Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology 202 > Unit 3 Lecture 21 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Lecture 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Define the endocrine system

A

The collection of glands that produces hormones to maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the similarities between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A
  1. act together to control body activities

2. both use chemical messengers for intercellular communications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A
  1. Messages - NS (uses action potentials and neurotransmitters) ES (hormones)
  2. Message speed and duration - NS (fast and short) ES (slow and long)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the major endocrine glands?

A
  • Pituitary glands
  • Thyroid glands
  • Parathyroid glands
  • Adrenal glands
  • Pineal glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are other organs/ tissues that have endocrine cells?

A
  • hypothalamus
  • thymus
  • pancreas
  • ovaries/ testes
  • kidneys, liver, stomach, heart, skin, and adipose tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of endocrine glands

A

Secrete products into interstitial fluid which diffuse into blood INSIDE BODY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of exocrine glands

A

Secrete products into ducts or lumens or to the OUTSIDE BODY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two types of hormones?

A
  • Local hormones

- Circulating hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are local hormones secreted?

A

Through PARACRINE cells and AUTOCRINE cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does a Paracrine cell do?

A

Releases local hormones to a paracrine receptor on a nearby target cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does an autocrine cell do?

A

Releases local hormones to attach to the autocrine receptor on the same autocrine cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 2 examples of local hormones?

A
  • IL-2 (released from Th* cell to stimulate proliferation of Th* cell and activated cytotoxic T cells)
  • Histamine (stimulates HCl secretion from parietal cells in stomach)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do circulating hormones do?

A

Enter interstitial fluid from an endocrine cell, enter bloodstream, then go to a hormone receptor on a distant target cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two types of circulatory hormones?

A
  • Lipid soluble hormones

- Water soluble hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a lipid soluble hormone?

A

a hormone bound to transport proteins for transport in body fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a water soluble hormone?

A

a hormone that freely dissolve in body fluids

17
Q

What are the two types of lipid soluble hormones?

A

Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones

18
Q

What are steroid hormones? Label some

A

A hormone derived from cholesterol

ex: aldosterone, cortisol, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone

19
Q

What are the two types of water soluble hormones?

A
  • Peptide and protein hormones

- Biogenic amines

20
Q

What are peptide and protein hormones? Label some

A
  • chains of amino acids

ex: ADH, hGH, TSH, ACTH, insulin, glucose, EPO

21
Q

What are biogenic amines? Label some

A
  • modified amino acids

ex: NE, epinephrine, histamine, melatonin

22
Q

What are some organ functions that hormones regulate?

A
  • metabolic pathways
  • biological clock
  • immune functions
  • reproduction
  • growth and development
23
Q

What must target cells have to receive info from hormones?

A

Receptors

24
Q

Where can receptors be found on target cells?

A

Inside the cell or on the cell surface

25
Q

How do cells change bc of hormones?

A
  • starts synthesis of new molecules
  • changes membrane permeability
  • alters rate of reaction
26
Q

True or false: Do different target cells response to the same hormone in the same way?

A

False

27
Q

Where are steroid hormone receptors found in target cells?

A

Inside the target cell

28
Q

What do steroid hormones do?

A

Changes levels of specific gene expressions

*target cells respond very slowly

29
Q

Where are peptide hormone receptors?

A

Surface of target cell

30
Q

What do peptide hormones do?

A
  • stimulates a receptor which stimulates a SECOND MESSENGER which adds/removes phosphorus to proteins (ex: ADP -> ATP)
31
Q

Do target cells respond to water soluble hormones slow or fast?

A

FAST

32
Q

How can hormones (1st messengers) effect the levels of second messengers?

A

Increase or decrease levels

33
Q

What are some examples of second messengers?

A

cAMP

Calcium ions

cGMP

34
Q

True or False: The same hormone can use different second messengers in different target cells

A

True

35
Q

What processes do second messengers usually involve?

A

phosphorlyation or dephosphorylation

36
Q

How does a hormone cause one type of response in one target cell and a different response in another target cell?

A

Different types of receptors generate different second messengers

37
Q

What are two hormones that use the cAMP and Phospholipase C second messenger systems?

A

Angiotensin II and Vasopressin

Physiology 202 (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions