49
Specific phobia
Thousands of examples: storms, blood
50
Social phobia
Socially interacting with others
51
Agoraphobia
Fear of public spaces
52
Claustrophobic
Small spaces
53
Acrophobia
Fear of heights
54
Xenophobia
Fear of foreigners/ strangers
55
OBSESSIVE compulsive
Unwanted repeated thoughts
56
COMPULSIVE
Repeated behaviors to get rid of thoughts
57
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Group of disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsive) which cause suffering
58
Types of obsessive compulsive disorders (5)
``` OCD Hoarding- keeping things you don’t need Body dysmorphic Trichotillomania (hair pulling) Excoriation disorder (skin pulling) ```
59
Thoughts during OCD
Obsessions (repetitive thoughts) Concern with germs, dirt Something terrible happening Symmetry, order, or exactness
60
Behaviors during OCD
``` Excessive hand washing, bathing, brushing Repeating rituals (in/out of a door) Checking doors, locks, homework ```
61
Tic disorders
Group of disorders characterized by sudden, unwanted motor or phonic (sounds) movements
62
Example of tic disorder
Tourette’s syndrome
63
Tourette’s syndrome
Involves involuntary twitching (motor tics) and making of unusual sounds (vocal tics)
64
What neurotransmitters are involves in Tourette’s syndrome?
Norepinephrine and dopamine
65
Trauma and stress related disorders
Group of disorders in which person has been exposed to an extremely traumatic or stressful life event which caused emotion disturbances
66
Trauma and stress related disorders are no longer considered an anxiety disorder since
Many experience emotions other than fear
67
Post traumatic stress disorder
Disorder brought on by exposure to death, sexual violence, threat of death, or similar traumatic experiences
68
Symptoms of PTSD
Nightmares, social withdrawal, anxiety/irritability, or dissociative “flashbacks”
69
Other examples of trauma related disorders
Attachment disorder- dramatic experience in childhood | Adjustment disorder- milder form of PTSD
70
Hans Selye
Discovered the responsive cycle for how we react to stress which he named the GAS
71
General adaption syndrome
Responsive cycle for how we react to stress
72
GAS Phase 1: alarm
Activation of sympathetic nervous system
73
Phase 1: alarm example
3 tests next week
74
GAS phase 2: resistance
Arousal remains high as you attempt to come with the stressor. “Fight or flight”
75
GAS phase 2: resistance example
Study
76
GAS phase 3: exhaustion
Body becomes run down with constant stress which can leave you more vulnerable to illness or even death
77
phase 3: exhaustion example
Headache/neck hurts
78
Classical conditioning example with causes of anxiety disorders
Rape victim may develop fear of being alone in apartment
79
Stimulus generalization example with causes of anxiety disorders
Fear of heights leads to fear of flying even without flying
80
Reinforcement (ENCOURAGES behavior) example with causes of anxiety disorders
Avoiding places you have phobia about rewards you by lessening your anxiety
81
Observational Learning/modeling example with causes of anxiety disorders
Monkeys with snakes
82
Causes of anxiety from biological perspective: evolution
Certain fears help us survive
83
Causes of anxiety from biological perspective: genes
Correlations with identical twins and phobias
84
Causes of anxiety from biological perspective: physiology
Brain chemistry. Often see increased brain activities in brain areas involving impulse control
85
Biological causes of anxiety example
Picture overactive frontal love activity involving in directing attention
86
Classical conditioning of sexual assault anxiety
UCR- avoidance of sexual assault CS- apartment UCS- sexual assault CR- avoidance of apartment

AP Psychology (33 decks)

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