Unit 5 Lecture 38 Flashcards
Organs of the female repro
Ovary, fimbriae, ampulla, uterus, cervix, vagina
Function of ovary
oocyte and hormone production
Function of fimbriar
collects ovum from ovary
Function of ampulla
most common site of fertilization
Function of uterus
implantation and contraction
Function of vagina
sperm deposition
When are oocytes made?
before birth
Define oogenesis
Formation of ovum (egg) from oogonium
What is the first process of oogenesis and when does it occur in life?
mitosis fetal period
What happens during mitosis?
oogonium –> primary oocyte
What process occurs after mitosis and when does it happen in life?
Prophase I of Meiosis I starts from fetal period to puberty
During puberty, what within the primary oocyte forms?
Primary follicle becomes a secondary follicle
What process happens after Meiosis I?
Meiosis II
What happens during Meiosis II and at what phase?
Primary oocyte –> secondary oocyte stops @ metaphase II
What forms within the secondary oocyte?
Mature (graafian) follicle
What is the only way for the secondary oocyte to complete meiosis II?
Fertilization - secondary oocyte comes in contact with a sperm cell
What does the secondary oocyte become after contact with a sperm?
OVUM (egg)….. once the nuclei unite, its called a ZYGOTE
If the secondary oocyte does not come in contact with a sperm cell, what process happens?
ovulation of mature (graafian) follicle
What are found in ovaries and list the types?
follicles
primordial, antral, and mature
What are follicles made of?
Oocytes and follicular cells
What cells are found within ovaries and where are they?
Theca cells - outside follice
granulosa cells - within follicle
Overall, what do mature follicles synthesize and secrete?
estradiol
What is estradiol?
major type of estrogen produced in the ovaries
What do Theca cells do?
Turn cholesterol into androstenedione with LH
What do Granulosa cells do?
Turn androstenedione into estradiol with FSH
When does the ability to release eggs start?
puberty
What are the 2 main cycles that happen in a female?
Ovarian and Uterine cycles
What are the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle?
- Follicular phase
- Ovulation
- Luteal phase
Step 1 of follicular phase
Primary oocyte suspended in first meiotic division at birth
Step 2 of follicular phase
follicles and cells grow
Step 3 of follicular phase
Antrum (fluid filled space in follicle) forms
What stimulates growth of antrum?
FSH and LH
Step 4 of follicular phase
Mature follicle synthesizes and secretes estradiol
Step 1 of ovulation phase
Wall of follicle and ovary broken down
What breaks down the walls of follicles and ovaries during ovulation?
proteases, collagenases, and prostaglandins
Step 2 of ovulation phase
- primary oocyte becomes secondary oocyte (first division)
- ovum is released into abdominal cavity
Step 1 of luteal phase
Follicular wall left behind will transform into corpus luteum under influence of LH
Step 2 of luteal phase
corpus luteum produces progesterone and estrogen
Name the histology layers of the uterus
endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium
What happens to the endometrium during menstruation?
Stratum functionalism is sloughed off and stratum basalis replaces stratum functionalis
What are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle?
- menses
- proliferation phase
- secretory phase
What happens during the menses phase?
degeneration and sloughing off of stratum functionalis
“Menstruation”
What happens during proliferation phase
regrowth of endometrium
What happens during secretory phase?
endometrium glands secrete special mucous in response to progesterone and estrogen to prepare for potential implantation of a fertilized ovum
What happens if fertilization does not occur?
corpus luteum will degenerate and the stratum functionalis will be lost with menses
What hormone is released by a growing human embryo?
hCG
What does hCG do?
halts the cycle by rescuring the corpus luetum from degeneration to support pregnancy
After several months of pregnancy, what takes over hormone production?
placenta
List the days between each uterine phase
menses: 1-5
proliferation: 6-14
secretory: 17 - 28
