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Physiology 202 > Unit 4 Lecture 27 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Lecture 27 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the importance of the small intestine?

A

site of most digestion and absorption

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2
Q

What are the 3 sections of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum and ileum

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3
Q

What is the sphincter in the small intestine?

A

ileocecal sphincter

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4
Q

What is found on the mucosa layer of the small intestine that increases surface area for digestion and absorption??

A
  1. circular folds
  2. villi
  3. microvilli
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5
Q

What are the cells found in the small intestine and what do they secrete?

A
  1. absorptive cells - absorb nutrients
  2. goblet cells - secrete mucous
  3. enteroendocrine cells (S, CCK and K) - S secretes secretin, CCK secretes cholesystokinin, K secretes GIP
  4. Paneth cells - secretes lysozomes and can do phagocytosis
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6
Q

What is found on the surface of microvilli?

A

brush border enzymes

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7
Q

What do brush border enzymes do?

A

chemically breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and nucleosides

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8
Q

What is found in the lumen of the small intestine?

A

pancreatic juices and chyme

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9
Q

What is chyme made of?

A

amylase, proteases, lipase and nucleases

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10
Q

Label the complete flow of bile

A
  • hepatocytes in liver
  • starts with a C
  • bile duct
  • right and left hepatic duct
  • common hepatic duct
  • common bile duct and pancreatic duct
  • hepatopancreatic ampulla
  • duodenum
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11
Q

Where does the liver, gallbladder and pancreas empty into?

A

duodenum of small intestine

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12
Q

What are the main categories of enzyme secreted by the pancreas?

A
  1. Amylase
  2. Proteases
  3. Lipase
  4. Nucleases
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13
Q

What amylase enzyme is secreted by the pancreas?

A

pancreatic amylase

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14
Q

What protease enzymes are secreted by the pancreas?

A
  1. Trypsin
  2. chymotrypsin
  3. carboxypeptidase
  4. elastase
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15
Q

What lipase enzyme is secreted by the pancreas?

A

pancreatic lipase

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16
Q

What nucleases enzymes are secreted by the pancreas?

A

ribonuclease and deocyribonuclease

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17
Q

What are proteases?

A

Secreted as inactive precursors (like pepsinogen in the stomach)

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18
Q

What activates trypsinogen to trypsin?

A

Enteropeptidase (on brush border cells)

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19
Q

What does trypsin activate?

A

Activates chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase and proelasease

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20
Q

Where are carbohydrates digested?

A
  • Mouth
  • Stomach
  • Pancreas
  • Small intestine
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21
Q

What digests carbohydrates in the mouth?

A

Salivary amylase

22
Q

How are carbohydrates digested in the stomach?

A

Mechanical digestion (no chemical digestion)

23
Q

What digests carbohydrates in the small intestine?

A

Brush border enzymes Maltase, Sucrase, and lactase

24
Q

What do the brush border enzymes in the small intestine act on?

A

disaccharides (maltose, sucrose, and lactose)

25
Q

What do the brush border enzymes in the small intestine produce?

A

monosaccharides (fructose, glucose and galactose)

26
Q

What does sucrase produce?

A

glucose and fructose

27
Q

What does lactase produce?

A

glucose and galactose

28
Q

What does maltase produce?

A

glucose and glucose

29
Q

Where are the monosaccharides absorbed into?

A

epithelial cells

30
Q

How do glucose and galactose enter epithelial cells?

A

secondary active transport

31
Q

How does fuctose enter epithelial cells?

A

facilitated diffusion

32
Q

Where do the monosaccharides go when the leave epithelial cells?

A

bloodstream

33
Q

How do all monosaccharides leave epithalial cells?

A

facilitated diffusion

34
Q

Where are proteins digested in the body?

A
  • Mouth
  • Stomach
  • Pancreas
  • Small intestine
35
Q

How are proteins digested in the mouth?

A

mechanical digestion ONLY

36
Q

What chemicals digest proteins in the stomach?

A

HCl and pepsin

37
Q

What enzymes digest proteins in the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic enzymes (proteases) in pancreatic juices

38
Q

What enzymes digest proteins in the small intestine?

A

Brush border enzymes (aminopeptidase and dipeptidase)

39
Q

Where are amino acids and dipeptides absorbed?

A

epithelial cells od duodenum and jejunum

40
Q

How are amino acids and dipeptides absorbed into epithelial cells?

A

facilitated diffusion

41
Q

Where are lipids digested?

A
  • BEGINS in mouth
  • stomach
  • pancreas
  • liver
42
Q

What enzymes digest lipids in the mouth

A

lingual lipase in saliva

43
Q

What enzymes digest lipids in the stomach?

A

gastric lipase

44
Q

What enzymes digest lipids in the pancreas?

A

pancreatic lipase in pancreatic juice

45
Q

What do pancreatic juices do in the stomach?

A

split triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides

46
Q

What digests lipids in the liver?

A

bile

47
Q

Are lipids digested in the small intestine?

A

no

48
Q

What are the two types of lipids?

A

short chain and long chain lipids

49
Q

How are short chain lipids (fatty acids) absorbed?

A

simple diffusion

50
Q

How are long chain lipids (fatty acids) and monoglycerides absorbed?

A

simple diffusion through cells

  • bile salts are reabsorbed and later recycled (into bile) by liver
  • fat-soluble vitamins (A,K,D3, E) enter cells with lipids

Physiology 202 (43 decks)

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