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Physiology 202 > Unit 1 Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

How does oxygen and nutrients move throughout the body?

A

Exits blood in capillaries and travels throughout interstitial fluid (ISF)

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2
Q

how does CO2 and waste travel in the body in relation to oxygen and nutrients?

A

in opposite directions

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3
Q

What is the blood flow velocity in a capillary?

A

0.1 cm/sec

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4
Q

What is true about capillary density (or thickness) and is work load?

A

The greater the work load (metabolic activity), the more dense the capillary

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5
Q

Define the term capillary bed

A

Network of capillaries

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6
Q

How far are tissue cells from capillaries?

A

~1-3 cell diameters

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7
Q

Are capillaries thin or thick?

A

THIN

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8
Q

Why is it important for capillaries to be thin and tissue cells to be close to them?

A

It’s easier for substances to diffuse into capillaries when they aren’t thick

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9
Q

What are the 3 ways that things can get into capillaries?

A
  1. Intercellular clefts
  2. Endothelial cell membranes
  3. Fenestrations
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10
Q

Define intercellular clefts

A

Pores in capillaries

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11
Q

What typically enters capillaries through intercellular clefts?

A

Water and small substances

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12
Q

What diffuses into capillaries through endothelial cell membranes

A

Some small molecules and gases

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13
Q

What enters capillaries through fenestrations?

A

large molecules

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14
Q

What are the 3 type of capillaries?

A

continuous, fenestrated and sinusoid capillaries

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15
Q

Where are continuous capillaries found?

A

Lungs, skeletal muscle, and connective tissue

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16
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

A

Kidneys, endocrine glands, and small intestine etc

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17
Q

Where are sinusoid capillaries found?

A

Liver, spleen, bone marrow and anterior pituitary gland

18
Q

What is active transport?

A

transport across a membrane that requires energy to get into the cell

19
Q

What is passive transport

A

transport that doesn’t require energy to enter or leave a cell

20
Q

What are the 3 major ways that materials/ ions travel through cells

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Bulk Flow
  3. Transcytosis
21
Q

Define diffusion

A

movement of molecules/ions from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration until equilibrium is reached

22
Q

Is diffusion active or passive transport?

A

passive

23
Q

Define bulk flow

A

movement of a fluid from HIGH pressure to LOW pressure

24
Q

Is bulk flow active or passive transport?

A

passive

25
Q

Define transcytosis

A

movement where macromolecules are captured in vesicles on one side of the cell, taken across the cell, and ejected out the other side

26
Q

Is transcytosis active or passive transport?

A

Active

27
Q

Fluid exchange between ISF and capillaries mainly uses what mode of transport?

A

Bulk Flow

28
Q

What are the 2 major forces that pushes fluid OUT of capillaries and into ISF? FILTRATION

A
  1. Blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP)

2. Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure IFOP)

29
Q

What does blood hydrostatic pressure do?

A

pushes fluid out through the capillary

30
Q

What does interstitial fluid osmotic pressure do?

A

PULLS fluid out via osmosis

31
Q

Does interstitial fluid osmotic pressure have a higher or lower pressure compared to blood hydrostatic pressure?

A

Smaller pressure

32
Q

What are the 2 forces that pull fluid INTO capillaries? REABSORPTION

A
  1. Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)

2. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFHP)

33
Q

What is blood colloid osmotic pressure?

A

the result of differences in protein concentration between plasma and ISF, which tends to pull water from the ISF and into the capillaries

34
Q

Define net filtration pressure

A

The difference in the net movement of fluid between the inward and outward pressures

35
Q

What are the systems of outward filtration?

A

Blood hyrdostatic pressure

Interstitial fluid osmotic pressue

36
Q

What are the systems of inward reabsorption?

A

Blood colloid osmotic pressure

Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

37
Q

What is the formula for new filtration pressure?

A

NFP = outward filtration - inward reabsorption

38
Q

What are the major factors that determine fluid movement across capillaries?

A

Blood Hydrostatic pressure

Blood colloid osmotic pressure

39
Q

What does capillary filtration do?

A

-> fluid washes over tissue cells @ the arterial end carrying nutrients and oxygen

40
Q

What does capillary reabsorption do?

A

-> return of fluid to capillary @ venous end -> deposits wastes into venous end

41
Q

Does more fluid enter or leave capillaries?

A

Leaves (3L/day)

42
Q

Where happens to the excess fluid?

A

Lymphatic vessels absorb it and return it to the circulatory system

Physiology 202 (43 decks)

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