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AP Psychology > Personality Pt 1: Freudian Theory And Neo-Freudians (Psychodynamic) > Flashcards

Personality Pt 1: Freudian Theory And Neo-Freudians (Psychodynamic) Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality

A

Your characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

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2
Q

Theories of personality

A

Psychoanalytic
Trait
Humanistic
Social cognitive

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3
Q

Out of the theories of personalities, what theory only describes?

A

Trait

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4
Q

Idiographic methods

A

Personality techniques that look at the individual

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5
Q

Idiographic methods example

A

Case studies, interviews, etc

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6
Q

Main tool for Freud

A

Idiographic methods

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7
Q

Nomothetic methods

A

Personality techniques such as tests, surveys, and observations that focus on variables at the group level, identifying universal trait dimensions or relationships between different aspects of personality

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8
Q

Nomothetic methods are what perspectives?

A

Trait perspectives

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9
Q

Psychoanalytic perspective mostly based on

A

Sigmund Freud

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10
Q

Freud argued that Personality was mostly influenced by

A

Unconscious conflicts/motivations and early childhood sexuality/experiences

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11
Q

Most basic motives of Freud

A

Sex and aggression

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12
Q

Sex and aggression

A

Sex: life instinct
Aggression: death instinct

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13
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freud’s theory on unconscious motivations influence on our personality and to the techniques used to uncover and interpret unconscious conflicts and tensions which may be causing a psychological disorder

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14
Q

For psychoanalysis, only through understanding conflicts can you overcome

A

Psychological problems like depression, anxiety, etc.

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15
Q

Psychoanalysis of the perspective

A

Technique of the perspective

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16
Q

Unconscious

A

According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unaccepted thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories we are unaware of

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17
Q

Preconscious

A

Information that is not conscious, but is retrievable into conscious awareness

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18
Q

Preconscious example

A

Phone number, bestfriend’s last name

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19
Q

Structure of our personality according to Freud

A

To him, personality is like an iceberg. Only can see very small part of it (conscious) while most of it is unseen (unconscious)

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20
Q

Id

A

Largest part of your personality that is unconscious, largely instinctual, and purely operates to satisfy biological, sexual, and aggressive drives

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21
Q

The devil of your personality

A

ID

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22
Q

Id seeks immediate gratification and operates according to the

A

Pleasure principle

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23
Q

Id people are

A

Self centered, impulsive, impatient, rude

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24
Q

Superego develops

A

Around age of 4-5

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25
Q

Superego

A

Your voice of conscience and focuses on the MORALITY PRINCIPLE how you should act according to ideals.

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26
Q

Superego provides standards for

A

Judgement and future aspirations; pushes you towards perfection

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27
Q

The angel on your shoulder

A

Superego

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28
Q

Side effects of superego

A

May lead to anxiety and guilt

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29
Q

Who influence superego?

A

Parents, religion, teachers, friends (maybe)

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30
Q

Superego is learned from

A

Society

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31
Q

Ego is

A

YOU

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32
Q

Ego

A

Largely conscious part of your personality that mediates conflict between your id and superego

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33
Q

Ego operates according to the

A

Reality principle satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain

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34
Q

Most fragile personality

A

Ego

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35
Q

Ego example

A

Self esteem

“Maybe I can find a compromise”

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36
Q

According to Freud, when did personality develop?

A

First few years of life

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37
Q

Freud believed that adult’s conflicts are rooted in unresolved conflicts from

A

Early childhood which we often related to conflicts in psychosexual development

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38
Q

Psychosexual stage

A

Childhood stages of development during which according to Freud, the id’s pleasure seeking energies are focused on distinct erogenous zones

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39
Q

Erogenous zones

A

Part of the body that brings you pleasure

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40
Q

Fixation

A

A lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage

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41
Q

Fixation occurs when

A

Those “sexual needs: are over indulged or deprived

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42
Q

Fixation example

A

Anal retentive, etc

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43
Q

Fixation simple words

A

Getting stuck in a certain psychosexual stage

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44
Q

Conflict/fixation in the oral stage focuses on

A

“Sexual pleasure” infant gets from sucking, biting, chewing

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45
Q

Conflict in oral stage arises when

A

Child is weaned off of breast or bottle which in some cases causes traumatic separation anxiety

