Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology 202 > Unit 3 Lecture 18 and 19 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Lecture 18 and 19 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the only conditions that let T cells live?

A
  • Positive selection to self-MHC proteins

- Negative selection to self-peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When a T cell can live, what happens?

A

It becomes immunocompetent and leaves the thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define adaptive immunity

A

Body’s ability to recognize and defeat specific invading agents (bacteria, viruses, and foreign stuff)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two ways to distinguish adaptive immunity from innate immunity?

A
  1. specificity for foreign antigens and tolerance for self proteins
  2. memory of past foreign antigens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two types of adaptive immunity?

A
  1. Cell mediated immunity

2. Antibody mediated immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cell mediated immunity involves what type of T cell

A

Cytotoxic T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antibody mediated immunity involves what type of T cell?

A

Helper T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What must be on both T cells in order for cell and antibody mediated immunity to work?

A

T cell receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can also be found on the surface of T cells during antibody mediated immunity?

A

proteins used by B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What protein do foreign antigens connect to during cell mediated immunity?

A

MHC I protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What protein do foreign antigens connect to during antibody mediated immunity?

A

MHC II protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is cell mediated immunity specific?

A

defends the body against SPECIFIC pathogens that live INSIDE our cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is antibody mediated immunity specific?

A

defends the body against SPECIFIC pathogens that live OUTSIDE of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are cell mediated immunity and antibody mediated immunity tolerant?

A

they both do NOT recognize self-antigens presented by MHC I and II but they are TOLERANT of self-proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 2 main properties of antigens?

A
  1. Immunogenicity

2. Reactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define immunogenicity

A

antigens stimulate proliferation of specific lymphocytes and antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define reactivity

A

antigens react with activated lymphocytes and antibodies developed/ released in response to them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a complete antigen?

A

An antigen that exhibits both immunogenicity and reactivity AND includes foreign proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and large polysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are epitopes?

A

immune responses generated against parts of the antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

AGAIN, what conditions allow for T cells to live?

A
  • positive selection to self-proteins

- negative selection to self-peptides

21
Q

Where do T cells go after they become immunocompetent and leave the thymus?

A

Go to lymphatic tissue

22
Q

What conditions activate T cells to proliferate and differentiate

A

Antigen recognition with costimulation

23
Q

What causes T cells to become inactivated or die after leaving the thymus?

A

antigen recognition without costimulation or deletion signal

24
Q

What is the different between cell mediated and antibody mediated immunity?

A

cell mediated -intracellular pathogens

antibody mediated - extracellular pathogens

25
Q

What are the steps for cell-mediated immune responses to occur?

A
  1. Antigen presentation
  2. Antigen recognition
  3. Activation
  4. Proliferation and differentiation
  5. Action (destruction of infected cell)
26
Q

What allows cells to begin antigen presentation?

A

Antigen presenting cells (APCs)

27
Q

What are the major APCs?

A
  • Dendritic Cells (DCs)
  • Macrophages
  • Activated B cells
28
Q

What is the major initiator of adaptive immunity?

A

Dendritic cells

29
Q

What do dendritic cells do?

A

Travel to lymph nodes and secondary lymphatic organs where they present antigens to T cells

30
Q

What additional things aids in antigen recognition during cell mediated immunity?

A

Cluster designation markers

  • the red dangly thing coming off of helper T cells and cytotoxic t cells
31
Q

What happens during antigen presentation via MHC II proteins

A

APCs present EXOGENOUS (outside) antigens w MHC II molecules

32
Q

What happens during antigen presentation via MHC I proteins

A

Infected body cells present ENDOGENOUS (inside) antigens w MHC I molecules

33
Q

What additional thing aids in antigen recognition during cell mediated immunity?

A

Cluster designation markers

  • red dangly thing on help and cytotoxic T celsl
34
Q

What are the 2 types of cluster designation markers?

A

CD4 and CD8

35
Q

What cluster designation marker do helper T cells show?

A

CD4

36
Q

What do CD4 cluster designation markers only bind to?

A

MHC II molecules (on all APCs)

37
Q

What cluster designation marker do cytotoxic T cells show?

A

CD8

38
Q

What do CD8 cluster designation markers only bind to?

A

MHC I molecules (on all nucleated cells)

39
Q

During activation, what causes T cells to complete activation or abort activation?

A

Costimulators

40
Q

What do T cells do without costimulation?

A
  • become tolerant to antigen
  • unable to divide
  • do not secrete cytokines
41
Q

What do T cells do with costimulation?

A
  • enlarge, proliferate, and forms clones

- differentiate and perform functions whether helper or cytotoxic

42
Q

What do cytokines do?

A

Costimulate T cells and T cell proliferation

43
Q

What is the main type of cytokine?

A

Interleukin (IL-1)

44
Q

What releases interleukins?

A

macrophages

45
Q

What do interleukins (IL-1) costimulate T cells to do?

A
  1. Release interleukin 2 (IL-2)

2. Synthesize more IL-2 receptors

46
Q

What is interleukin 2

A
  • Key growth factor
  • makes positive feedback cycle telling T cells to divide
  • fights cancer
47
Q

What are other types of cytokines?

A
  • Perforin and lymphotoxin = cell toxins
  • gamma interferon
  • inflammatory factors
48
Q

What do gammer interferons do?

A

enhances the killing power of macrophages

49
Q

What do Helper T cells do when the recognize the presented antigen?

A
  • stimulate proliferation of other T cells (important for cell & antibody mediated immunity)
  • stimulate B cell to proliferate and differentiate (important for antibody mediated immunity)

Physiology 202 (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions