Personality Pt 1: Freudian Theory And Neo-Freudians (Psychodynamic) Flashcards
1
Q
Personality
A
Your characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
2
Q
Theories of personality
A
Psychoanalytic
Trait
Humanistic
Social cognitive
3
Q
Out of the theories of personalities, what theory only describes?
A
Trait
4
Q
Idiographic methods
A
Personality techniques that look at the individual
5
Q
Idiographic methods example
A
Case studies, interviews, etc
6
Q
Main tool for Freud
A
Idiographic methods
7
Q
Nomothetic methods
A
Personality techniques such as tests, surveys, and observations that focus on variables at the group level, identifying universal trait dimensions or relationships between different aspects of personality
8
Q
Nomothetic methods are what perspectives?
A
Trait perspectives
9
Q
Psychoanalytic perspective mostly based on
A
Sigmund Freud
10
Q
Freud argued that Personality was mostly influenced by
A
Unconscious conflicts/motivations and early childhood sexuality/experiences
11
Q
Most basic motives of Freud
A
Sex and aggression
12
Q
Sex and aggression
A
Sex: life instinct
Aggression: death instinct
13
Q
Psychoanalysis
A
Freud’s theory on unconscious motivations influence on our personality and to the techniques used to uncover and interpret unconscious conflicts and tensions which may be causing a psychological disorder
14
Q
For psychoanalysis, only through understanding conflicts can you overcome
A
Psychological problems like depression, anxiety, etc.
15
Q
Psychoanalysis of the perspective
A
Technique of the perspective
16
Q
Unconscious
A
According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unaccepted thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories we are unaware of
17
Q
Preconscious
A
Information that is not conscious, but is retrievable into conscious awareness
18
Q
Preconscious example
A
Phone number, bestfriend’s last name
19
Q
Structure of our personality according to Freud
A
To him, personality is like an iceberg. Only can see very small part of it (conscious) while most of it is unseen (unconscious)
20
Q
Id
A
Largest part of your personality that is unconscious, largely instinctual, and purely operates to satisfy biological, sexual, and aggressive drives
21
Q
The devil of your personality
A
ID
22
Q
Id seeks immediate gratification and operates according to the
A
Pleasure principle
23
Q
Id people are
A
Self centered, impulsive, impatient, rude
24
Q
Superego develops
A
Around age of 4-5
25
Superego
Your voice of conscience and focuses on the MORALITY PRINCIPLE how you should act according to ideals.
26
Superego provides standards for
Judgement and future aspirations; pushes you towards perfection
27
The angel on your shoulder
Superego
28
Side effects of superego
May lead to anxiety and guilt
29
Who influence superego?
Parents, religion, teachers, friends (maybe)
30
Superego is learned from
Society
31
Ego is
YOU
32
Ego
Largely conscious part of your personality that mediates conflict between your id and superego
33
Ego operates according to the
Reality principle satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
34
Most fragile personality
Ego
35
Ego example
Self esteem
| “Maybe I can find a compromise”
36
According to Freud, when did personality develop?
First few years of life
37
Freud believed that adult’s conflicts are rooted in unresolved conflicts from
Early childhood which we often related to conflicts in psychosexual development
38
Psychosexual stage
Childhood stages of development during which according to Freud, the id’s pleasure seeking energies are focused on distinct erogenous zones
39
Erogenous zones
Part of the body that brings you pleasure
40
Fixation
A lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage
41
Fixation occurs when
Those “sexual needs: are over indulged or deprived
42
Fixation example
Anal retentive, etc
43
Fixation simple words
Getting stuck in a certain psychosexual stage
44
Conflict/fixation in the oral stage focuses on
“Sexual pleasure” infant gets from sucking, biting, chewing
45
Conflict in oral stage arises when
Child is weaned off of breast or bottle which in some cases causes traumatic separation anxiety
46
Fixation in oral stage leads to
Oral dependent personality or
| Oral aggressive personality
47
Oral dependent personality
Gullible, passive, dependent personality
48
Oral aggressive personality
Sarcastic, argumentative personality
49
Oral stage for adults
Adults fixated may smoke, drink, chew pens, or have other oral habits when they get anxious
50
Conflict/fixation in the anal stage focus on
“Sexual pleasure” child receives form defecation (pooping) at the anus
51
Conflict in anal stage arises during
Toilet training
| Child may become fixated if training is too strict and inflexible
52
Anal retentive personality
Compulsive, cleanliness, orderliness, etc
53
Anal retentive personality is close to
OCD
54
Anal expulsive personality
Disorganized, messy, hot tempered
55
Conflict/fixation during the phallic stage (focuses on genitals): the Oedipus complex
Boys develop sexual desires towards their mothers and feelings of jealously and hatred towards their father.. Little Hans case study
56
Conflict/fixation during the phallic stage (focuses on genitals): fear of punishment from their father leads to
Castration anxiety and eventually repression of feelings towards mother and identification which rival parent (father)
57
Phallic Stage: castration anxiety
Fear that Your father is going to cut off your penis
58
Conflict/fixation during the phallic stage (focuses on genitals): identification
Children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos
59
Where do gender norms come from?
