Unit 2 Pt3: Nature And Nurture Flashcards
Chromosomes
Threadlike structures made of DNA that contain genes
Total chromosomes
46: 23 from mom, 23 from dad
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is DNA
Complex molecules containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes
DNA structure
Has 2 strands-forming a “double helix” held together by bonds between pairs of nucleotides
Nucleotides
Biochemical letters that make up genes
Some determine biological development
Nucleotides letters
A C T and G
Genes
Make up the chromosomes
Genome
Complete instructions for making an organism
Consisting all generic material in its chromosomes
Genotype
Genetic pattern or blueprint that makes you distinct from anyone else
Genotype code
Specific code
Phenotype
Individual’s observable characteristics or traits.
Influenced by genes and environment
Phenotype example
Eye, color, hair color, weight, etc
Genotype creates
Phenotype
Natural selection
Those contributing to survival will most likely be passed on succeeding generations
Mutations
Random errors in gene application
Mutations lead to
A change in the sequence of nucleotides
Mutations source of
All genetic diversity
Darwin has a ONE TRACK MIND
Helps us survive
Pass our genes into the future
What evolutionary psychologists found in males and females about sex
Differences towards the attitude and behavior of sex
Male’s approach towards sex
Recreational approach
Female’s approach towards sex
Relational approach
Behavior genetics
Study of the power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
Behavior genetics example
Psychologists who conduct twin studies to see nature vs nurture
Molecular genetics
Subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and functions of genes
Molecular genetics example
Scientists that work on human genome project
Identical twins
Develop from single zygote (fertilized egg)
Create 2 genetic replicas
Fraternal twins
Develop from separate zygotes
Fraternal twins relationship
No closer than brother and sister
Share the fetal environment
Temperament
Emotional reactivity and intensity
Temperament factors
Activity(energy level), sociability (interaction with others), distress(reactions), anger, fear
Heritability
Percent of difference among individuals that we can attribute to genes
Influence of nurture starts in
DA WOMB
Prenatal environment
First stage of nurture
Prenatal environment activity
When embryos and fetuses receive differing nutrition and varying levels of exposures to toxic agents
Experience affects
Brain development
Culture
Ideas, traditions, etc shared
Norm
Understood rule for accepted and expected behavior
Sociocultural perspective
Investigate how behavior and thoughts change according to the society/culture we are raised in
Memes
Self-replicating ideas, fashions, and innovation passed from person to person
X chromosomes
Sex chromosomes in men and women
Females-2, men-1
X chromosome produces
A female
Y chromosome
Only in men
Y chromosome determines
Sex of the baby
Testosterone
Most important of the male sex hormones Both genders have it Stimulates in males Growth of the fetus Development during puberty
Gender identity
When I used to feel like a boy
Gender typing
Taking on traditional masculine and feminine roles
Androgyne
Possesses both masculine and feminine characteristics
Social learning theory
Behaviorist related theory
We learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Gender schema theory
Cognitive theory- learning from cultures about what it is to be male or female to adjust with society
