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Physiology 202 > Unit 5 Lecture 37 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Lecture 37 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the male repro system composed of and identify their functions?

A
  • Testes: produce sperm
  • Ducts: store and transport sperm
  • Accessory glands
  • Supporting structures
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2
Q

What makes up the ducts of the male repro system?

A
  • Urethra
  • Ejaculatory duct
  • Vas Deferens
  • Epididymis
  • ampulla of vas deferens
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3
Q

What are the accessory glands of the male repro system?

A
  • seminal vesicle
  • prostate
  • bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland
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4
Q

How much semen is secreted by the seminal vesicle and the prostate?

A

seminal vesicle - 60%

prostate - 25%

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5
Q

Compare the semen fluid in the seminal vesicle, prostate and cowper’s gland

A

seminal vesicle - viscous seminal fluid

prostate - thin seminal fluid

cowper’s gland - mucous like fluid

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6
Q

What is the viscous seminal fluid made of in the seminal vesicle?

A

Fructose, prostaglandins and fibrinogen

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7
Q

Function of fructose

A

fuel for glycolysis for ATP production

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8
Q

Function of prostaglandins

A

Contributes to sperm viability, motility and transport

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9
Q

Function of fibrinogen

A

Aids in coagulation of semen in female reproductive tract

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10
Q

What makes up the thin seminal fluid in the prostate?

A

proteolytic enzymes and seminalplasmin

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11
Q

Function of proteolytic enzymes

A

breaks down clotting proteins from seminal vesicles

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12
Q

Function of seminalplasmin

A

it’s an antibiotic that destroys bacteria

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13
Q

What makes up the mucous like fluid in the cowper’s gland?

A

alkaline fluid

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14
Q

Function of alkaline fluid

A

protects sperm from acids in urine

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15
Q

Label the path of sperm in the testes to epididymis

A

Seminiferous tubules –> straight tubules –> rete testis –> efferent ducts –> epididymis

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of cells found within the testes?

A

Sertoli cells and Leydig cells

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17
Q

Where are sertoli cells are what is their function?

A

Support sperm development within densely packed seminiferious tubules

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18
Q

Where are leydig cells and what is their function?

A

Found within interstitial connective tissue that produces TESTOSTERONE

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19
Q

Define spermatogenesis

A

*The overall process to make sperm

= the conversion of spermatogonia into specialized spermatozoa

20
Q

Label the path from spermatogonia to spermatozoa (sperm cell)

A

Spermatogonia –> primary spermatocyte –> secondary spermatocyte –> spermatid –> spermatozoa (sperm cell)

21
Q

What process must happen before the beginning of spermatogenesis?

A

Mitosis

22
Q

Define mitosis

A

cell division that results in two types of daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes

23
Q

After mitosis, what process begins spermatogensis?

A

Differentiation of the spermatogonium into a primary spermatocyte

24
Q

What process happens after differentiation?

A

Meiosis I

25
Q

What happens during Meiosis I?

A

1 (2n) primary spermatocyte becomes 2 (n) secondary spermatocytes

26
Q

List the 3 unique events of meiosis I

A
  1. tetrad formation (synapsis)
  2. crossing over
  3. movement of pairs of chromatids towards poles
27
Q

What process happens after Meiosis I?

A

Meiosis II

28
Q

What happens during Meiosis II?

A

2 (n) Secondary spermatocytes becomes 4 (n) spermatids

29
Q

What process happens after Meiosis II?

A

Spermiogenesis

30
Q

What happens during spermiogenesis?

A

4 spermatids become 4 spermatozoa

31
Q

What 4 parts make up the spermatozoa?

A

Acrosome, middle piece (mitochondrial sheath), nucleus and tail

32
Q

Function of acrosome

A

facilitates penetration of SECONDARY OOCYTE

33
Q

Function of middle piece/ mitochondrial sheath

A

Provides ATP for locomotion

34
Q

Function of nuclues

A

contains 23 highly condensed chromosomes

35
Q

Function of tail

A

propels sperm through female repro tract

36
Q

Define spermiation

A

the release of mature spermatozoa from sertoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferious tubule

37
Q

Define capacitation

A

final maturation of sperm

*occurs within female tract

38
Q

What triggers capacitation?

A

secretions from the uterus

39
Q

How does the sperm cell penetrate the matrix of the surrounding oocyte?

A

hyperactivation of tail

40
Q

What causes hyperactivation of the tail?

A

Ca2+

41
Q

What is Ca2+ the result of?

A

increased progesterone (produced by women) acting on the male sperm

42
Q

What makes a man infertile?

A

they don’t have the progesterone-binding Ca2+ channels (CATSPER1 null)

43
Q

At puberty, which hormone triggers increased production of LH and FSH?

A

GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)

44
Q

What does LH do?

A

stimulates secretion of testosterone by Leydig cells

45
Q

What does FSH do?

A

promotes spermatogenesis through sertoli cells by stimulating ABP which keeps testosterone high

46
Q

What is something else that sertoli cells release that reduces FSH?

A

inhibin

Physiology 202 (43 decks)

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