Identification (phallic stage)
60
Electra complex
Females’ sexual feelings with their father
61
Latency stage age
6-12
62
Latency stage
Sexual feelings are repressed
63
Freud argued that Latency stage was the stage in which Children put energy into
forming social relationships and learning new tasks
64
Latency stage: if child doesn’t fulfill their own expectations,
They may feel inferior
65
Oral stage age
0-18 months
66
Anal stage age
18-36 months
67
Phallic stage age
3-6 years
68
Latency stage age
6-puberty
69
Genital stage and phallic stage
Same thing
70
Children enter genital stage during
Adolescence
71
Genital stage: when one develops
Warm feelings toward others and sexual attraction and intimate relationships with others
72
Freud viewed genital stage as
Smooth period for those with little energy fixated in previous stage
73
Personality and dealing w/ anxiety
The ego has to deal with a variety of forms of anxiety based on unconscious conflicts and the conflicting desires of Id and superego.
74
At times to avoid anxiety it looks to protect itself by
Defense mechanisms
75
Defense mechanisms
Methods that the ego uses to reduce anxiety. Involved unconsciously reality to make itself feel better
76
Ego needs
Defense
77
Repression
Banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
78
Repression example
Child sexual abuse is “forgotten”
79
Repression is basically
Accidental forgetting
80
Regression goes
Backwards
81
Regression
When an individual retreats to an earlier move infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated
82
Acting more childlike than you are
Regression
83
Crying like a baby when stressed
Regression
84
Regression example
When stressed, someone may smoke more (oral fixation)
85
Reaction formation
When the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites
86
Reaction formation: people will expressing
Opposites of their anxiety arousing feelings
87
Reaction formation example
Heartbroken boyfriend states that he “hates” his ex
88
A man says that he’s against LGBT but in reality he is bisexual
Reaction formation
89
Projection
When people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
90
Projection example
Husband who is cheating may constantly accuse wife of the behavior
91
“I’m not dumb, the test is dumb”
Projection
92
Rationalization
Offering SELF JUSTIFYING EXPLANATIONS in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions
93
Fake reasons, reasons for illegal song downloads
Rationalization
94
Rationalization example
Justifying cheating on taxes by saying the government would use $ to create nuclear weapons
95
Displacement
Shifting one’s sexual or aggressive impulses to a more acceptable or less threatening object or person.. REDIRECT anger at “safer outlet”
96
Displacement example
Angry at boss or supervisor and you take it out by yelling at your friend
97
Show anger on someone else because they are “easier”
Displacement
98
Sublimation
When people rechannel their unaccepted impulses into SOCIALLY APPROVED activities
99
Sublimation example
Playing football to rechannel aggressive impulses
100
Little Willy cut dead animals to see their organs, when he grew up, he became a surgeon
Sublimation
101
Denial
When person denies threatening behavior or events are taking place
102
Denial example
Person who is in a horrible accident states emphatically “I will walk again!!!!!”
103
8 defense mechanisms
Repression, regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement, sublimation, denial
104
Hypnosis
Freud “discovered” the unconscious when hypnotizing his patients. Under hypnosis patients would talk freely about the onset of their symptoms and their lives which allowed Freud access to “unconscious conflicts”
105
Why did Freud eventually turn away from hypnosis?
Not all patients reacted to it
106
Freud on dreams
Considered the “royal rode to the unconscious”
107
Manifest content (dream sequence)
A censored expression of the dreamer’s unconscious wishes called LATENT CONTENT which can be analyzed by psychoanalysts
108
Latent content can be analyzed by
Psychoanalysts
109
Free association
Technique in which patients relax and say WHATEVER COMES TO THEIR MIND without censoring themselves no matter how trivial or embarrassing the flow of thoughts is
110
You say whatever that comes to mind
Free association
111
To Freud, nothing you did or said was
Ever accidental; everything offered insights into the unconscious
112
Freudian slips
Slips of the tongue or actions which may illustrate unconscious motives/feelings
113
Freudian slips example
Accidentally calling your wife “mom”
114
Man sending a post card to his wife while on vacation which reads: “Wish you were her.”
Freudian slips
115
Projective tests
Test which presents ambiguous (unclear) stimuli which is designed to get at one’s inner/unconscious dynamics when you interpret it
116
Types of projective tests
TAT, Finish the sentence, ink blot, draw a picture
117
Thematic apperception test (TAT)
Test where people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
118
Rorschach Ink Blot test
Most widely used projective test, looks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of blots
119
Alfred Adler
Emphasized the importance of SOCIAL tensions in childhood rather than sexual tensions to explain personality development
120
Alfred Adler proposed the idea of
Inferiority complex
121
Inferiority complex
Feeling of inferiority during childhood which causes individuals to overcompensate and either have significant achievements or develop antisocial tendencies
122
Inferiority complex is combined with
Competence vs inferiority by Erikson
123
Neo- Freudians:
New Freudians, aka Psychodynamic
Dynamic: change
124
Neo-Freudians focus on
Social conflicts instead of sexual
125
Carl Jung came up with psychoanalytic ideas which are
Collective unconscious and archetypes
126
Collective unconscious
Idea that humans have a shared reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history
127
Archetypes
Inherited memories were known as archetypes and can be seen in the common themes in religions, cultures, literature, etc.
128
Archetypes are basically
Common symbols
129
Symbol of “the hero”
An Asian old man is wise
Archetypes
130
Karen Horney
Brought a feminist perspective to psychoanalytic theory and sharply attacked the male bias when she saw in Freud’s work
131
Who argued against Freud’s concept of “penis envy”
Karen Horney
