Unit 4 Lecture 30 Flashcards
Define catabolic
reactions break down complex organic compounds and makes energy
Define anabolic
reactions synthesize complex molecules from small molecules, requiring energy
What is required during exchanges of energy?
ATP
What are examples of complex molecules and polymers?
glycogen, proteins, and triglycerides
What are examples of simple molecules and monomers?
Glucose, amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids
Why is half of energy released from ATP lost?
due to heat
Where is energy found?
In the bonds between atoms
Define oxidation
a decrease in the energy content of a molecule
- Electrons are lost, plus H+
Define reduction
an increase in the energy content of a molecule
- electrons gained , plus H+
What are the 4 steps of glucose catabolism?
- glycolysis
- formation of acetyl coenzyme A
- Krebs cycle
- electron transport chain (ETC)
What is the formula for glycolysis?
1 glucose -> 2 pyruvic acids and 2 captured high energy e- pairs
What are high energy e- pairs?
NADH
What is the formula for step 2 of glucose catabolism?
2, 3 carbon- Pyruvic acid breaks loses a carbon (in the form of CO2), captures 2 NADH total, and makes 2 acetyl coenxyme A
What is step 3 of glucose catabolism?
Krebs cycle in mitochondria
What happens during the Krebs cycle?
- 2 acetyl coenzyme A runs cycle
- coenzyme A turns into citric acid in mitochondria
What is lost and captured during step 3 of glucose catabolism?
- lose 2 CO2
- Capture 4 high energy e- pairs (2 runs total -> 8 e- pairs total… NADH and FADH2)
What is step 4 of gluose catabolism?
Electron transport chain in mitochondria
What happens during step 4 of glucose catabolism?
- e- pairs (NADH and FADH2) are delivered to transport chain w high potential energy
- e- pair’s energy gets used up and is bonded to O2 to make H20
- H+ flows out of mitochondria wall through e- pair
- H+ flows back in mitochondria through pink blob and MAKES ATP!!!!!