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46
Q

Fixation in oral stage leads to

A

Oral dependent personality or

Oral aggressive personality

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47
Q

Oral dependent personality

A

Gullible, passive, dependent personality

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48
Q

Oral aggressive personality

A

Sarcastic, argumentative personality

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49
Q

Oral stage for adults

A

Adults fixated may smoke, drink, chew pens, or have other oral habits when they get anxious

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50
Q

Conflict/fixation in the anal stage focus on

A

“Sexual pleasure” child receives form defecation (pooping) at the anus

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51
Q

Conflict in anal stage arises during

A

Toilet training

Child may become fixated if training is too strict and inflexible

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52
Q

Anal retentive personality

A

Compulsive, cleanliness, orderliness, etc

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53
Q

Anal retentive personality is close to

A

OCD

54
Q

Anal expulsive personality

A

Disorganized, messy, hot tempered

55
Q

Conflict/fixation during the phallic stage (focuses on genitals): the Oedipus complex

A

Boys develop sexual desires towards their mothers and feelings of jealously and hatred towards their father.. Little Hans case study

56
Q

Conflict/fixation during the phallic stage (focuses on genitals): fear of punishment from their father leads to

A

Castration anxiety and eventually repression of feelings towards mother and identification which rival parent (father)

57
Q

Phallic Stage: castration anxiety

A

Fear that Your father is going to cut off your penis

58
Q

Conflict/fixation during the phallic stage (focuses on genitals): identification

A

Children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos

59
Q

Where do gender norms come from?

A

Identification (phallic stage)

60
Q

Electra complex

A

Females’ sexual feelings with their father

61
Q

Latency stage age

A

6-12

62
Q

Latency stage

A

Sexual feelings are repressed

63
Q

Freud argued that Latency stage was the stage in which Children put energy into

A

forming social relationships and learning new tasks

64
Q

Latency stage: if child doesn’t fulfill their own expectations,

A

They may feel inferior

65
Q

Oral stage age

A

0-18 months

66
Q

Anal stage age

A

18-36 months

67
Q

Phallic stage age

A

3-6 years

68
Q

Latency stage age

A

6-puberty

69
Q

Genital stage and phallic stage

A

Same thing

70
Q

Children enter genital stage during

A

Adolescence

71
Q

Genital stage: when one develops

A

Warm feelings toward others and sexual attraction and intimate relationships with others

72
Q

Freud viewed genital stage as

A

Smooth period for those with little energy fixated in previous stage

73
Q

Personality and dealing w/ anxiety

A

The ego has to deal with a variety of forms of anxiety based on unconscious conflicts and the conflicting desires of Id and superego.

74
Q

At times to avoid anxiety it looks to protect itself by

A

Defense mechanisms

75
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

Methods that the ego uses to reduce anxiety. Involved unconsciously reality to make itself feel better

76
Q

Ego needs

A

Defense

77
Q

Repression

A

Banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness

78
Q

Repression example

A

Child sexual abuse is “forgotten”

79
Q

Repression is basically

A

Accidental forgetting

80
Q

Regression goes

A

Backwards

81
Q

Regression

A

When an individual retreats to an earlier move infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated

82
Q

Acting more childlike than you are

A

Regression

83
Q

Crying like a baby when stressed

A

Regression

84
Q

Regression example

A

When stressed, someone may smoke more (oral fixation)

85
Q

Reaction formation

A

When the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites

86
Q

Reaction formation: people will expressing

A

Opposites of their anxiety arousing feelings

87
Q

Reaction formation example

A

Heartbroken boyfriend states that he “hates” his ex

88
Q

A man says that he’s against LGBT but in reality he is bisexual

A

Reaction formation

89
Q

Projection

A

When people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

90
Q

Projection example

A

Husband who is cheating may constantly accuse wife of the behavior

91
Q

“I’m not dumb, the test is dumb”

A

Projection

92
Q

Rationalization

A

Offering SELF JUSTIFYING EXPLANATIONS in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions

93
Q

Fake reasons, reasons for illegal song downloads

A

Rationalization

94
Q

Rationalization example

A

Justifying cheating on taxes by saying the government would use $ to create nuclear weapons

95
Q

Displacement

A

Shifting one’s sexual or aggressive impulses to a more acceptable or less threatening object or person.. REDIRECT anger at “safer outlet”

96
Q

Displacement example

A

Angry at boss or supervisor and you take it out by yelling at your friend

97
Q

Show anger on someone else because they are “easier”

A

Displacement

98
Q

Sublimation

A

When people rechannel their unaccepted impulses into SOCIALLY APPROVED activities

99
Q

Sublimation example

A

Playing football to rechannel aggressive impulses

100
Q

Little Willy cut dead animals to see their organs, when he grew up, he became a surgeon

A

Sublimation

101
Q

Denial

A

When person denies threatening behavior or events are taking place

102
Q

Denial example

A

Person who is in a horrible accident states emphatically “I will walk again!!!!!”

103
Q

8 defense mechanisms

A

Repression, regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement, sublimation, denial

104
Q

Hypnosis

A

Freud “discovered” the unconscious when hypnotizing his patients. Under hypnosis patients would talk freely about the onset of their symptoms and their lives which allowed Freud access to “unconscious conflicts”

105
Q

Why did Freud eventually turn away from hypnosis?

A

Not all patients reacted to it

106
Q

Freud on dreams

A

Considered the “royal rode to the unconscious”

107
Q

Manifest content (dream sequence)

A

A censored expression of the dreamer’s unconscious wishes called LATENT CONTENT which can be analyzed by psychoanalysts

108
Q

Latent content can be analyzed by

A

Psychoanalysts

109
Q

Free association

A

Technique in which patients relax and say WHATEVER COMES TO THEIR MIND without censoring themselves no matter how trivial or embarrassing the flow of thoughts is

110
Q

You say whatever that comes to mind

A

Free association

111
Q

To Freud, nothing you did or said was

A

Ever accidental; everything offered insights into the unconscious

112
Q

Freudian slips

A

Slips of the tongue or actions which may illustrate unconscious motives/feelings

113
Q

Freudian slips example

A

Accidentally calling your wife “mom”

114
Q

Man sending a post card to his wife while on vacation which reads: “Wish you were her.”

A

Freudian slips

115
Q

Projective tests

A

Test which presents ambiguous (unclear) stimuli which is designed to get at one’s inner/unconscious dynamics when you interpret it

116
Q

Types of projective tests

A

TAT, Finish the sentence, ink blot, draw a picture

117
Q

Thematic apperception test (TAT)

A

Test where people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

118
Q

Rorschach Ink Blot test

A

Most widely used projective test, looks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of blots

119
Q

Alfred Adler

A

Emphasized the importance of SOCIAL tensions in childhood rather than sexual tensions to explain personality development

120
Q

Alfred Adler proposed the idea of

A

Inferiority complex

121
Q

Inferiority complex

A

Feeling of inferiority during childhood which causes individuals to overcompensate and either have significant achievements or develop antisocial tendencies

122
Q

Inferiority complex is combined with

A

Competence vs inferiority by Erikson

123
Q

Neo- Freudians:

A

New Freudians, aka Psychodynamic

Dynamic: change

124
Q

Neo-Freudians focus on

A

Social conflicts instead of sexual

125
Q

Carl Jung came up with psychoanalytic ideas which are

A

Collective unconscious and archetypes

126
Q

Collective unconscious

A

Idea that humans have a shared reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history

127
Q

Archetypes

A

Inherited memories were known as archetypes and can be seen in the common themes in religions, cultures, literature, etc.

128
Q

Archetypes are basically

A

Common symbols

129
Q

Symbol of “the hero”

An Asian old man is wise

A

Archetypes

130
Q

Karen Horney

A

Brought a feminist perspective to psychoanalytic theory and sharply attacked the male bias when she saw in Freud’s work

131
Q

Who argued against Freud’s concept of “penis envy”

A

Karen Horney

AP Psychology (33 decks)

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